Caries Research最新文献

{"title":"Erratum.","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000550544","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000550544","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the article \"Salivary Proteins and Metabolites as Caries Biomarkers in Adolescents\" [Caries Res. 2024;58(6):573-588. https://doi.org/10.1159/000540090] by Havsed et al. an error in the headings of Table 1 has been identified. Due to incorrect labelling in Table 1 the CA (caries group) should have been placed in the left panel and CF (caries-free) should have been placed in the right panel.The authors have checked the statistical calculations to confirm the error is in the labelling of Table 1.The corrected Table 1 is shown here:Table 1.Oral hygiene and diet factors in caries-free (CF) and caries-experienced (CA) groups​CA (N = 20)CF (N = 20)p valueTooth brushing (using fluoride toothpaste) frequency ≥2 tpd7 (35)15 (75)0.039 opd10 (50)4 (20) 0-6 tpw3 (15)1 (5)Fluoride supplement ≥opd1 (5)5 (25)0.024 2-6 tpw5 (25)7 (35) 2-7 tpw8 (40)8 (40) ≤opm6 (30)0Diet frequency 1-3 tpd2 (10)3 (15)0.336 4-6 tpd10 (50)12 (60) 7-9 tpd5 (25)5 (25) ≥10 tpd3 (15)0Consumption of sweetened beverages, soda and energy drinks ≤opw2 (10)8 (40)0.002 2-3 tpw4 (20)10 (50) 4-6 tpw8 (40)2 (10) ≥opd6 (30)0Consumption of candies, ice cream, sweet, coffee bread and snacks ≤opw1 (5)8 (40)0.026 2-3 tpw6 (30)7 (35) 4-6 tpw9 (45)4 (20) ≥opd4 (20)1 (5)opd, once per day; opm, once per month; opw, once per week; tpd, times per day; tpw, times per week; tpm, times per month.Data represent number of participants (and percentages) corresponding to different answer options. Four out of the five parameters showed statistically significant differences between the groups (χ2 test), with a lower tooth brushing frequency, lower use of fluoride supplement, higher consumption of sweetened beverages, soda and energy drinks as well as ice cream, sweet, coffee bread and snacks in the CA group.</p>","PeriodicalId":9620,"journal":{"name":"Caries Research","volume":" ","pages":"219-220"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13143238/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146212317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse Childhood Experiences and Dental Caries among Adolescents.","authors":"Thaís Gioda Noronha-Ramos, Jessica Klöckner Knorst, Eduarda da Silveira Borstmann, Thiago Machado Ardenghi, Fernanda Tomazoni","doi":"10.1159/000546071","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are negative events occurring before age 18 that may impact health. Children exposed to ACEs often receive inadequate preventive care and have a higher prevalence of diseases like dental caries. However, research on this topic remains limited. This study evaluated the association between ACEs and dental caries in adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a cross-sectional study nested in a cohort performed with a representative sample of preschools from Santa Maria, southern Brazil. This study used data from the last follow-up, with individuals aged between 14 and 18. Data collection was performed through structured questionnaires administered face-to-face and oral clinical examinations. All research team was previously trained and calibrated. Dental caries was measured by International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). ACE was evaluated by questions of the Brazilian version of the Adverse Childhood Experiences-International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ), considering alcohol and drug use, suicidal intent, imprisonment, divorce, or death of family members. The co-occurrence of ACEs was also evaluated. Sociodemographic and behavioral variables were used as covariables. Poisson regression models were used to investigate the associations with results present in rate ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 406 adolescents were examined. The mean of teeth with dental caries was 1.45 (standard deviation 3.6). The rate of dental caries was 56% higher in adolescents who lived with someone who has been sent to prison (RR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.02-1.90) and 22% higher in adolescents who witnessed their parents' divorce (RR: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.02-1.45) compared to those counterparts. The other ACEs separately were not associated with dental caries. Adolescents exposed to one, two, or more ACEs concomitantly had significantly higher caries rates compared to those with no exposure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Individuals who witnessed parental divorce or imprisonment exhibited higher rates of dental caries. Moreover, exposure to one, two, or more concurrent ACEs was associated with higher dental caries rates compared to no exposure. These findings underscore the importance of considering specific ACEs within the family environment when assessing their impact on dental caries.</p>","PeriodicalId":9620,"journal":{"name":"Caries Research","volume":" ","pages":"111-118"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144265324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Psychological Well-Being and Caries Experience in 3-Year-Old Offspring: Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) Study.","authors":"Wen Cheng, Chin-Ying Stephen Hsu, Carolina Un Lam, Johan Gunnar Eriksson, Helen Chen, Shiao-Yng Chan, Yung Seng Lee, Mary Foong-Fong Chong, Kok Hian Tan, Michael Meaney, Yap Seng Chong, Rosalind J Wright, Aderonke A Akinkugbe","doi":"10.1159/000546070","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Dental caries is a biofilm-mediated, multifactorial disease of the dental hard tissues. Maternal psychosocial and behavioral factors can affect a child's risk for many chronic childhood conditions including dental caries. We examined the relationship between maternal psychological well-being during and after pregnancy on caries experience in 3-year-old offspring.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data from the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) study (N = 667), maternal psychological well-being including depressive symptoms (Edinburg Postnatal Depression scale [EPDS]), anxiety symptoms (State Trait Anxiety Inventory [STAI]), and sleep quality were measured. Offspring dental caries experience was defined as having at least one decayed, missing, and filled teeth or surface (dmft ≥1 vs. 0/dmfs ≥1 vs. 0). We estimated associations between maternal psychological well-being in the pre- and postnatal periods with offspring dental caries experience using logistic regression models adjusted for several maternal and child demographic and socioeconomic factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean maternal age at delivery was 31 (SD: 5.1) years with ethnic distribution of 55% Chinese, 28% Malay, and 17% Indian; 8.6% of mothers had a prenatal EPDS score ≥15 indicating probable depression and 44% of the children had dmft ≥1. Children of mothers with high prenatal EPDS scores (≥15) had 1.57 times (95% CI: 0.85-2.93) the adjusted odds of dental caries experience as compared to children of mothers with prenatal EPDS score <15, although this association was not statistically significant. Moreover, children of mothers with consistently high/changing EPDS and STAI scores in the pre- and postnatal periods had adjusted odds of caries experience of 1.65 (95% CI: 1.01-2.72) and 1.24 (95% CI: 0.89-1.74), respectively, when compared to children whose mothers had consistently low EPDS and STAI scores, though only EPDS association was statistically significant. Associations with poor sleep quality followed a similar direction, although not statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While the current findings did not consistently demonstrate statistically significant associations, they suggest a potential role of maternal psychological well-being during and after pregnancy on children's oral health status.</p>","PeriodicalId":9620,"journal":{"name":"Caries Research","volume":" ","pages":"42-53"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13200212/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144198334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Stepwise Excavation or Selective Excavation in Comparison with Non-Selective Caries Removal in Managing Deep Caries in Vital Permanent Teeth: A Systematic Review with Trial Sequential, Pairwise, and Network Meta-Analyses.","authors":"Shaqayeq Ramezanzade, Lars Bjørndal, Haoran Chen, Aylin Baysan","doi":"10.1159/000545052","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim of this systematic review was to assess the available evidence related to the effectiveness of stepwise excavation (SW) or selective excavation (SE) when compared to non-selective caries excavation (NSE) for the management of permanent teeth with deep carious lesions without signs of irreversible pulpitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review was conducted according to Cochrane guidelines. Literature search was performed using several databases including English language only. Pairwise and network meta-analysis (NMA) was conducted. A total of 19 out of 819 studies were included. The outcomes assessed were dental pulp exposure and the measure \"success\" defined as tooth not having complications after a follow-up (i.e., without dental pulp exposure following treatment, no dental pulp complications after treatment, no periapical lesion, no severe/unbearable pain, no restoration failure or tooth extraction).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The risk of bias analysis revealed that more than 50% of the studies had high risk of bias. In addition, the GRADE assessment for the outcomes showed that most of the evidence was low and very low quality. Based on the results of the NMA, SW had the highest success rate (RR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.00-1.23, with NSE as the reference), followed by SE (RR: 1.06, 95% CI: 0.97-1.16, with NSE as the reference). However, the difference was not statistically significant. In most cases, SE was the treatment of choice in relation to carious lesion depths with the threshold of >2/3 of the dentine thickness and SW was advocated only in cooperative patients due to the two-step procedures.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Within the limitations of this review, the effect of remaining carious dentine could not be assessed with respect to the success rate for each intervention. Therefore, long-term, well-organized, multi-centre randomized controlled trials are still required to provide concrete evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":9620,"journal":{"name":"Caries Research","volume":" ","pages":"80-109"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143794689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is the Number of Teeth in Mouth an Indicator of Caries in Childhood? A Birth Cohort Study.","authors":"Júlia Freire Danigno, Marina da Costa Rocha, Mariana Cadermatori, Mariangela Freitas da Silveira, Flávio Fernando Demarco","doi":"10.1159/000547511","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000547511","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Early childhood caries (ECC) is a significant public health issue, affecting nearly half of children worldwide. Severe ECC (S-ECC) is characterized by smooth-surface caries in children under 3 years old. Early dental eruption has been linked to a higher risk of ECC, as teeth are exposed to cariogenic environments longer. This study analyzes the association between the number of teeth at 12 and 24 months and the presence of S-ECC at 4 years of age.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were obtained from the 2015 Pelotas Birth Cohort, which included all children born in Pelotas, Brazil, in 2015. The number of teeth at 12 and 24 months, reported by mothers, was the primary exposure, and S-ECC at 4 years was the outcome. Sugar consumption was analyzed as a potential mediator. Confounders included maternal education, family income, and child sex. Mediation analysis was conducted using PARAMED, and Poisson regression with robust variance estimated prevalence ratios, adjusting for confounders. A significance level of 0.05 was used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The number of teeth at 12 and 24 months was positively associated with S-ECC at 4 years. However, the sugar consumption trajectory did not mediate these relationships.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights a significant association between the number of teeth in early life and S-ECC development, independent of sugar consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":9620,"journal":{"name":"Caries Research","volume":" ","pages":"221-229"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144673987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Silver Diamine Fluoride Treatment: The Role of Zinc in Reducing Discoloration and Maintaining Antimicrobial Efficacy.","authors":"Abdullah Almulhim, Astrid C Valdivia-Tapia, Xinyue Mao, Nora Alomeir, Basma Alsahan, Anderson T Hara, Tong Tong Wu, Yihong Li, Jin Xiao","doi":"10.1159/000548012","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000548012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Silver diammine fluoride (SDF; often incorrectly referred to as silver diamine fluoride in the literature) is an effective, minimally invasive treatment for dental caries; however, its widespread adoption is hindered by significant black discoloration of treated dentin. Zinc, known for its antimicrobial properties and potential interactions with silver compounds, may offer a novel approach to reducing SDF-induced staining while preserving its cariostatic effects. This laboratory study investigated the impact of a zinc pretreatment followed by SDF application on dentin discoloration, surface properties, and antimicrobial activity using an artificial caries model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Artificial caries lesion was induced in human dentin blocks using a Streptococcus mutans microbial biofilm model. After caries formation, the specimens were treated with 38% SDF alone or in combination with 15 <sc>m</sc> or 20 <sc>m</sc> zinc nitrate solution. Antimicrobial challenges were then further assessed using a duo species (S. mutans and Candida albicans) biofilm model. Color changes over 14 days were assessed using grayscale image analysis. Surface roughness was measured using profilometry. Antimicrobial effects were evaluated through assessing culture media pH, viable S. mutans and C. albicans cell counts, biofilm biomass, and biofilm microstructure via multiphoton confocal imaging. Data were analyzed using simple linear regression, two-sample t tests, and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests to evaluate differences among treatment groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Zinc incorporation significantly mitigated SDF-induced dentin discoloration. The application of 20 <sc>m</sc> Zn with SDF significantly improved dentin whiteness compared to the SDF-only group (p = 0.0228). No significant differences in the surface roughness were observed between the zinc-treated and SDF-only groups. Both SDF alone and SDF + zinc groups demonstrated significant reductions in S. mutans and C. albicans viability compared to the untreated controls (p ≤ 0.005). Zinc pretreatment preserved the antimicrobial effects of SDF and supported biofilm disruption and live-dead cell proportions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study findings suggest that zinc-enhanced SDF regimen may offer an improved aesthetic profile while maintaining antimicrobial properties, potentially increasing clinical acceptability. Future studies should explore the long-term stability and clinical performance of zinc-enhanced SDF and assess various zinc delivery regimens.</p>","PeriodicalId":9620,"journal":{"name":"Caries Research","volume":" ","pages":"275-288"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144943903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Indicators Associated with Root Caries and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life among Older Adults: The Tromsø7 Study.","authors":"Anne Breivik, Simen E Kopperud, Aida Mulic, Linda Maria Stein, Teferi Mekonnen, Elin Hadler-Olsen, Qalbi Khan","doi":"10.1159/000547745","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000547745","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to investigate risk indicators associated with root caries in older adults aged 65 years and above in Norway. A secondary aim was to explore whether root caries was associated with oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 1,075 participants aged ≥65 from the population-based Tromsø Study (Tromsø7) conducted in Northern Norway in 2015-2016. All inhabitants aged 40 years and older in Tromsø municipality (32,591) were invited, of whom 21,083 participated. The participants underwent clinical and radiographic examinations and answered extensive questionnaires. Root caries was registered on four surfaces per tooth and graded D_3-5. For analysis, prevalence of root caries was dichotomised into (1) no (if the participants had no root caries) and (2) yes (if root caries was registered on at least one surface). Characteristics of the study population were described with percentages and frequencies for the categorical variables and mean and standard deviation (SD) for continuous variables for the whole cohort and stratified on presence of root caries and OHRQoL impact. The statistical significance of differences was assessed with the Pearson χ2 test and independent sample T test. Factors associated with root caries and OHRQoL were explored using logistic regression. The significance level was set to p < 0.05 for all analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Men had higher odds of root caries than women (OR: 1.70, 95% CI [1.08, 2.70]) and those who were smokers had a higher odds of root caries than those who had never smoked (OR: 1.83, 95% CI [1.13, 2.94]). Participants with root caries had 1.67 times higher odds of having reduced OHRQoL than those without root caries (95% CI: 1.02, 2.72).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study found that being male and smoking were risk indicators of root caries. Additionally, root caries had a negative impact on OHRQoL. The results could be useful for oral health professionals to guide individual and targeted root caries preventive measures in older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":9620,"journal":{"name":"Caries Research","volume":" ","pages":"262-274"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144943987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum.","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000548400","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000548400","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the abstract by Nunes et al. entitled \"In situ Remineralization of Initial Caries Lesions Using Fluoride, CPP-ACP, and TMP-Enhanced Toothpaste\" [Caries Res. 2025;59(4):315-383; https://doi.org/10.1159/000546564, abstract No. 100], there is an error in the name of one of the authors, which should read Christian Hannig.The original abstract has been updated.</p>","PeriodicalId":9620,"journal":{"name":"Caries Research","volume":" ","pages":"110"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145336514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Insights into the Interaction of Sugarcane Cystatin (CaneCPI-5) with the Surface of Hydroxyapatite through Molecular Dynamics Simulations.","authors":"Carolina Ruis Ferrari, Tiago Espinosa de Oliveira, Flávio Henrique-Silva, Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf, Paulo Augusto Netz","doi":"10.1159/000546942","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546942","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study conducted a molecular dynamics simulation to elucidate the interactions in silico between a sugarcane cystatin (CaneCPI-5) and hydroxyapatite, aiming to deepen the understanding of its potential role in modulating the dental enamel demineralization process.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The CaneCPI-5 protein structure was modeled using homology with SWISS-MODEL, based on the multicystatin template PDB-ID 4LZI. Molecular dynamics simulations were conducted with the protein positioned randomly in a box containing a hydroxyapatite surface (001 face). Molecular dynamics simulations were then carried out for 500 ns with control of temperature and pressure using the GROMACS package. The free energy of interaction between CaneCPI-5 and the hydroxyapatite surface was calculated using the MM/GBSA method based on trajectory frames.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For several initial orientations, the protein rapidly migrated to anchor to the surface, ensuring minimal distance between its amino acid residues and the surface. Most residues interacting with the surface phosphates were positively charged. Arginine 81, alanine 105 and arginine 107 were found to be key residues. During the simulations, similar values were observed for all orientations in terms of root-mean-square deviation, radius of gyration, and root mean square fluctuation. The free energy calculation showed strong protein-hydroxyapatite interactions, except for one of the initial orientations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates that CaneCPI-5 has affinity for hydroxyapatite surfaces, with positively charged residues, particularly arginine. The stable binding observed throughout the simulations suggests that this protein may contribute to mechanisms that influence the integrity of dental enamel in demineralizing conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9620,"journal":{"name":"Caries Research","volume":" ","pages":"196-205"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144301181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cavity Management Effectiveness and Feasibility of Silver Diamine Fluoride Solution and Sodium Fluoride Varnish in Children: One-Year Follow-Up Non-Inferiority Randomised Controlled Trial.","authors":"Stefania Martignon, Margarita Usuga-Vacca, Andrea Cortes, Sofía Jácome-Liévano, Natalia Fortich-Mesa, Emilia María Ochoa, Roquelina Pianeta, Vivi Hoyos-Hoyos, Edgar O Beltrán","doi":"10.1159/000544953","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000544953","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The prevalence of caries experience among 5-year-old children in Colombia remains high (62%). The National Health System supports the use of NaF varnish (FV) from age one. Considering the inclusion of SDF solution (SDF) by the WHO and the FDI to control caries burden by 2030, the aim of this non-inferiority randomised controlled trial (RCT) was to compare after 1 year the effectiveness and feasibility of biannual applications of SDF or FV for the control of cavities in young children from Bogotá and Cartagena, Colombia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This non-inferiority RCT included seven hundred fifty-two 3- to 4-year-old medically healthy children from Bogotá and Cartagena. Participants in each city were randomised to receive either SDF (38%) or FV (5%) biannually.</p><p><strong>Primary outcome: </strong>cavity (d) prevention effect.</p><p><strong>Secondary outcomes: </strong>active cavity (active d) arresting effect, feasibility (study adherence, received treatment fidelity), dental care parental satisfaction/acceptance, child procedure behaviour and pain, and adverse effects. Data were analysed using t tests, χ2 tests, and generalised estimating equation (0.05 statistical significance).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 611 children (75.1%) completed the 1-year follow-up. At baseline, overall prevalence of caries experience (dmf) was of 32% (prevalence of d: 27%), increasing to over 75% when including initial and moderate caries lesions (assessed without air-drying, Epi) (ICDAS-merged Epi dmf). Corresponding mean number of tooth surfaces with ICDAS-merged Epi dmf was >5.9, of which cavities/d >1.1. Most reported a high daily intake of free sugars (FV: 82.8%; SDF: 79.9%), and use of fluoridated toothpaste was not generalised (FV: 60.3%; SDF: 57.8%). After 1 year, mean number of new cavity tooth surfaces showed no inferiority for SDF versus FV (FV: 0.61 ± 1.86; SDF: 0.40 ± 1.13, p = 0.22). Arresting active cavities was achieved in 49.4% (FV) and 72.2% (SDF) of children (p > 0.05). Feasibility was high: study adherence (FV: 76.1%; SDF: 74.0%); received treatment fidelity (FV: 92.9%; SDF: 91.4%) (p > 0.05). Most parents were satisfied-very satisfied (FV: 93.2%; SDF: 96.0%) (p > 0.05). Only one case of adverse effects appeared after the first fluoride application (SDF) and resolved uneventfully.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>After 1 year, a biannual application of SDF versus FV was not inferior in preventing new cavities, with high feasibility in community settings. This study supports the use of these fluoride therapies for young children in similar socio-economic contexts, recommending increasing fluoridated toothpaste affordability and including behaviour change strategies to improve oral health practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":9620,"journal":{"name":"Caries Research","volume":" ","pages":"12-23"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143965173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}