Caries Research最新文献

{"title":"Insights into AQP5 Polymorphism and Genetic Associations in Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization and Dental Fluorosis.","authors":"Juliane Rolim de Lavôr, Igor Cartaxo Fernandes, Debora Heloísa Silva de Britoa, Fabio Correia Sampaio, Aronita Rosenblatt, Alexandre Vieira","doi":"10.1159/000547003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000547003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>While fluoride exposure is a well-established factor in the development of dental fluorosis (DF), individual variability in susceptibility suggests that additional factors may also contribute to its manifestation. The etiology of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH), in turn, is multifactorial and remains not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between MIH, dental fluorosis, caries, and polymorphisms in the AQP5, MMP2, and COMT genes in children exposed to high fluoride levels in drinking water.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 268 schoolchildren aged 6 to 12 years from an area endemic for fluorosis were included. The EAPD, Thylstrup and Fejerskov, and WHO criteria were used for the diagnosis of MIH, dental fluorosis, and caries, respectively. Saliva samples from participants were collected for genomic DNA extraction and subsequent genotyping, using the TaqMan method, focusing on markers in AQP5, MMP2, and COMT genes. For statistical analysis, chi-square and Fisher's exact tests, along with Binary Logistic Regression, were used, considering a 5% significance level. Additionally, genetic assessments were conducted using PLINK software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>DF was negatively associated with MIH in both crude (OR = 0.3; p = 0.003) and adjusted analyses (OR = 0.3; p = 0.002). AQP5 rs3736309 was significantly associated with an increased risk of DF under a dominant model, with the G allele being more prevalent in affected individuals, while its association with MIH followed a recessive pattern, requiring two copies of the G allele for increased risk. MMP2 rs9923304 was associated with DF under a recessive model, while rs2287074 and rs9923304 were related to dental caries in individuals with DF or MIH.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The marker in the AQP5 gene was significantly associated with both DF and MIH, presenting different risk patterns depending on the genetic model analyzed (dominant vs. recessive). DF appears to have a protective effect against MIH, highlighting the complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors in dental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9620,"journal":{"name":"Caries Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144943906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Silver Diamine Fluoride Treatment: The Role of Zinc in Reducing Discoloration and Maintaining Antimicrobial Efficacy.","authors":"Abdullah Almulhim, Astrid C Valdivia-Tapia, Xinyue Mao, Nora Alomeir, Basma Alsahan, Anderson T Hara, Tong Tong Wu, Yihong Li, Jin Xiao","doi":"10.1159/000548012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000548012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Silver diammine fluoride (SDF; often incorrectly referred to as silver diamine fluoride in the literature) is an effective, minimally invasive treatment for dental caries; however, its widespread adoption is hindered by significant black discoloration of treated dentin. Zinc, known for its antimicrobial properties and potential interactions with silver compounds, may offer a novel approach to reducing SDF-induced staining while preserving its cariostatic effects. This laboratory study investigated the impact of a zinc pretreatment followed by SDF application on dentin discoloration, surface properties, and antimicrobial activity using an artificial caries model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Artificial caries lesion was induced in human dentin blocks using a Streptococcus mutans microbial biofilm model. After caries formation, the specimens were treated with 38% SDF alone or in combination with 15M or 20M zinc nitrate solution. Antimicrobial challenges were then further assessed using a duo-species (S. mutans and Candida albicans) biofilm model. Color changes over 14 days were assessed using grayscale image analysis. Surface roughness was measured using profilometry. Antimicrobial effects were evaluated through assessing culture media pH, viable S. mutans and C. albicans cell counts, biofilm biomass, and biofilm microstructure via multiphoton confocal imaging. Data were analyzed using simple linear regression, two-sample t-tests, and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests to evaluate differences among treatment groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Zinc incorporation significantly mitigated SDF-induced dentin discoloration. The application of 20M Zn with SDF significantly improved dentin whiteness compared to the SDF-only group (p = 0.0228). No significant differences in the surface roughness were observed between the zinc-treated and SDF-only groups. Both SDF alone and SDF+Zinc groups demonstrated significant reductions in S. mutans and C. albicans viability compared to the untreated controls (p ≤ 0.005). Zinc pretreatment preserved the antimicrobial effects of SDF and supported biofilm disruption and live-dead cell proportions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study findings suggest that zinc-enhanced SDF regimen may offer an improved aesthetic profile while maintaining antimicrobial properties, potentially increasing clinical acceptability. Future studies should explore the long-term stability and clinical performance of zinc-enhanced SDF and assess various Zinc delivery regimens.</p>","PeriodicalId":9620,"journal":{"name":"Caries Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144943903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk indicators associated with root caries and oral health-related quality of life among older adults - The Tromsø 7 study.","authors":"Anne Breivik, Simen E Kopperud, Aida Mulic, Linda Maria Stein, Teferi Mekonnen, Elin Hadler-Olsen, Qalbi Khan","doi":"10.1159/000547745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000547745","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9620,"journal":{"name":"Caries Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144943987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic Evaluations of Preventive &amp; Minimally Invasive Children&apos;s Dental Caries Procedures: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Kamila Sihuay-Torres, Fabio Arriola-Pacheco, Abdulrahman Ghoneim, Herenia P Lawrence","doi":"10.1159/000548099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000548099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The WHO's Global Oral Health Action Plan towards 2030 suggests prioritizing cost-effective preventive and minimally invasive (MI) dental caries interventions as essential oral health care services. Given the high prevalence of dental caries among children, raising awareness of the limitations and research gaps of the existing economic evaluations assessing preventive and MI procedures is crucial.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This scoping review aimed to identify and map the relevant literature on economic evaluations for preventive and MI dental caries procedures among children under 12 years of age.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic literature search using Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, LILACS, and PEDE up to December 31st, 2023. Two independent reviewers performed the screening and data extraction using the Covidence software. A third reviewer resolved disagreements. Inclusion criteria comprised full economic evaluations, and full-text original articles published in peer-reviewed journals, in English, Spanish, or Portuguese, without any date restrictions. Data extraction included methodological characteristics items. We appraised the content reported using the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) 2022 checklist.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 1285 studies screened, 62 were selected for data extraction. Most studies conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis (98%, n=61), and only 10% (n=6) and 3% (n=2) conducted a cost-benefit and cost-utility analysis, respectively. The majority of studies evaluated sealants (32%, n=20) and fluoride varnish (24%, n=15), and only three assessed the cost-effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride. None of the included studies reported the CHEERS item related to community engagement. Moreover, there is a lack of studies among populations from the African region, most low- and lower-middle-income countries, and Indigenous communities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Economic evaluations of preventive and MI dental caries procedures among children have increased over the last decade. Nonetheless, these are mostly cost-effectiveness analyses using clinically oriented outcomes, as opposed to patient-centred outcomes. We recommend collaboration with community partners while conducting economic evaluations for mutual capacity building.</p>","PeriodicalId":9620,"journal":{"name":"Caries Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144943932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the Risk Factors for Early Life Sugar Consumption: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Carlos Alberto Feldens, Jaime Aparecido Cury, Paulo Floriani Kramer, Elisa Maria Rosa de Barros Coelho, Márcia Regina Vítolo, Karen Glazer Peres","doi":"10.1159/000547729","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000547729","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The risk factors for early life sugar consumption in different countries have not been thoroughly mapped, making it difficult to plan interventions.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This scoping review aims to map evidence on the risk factors for introduction of sugar in the first 2 years of life and to characterize the methodological features of the studies included. Population, Concept, and Context strategy (PCC) was adopted to identify relevant studies published up to February 2025 using PubMed, Scopus, Dentistry and Oral Sciences Source, and Web of Science databases. Any interventional or observational study investigating associated or risk factors for the early introduction of sugar in the first 2 years of age was eligible. The study had no funding, and the protocol was not registered. In total, 348 articles were suitable for initial screening of title and abstracts; 118 were submitted to full-text analysis, identifying 19 papers involving 43,622 children from Europe (n = 6), North America (n = 5), South America (n = 3), Asia (n = 3), and Oceania (n = 2). Considerable methodological variation was found between studies, particularly in study design, data collection instruments, and types of sugar investigated. The introduction of sugar was earlier among children from regions with greater socioeconomic inequalities and from mothers with lower level of education, younger age, single mothers, and higher number of siblings. Additionally, behavioral risk factors identified included higher parental sugar consumption, maternal smoking, and shorter breastfeeding duration.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>The risk factors identified in this scoping review can inform the planning of future strategies to prevent sugar consumption in the first 2 years of life. Furthermore, substantial methodological variations identified across studies may guide researchers in developing future research in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":9620,"journal":{"name":"Caries Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144774689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asthma, Medication Use, and Dental Caries in Adolescents: A Population-Based Study.","authors":"Francien Veenman, Sione Tibbertsma, Eppo B Wolvius, Fernando Rivadeneira, Liesbeth Duijts, Lea Kragt","doi":"10.1159/000547594","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000547594","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Asthma and dental caries may be linked through frequent mouth breathing and the use of inhaled asthma medication. However, the current literature is inconclusive on whether asthma or asthma medications increase the risk of dental caries in permanent dentition. This study aimed to investigate whether asthma, the age of asthma onset, and the use of asthma medications are associated with the caries experience of 13-year-old adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was embedded in the Generation R Study, a population-based prospective cohort. Data on asthma, asthma medication use, and potential confounders were collected through parental questionnaires. Dental caries in the permanent dentition was defined by the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index. Hurdle-negative binomial regression models were used to examine the associations between asthma variables and dental caries.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the study population (n = 3,356, 13.6 ± 0.34 years, 48.8% male), the prevalence of dental caries was 35.2% and the prevalence of ever diagnosed with asthma 15.3%. The results showed no associations between (current) asthma, age at asthma onset, or asthma medication use at 13 years and risk of dental caries (OR [95% CI] ranging from 0.64 [0.41-1.02] to 1.27 [0.79-2.05]).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>As the largest study conducted to date in adolescents, no associations were found between asthma or asthma medication and dental caries, consistent with findings across multiple large, population-based cohort studies, underscoring the strength of these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":9620,"journal":{"name":"Caries Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144706430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can Plaque Indices Effectively Indicate the True Amount of Plaque?","authors":"Katja Jung, Franziska Eilert, Carolina Ganss","doi":"10.1159/000547456","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000547456","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Clinical plaque indices are well-established methods for quantifying the effects of plaque control, for example, with different toothbrush types. However, effect sizes observed in such studies depend on the index used. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate how Turesky-modified Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (T-QHPI), Rustogi-modified Navy Plaque Index (RMNPI), and RMNPI modified by Bretz (RMNPI-Bretz) scores correspond to actual plaque amounts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty participants, 24.0 ± 4.1 years old, were included. Following 72 h without oral hygiene and after subsequent habitual toothbrushing, disclosed plaque (Mira-2-Ton®) was captured using intraoral scans (Carestream 3800). Scoring grids corresponding to the indices were projected onto standardised images on the oral and vestibular sides of the Ramfjord teeth (16, 21, 24, 36, 41, and 44) and scored. Afterwards, actual plaque coverage was quantified planimetrically (P%).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All methods yield significant plaque reduction after brushing (P%: 42.1 ± 14.0%, T-QHPI: 32.7 ± 9.5%, RMNPI: 19.7 ± 9.5%, RMNPI-Bretz: 30.2 ± 9.9; p ≤ 0.001 each). However, Bland-Altman analysis revealed distinct systematic and proportional biases in relation to P%. As P% was not linearly related to the index values, equations were derived, enabling the conversion into actual plaque coverage. Those were applied to T-QHPI and RMNPI data from the literature to allow a deeper understanding of effect sizes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Plaque indices only partially reflect actual plaque coverage. Compared to RMNPI, T-QHPI and RMNPI-Bretz gave closer agreement with the planimetric measurements. These findings highlight the limitations of traditional plaque indices in accurately representing plaque reduction, while offering a new approach to enhance the interpretability of oral hygiene studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9620,"journal":{"name":"Caries Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144682104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is the Number of Teeth in Mouth an Indicator of Caries in Childhood? A Birth Cohort Study.","authors":"Júlia Freire Danigno, Marina da Costa Rocha, Mariana Cadermatori, Mariangela Freitas da Silveira, Flávio Fernando Demarco","doi":"10.1159/000547511","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000547511","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Early childhood caries (ECC) is a significant public health issue, affecting nearly half of children worldwide. Severe ECC (S-ECC) is characterized by smooth-surface caries in children under 3 years old. Early dental eruption has been linked to a higher risk of ECC, as teeth are exposed to cariogenic environments longer. This study analyzes the association between the number of teeth at 12 and 24 months and the presence of S-ECC at 4 years of age.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were obtained from the 2015 Pelotas Birth Cohort, which included all children born in Pelotas, Brazil, in 2015. The number of teeth at 12 and 24 months, reported by mothers, was the primary exposure, and S-ECC at 4 years was the outcome. Sugar consumption was analyzed as a potential mediator. Confounders included maternal education, family income, and child sex. Mediation analysis was conducted using PARAMED, and Poisson regression with robust variance estimated prevalence ratios, adjusting for confounders. A significance level of 0.05 was used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The number of teeth at 12 and 24 months was positively associated with S-ECC at 4 years. However, the sugar consumption trajectory did not mediate these relationships.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights a significant association between the number of teeth in early life and S-ECC development, independent of sugar consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":9620,"journal":{"name":"Caries Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144673987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements in Caries Diagnostics Using Bitewing Radiography: A Systematic Review of Deep Learning Approaches.","authors":"Kristof Sebastian Hansson Horvath, Nils Roar Gjerdet, Xie-Qi Shi","doi":"10.1159/000546448","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546448","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Deep learning techniques have emerged as promising tools for enhancing the radiographic diagnosis of caries, particularly when utilizing bitewing radiographs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review was conducted to assess the use of deep learning for caries diagnosis in bitewing radiographs. Literature searches were performed across Web of Science and PubMed databases for studies published before March 2025 that utilized deep learning for caries detection, segmentation, and classification using bitewing radiographs. Data extraction focused on model architectures, dataset characteristics, annotation processes, diagnostic performance metrics, and potential biases, as assessed by the QUADAS-2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-three studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing caries detection, segmentation, and severity classification. The most frequently applied deep learning models were classification models, such as ResNet and detection models, such as YOLO architectures. Dataset sizes varied widely, ranging from 112 to 8,539 images. Most studies reported high diagnostic performance, with accuracies ranging from 70% to 99%. Some AI models outperformed or matched the performance of human experts, particularly in detecting advanced carious lesions. However, considerable variability was observed in model architectures, dataset characteristics, the applied diagnostic performance metrics, and reporting standards. The risk of bias assessment revealed concerns in patient selection, index test interpretation, and reference standards, with all studies rated as having a high risk of bias in at least one domain.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The review identified challenges in currently developed deep learning models regarding methodological heterogeneity, lack of standardization, limited dataset diversity, insufficient clinical validation, and concerns about bias and data transparency. Nevertheless, all studies concluded that deep learning models are promising as an assistive diagnostic tool in caries diagnostics using bitewing radiography.</p>","PeriodicalId":9620,"journal":{"name":"Caries Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-25"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12331221/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Older Adults' Salivary Proteomic Is Reshaped by Caries Disease Severity.","authors":"Natália Teixeira Tavares Branco, Lucas Rodrigues-Ribeiro, Natália Pinto Almeida, Frederico Omar Gleber Netto, Fábio César Sousa Nogueira, Cláudia Silami Magalhães, Thiago Verano-Braga, Ivana Márcia Alves Diniz","doi":"10.1159/000546940","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546940","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Dental caries is a disease with high prevalence and concern worldwide, especially among the elderly population. Considering the impact of saliva on the disease development process, protein biomarkers may be potentially useful to monitor the clinical course of the disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study recorded clinical data and conducted a proteomic analysis of the saliva of eighty elderly individuals (60-84 years). Participants were classified into a no active caries (NC) group and low caries activity (LC) and high caries activity (HC) groups. We hypothesized that the protein profile between the groups would be different and could be used to learn about disease progression and identify potential markers for caries severity in the aged population. All participants had their unstimulated total saliva collected for 5 min. Further correlations were tested to find target proteins strongly linked to clinical variables of caries disease, i.e., the visible dental plaque index, root caries experience, salivary flow, buffering capacity and pH, and percentage of sugar intake. To achieve this, groups with different dental caries statuses were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 1,299 proteins were identified, of which 665 could be quantified in all samples. Of these, 16 proteins had statistically different abundances between the groups with and without dental caries activity (p < 0.05; fold-change [FC] 1.23). Furthermore, 31 proteins differentially regulated in saliva, including 22 downregulated and 9 upregulated proteins, were found in the HC group compared with the LC group (p < 0.05; FC 1.23). When correlated with caries disease-related clinical parameters, 87 candidates were identified and 19 maintained significances from the primary data analysis (p < 0.05). In the gene ontology analysis, most of the regulated proteins were related to innate immunity processes, calcium ions activity, action against bacteria, and cell adhesion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study identified potential proteins that may help distinguish different caries activity status on people over 60 years of age. Ultimately, future studies could investigate whether the differential abundance of regulated proteins is a result of the caries process itself or the underlying factors that contribute to its development.</p>","PeriodicalId":9620,"journal":{"name":"Caries Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}