Caries Research最新文献

{"title":"To seal or restore occlusal caries in permanent molar teeth, 11-year RCT.","authors":"Azam Bakhshandeh, Vibeke Qvist","doi":"10.1159/000544980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000544980","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sealing of occlusal dentin caries has shown promise in studies, but long-term outcomes remain inconclusive. This RCT aimed to investigate the potential of postponing restorative interventions of manifest occlusal caries by sealing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>After randomization (ratio 2:1), 341 resin sealings and 152 composite restorations in 493 patients (6-17 years) were performed by 66 dentists in nine Danish municipalities. All lesions were pre-designated to require restorative treatment by the treating dentists. The treatments were controlled annually both clinically and radiographically. The primary objectives, assessed at different observation intervals, were to analyze the survival of sealing until replacement by restoration, the survival of sealing and restoration until retreatment, caries progression beneath sealing and restoration, and the longevity of repaired versus unrepaired sealing until replacement by restoration. The secondary objectives identified factors influencing survival of sealings and restorations. Chi-square/Kaplan-Meier/Cox-regression were used for statistical analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After 11 years, dropout rate was 10%, and 22% of sealings were repaired/renewed. 58% of sealings and 81% of restorations remained sealed/restored until completion due to age 18 or primary caries. Additionally, 33% of sealings were replaced by restorations, and 12% of restorations were repaired/replaced (p-values<0.001). No endodontics were performed. The mean annual failure rates were 4%-7% for sealings and 1% for restorations. The survival of sealings were affected by various predictor variables across the outcomes and observation intervals. The survival rate of repaired/renewed sealings was comparable to that of new sealings (p=0.96).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This long-term study provided a comprehensive overview regarding reasons and time for retreatments of occlusal sealings and restorations. The results indicate that sealing is an effective treatment for occlusal enamel and dentin caries.</p>","PeriodicalId":9620,"journal":{"name":"Caries Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective Prevention of Early Childhood Caries in Well-Baby Clinics: Results of a Pragmatic Randomised Trial.","authors":"Peggy C J M van Spreuwel, Geert J M G van der Heijden, Naichuan Su, Cor van Loveren, Katarina Jerković-Ćosić","doi":"10.1159/000545116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000545116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study evaluated the Toddler Oral Health Intervention (TOHI) for preventing early childhood caries (ECC) by 48 months. TOHI, an add-on to standard care in well-baby clinics (WBCs), aims to reduce ECC incidence and severity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Dyads were randomised into TOHI (added to care as usual) or care as usual (CAU). The primary outcome was ECC (incidence and severity); secondary outcomes included plaque and pufa scores, and oral health behaviour changes. TOHI combined Non-Operative Caries Treatment and Prevention, Motivational Interviewing, and the Health Action Process Approach. Oral health coaches applied TOHI from enrolment (age 6-12 months) to 48 months. Data were collected at baseline, 24, and 48 months through questionnaires and clinical assessments. Blinding was maintained for clinical assessment and analysis. Intention-to-treat analysis used a Negative Binomial Hurdle Model with one-sided statistical testing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 402 enrolled dyads, 353 (88%) completed the study (TOHI: 176/205, 86%; CAU: 177/197, 90%). At 48 months, 61% of TOHI toddlers and 54% of CAU toddlers remained free of any caries lesions (ICDAS ≥1). Among toddlers with caries, TOHI reduced dmfs scores by 40% (RR: 0.60; UL95% CI: 0.98, p = 0.04). For cavitated lesions (ICDAS ≥3), TOHI reduced dmfs scores by 53% (RR: 0.47; UL95% CI: 1.04, p = 0.06), and 84% of TOHI toddlers remained free of cavitated lesions versus 78% in CAU.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TOHI, added to usual care at WBCs, modestly reduced ECC incidence and severity at 48 months. Further research is needed to assess long-term impacts and cost-effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":9620,"journal":{"name":"Caries Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-26"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluoride Varnish Efficacy on the Remineralization of Early Caries Lesions in Situ.","authors":"Astrid C Valdivia-Tapia, Domenick T Zero, Frank Lippert, E Angeles Martinez-Mier, George J Eckert, Anderson T Hara","doi":"10.1159/000545160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000545160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In vitro studies show that fluoride varnishes (FV) differ significantly in their ability to remineralize and fluoridate enamel caries lesions, as respectively measured by surface microhardness recovery (%SMHr) and enamel fluoride-uptake (EFU). However, there is a need to confirm these findings in clinically relevant conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This in situ study adopted a five-leg cross-over design. In each leg, 28 subjects wore their mandibular partial denture with two previously demineralized enamel slabs treated with one of the following FV (selected based on our previous in vitro data): Vanish™ (high-%SMHr, low-EFU), Flor-Opal® (low-%SMHr, high-EFU), Enamel-Pro® (high-%SMHr, high-EFU), PreviDent® (generic, commercial reference) or Negative control (no varnish). After three days, specimens were wrapped in gauze to allow plaque accumulation on the enamel. Toothbrushing of natural teeth was performed twice/day with F-free toothpaste. After 14 days, enamel specimens were collected and analyzed (%SMHr and EFU). Data were analyzed by ANOVA models suitable for cross-over (alpha=0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Vanish™ had a significantly higher %SMHr; other varnishes did not differ from each other and had higher %SMHr than the control. EFU was significantly lower for the control than for all other treatments; Flor-Opal® had significantly lower EFU than Vanish™ and PreviDent®. Neither %SMHr nor EFU in vitro data could predict in situ results, although better approximation was observed for %SMHr.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>All tested FV could remineralize enamel; however, they presented different efficacies. Comparative clinical trials are warranted to confirm these results. Adequate in vitro tests are necessary to predict the clinical efficacy of FVs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9620,"journal":{"name":"Caries Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143613476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Future of Caries Research.","authors":"Livia M A Tenuta","doi":"10.1159/000545156","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545156","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9620,"journal":{"name":"Caries Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143584759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caries risk assessment by dental students and dentists in the Netherlands - a survey study to assess knowledge and implementation.","authors":"Catherine M C Volgenant, Rodrigo A Giacaman, Ilona F Persoon, Sophie Doméjean, Hans de Soet","doi":"10.1159/000545155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000545155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>To prevent caries with targeted strategies and to act conservatively, it is essential oral health care providers perform an individual caries risk assessment (CRA). This study aims to explore knowledge and application regarding CRA by Dutch fifth-year dental students (D5DS) and practitioners (DDPs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A survey was conducted through a questionnaire sent at random to a group of 1,500 members of the Royal Dutch Dental Association (KNMT) and to 213 D5DS from all three dental schools in the Netherlands.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 374 DDP respondents (25%), 79% reported to perform CRA in routine practice. Female dentists reported using CRA in their daily practice more often than males (p=0.008). The questionnaire was completed by 118 D5DS (55%). All D5DS respondents reported using CRA and most students were familiar with Dutch prevention-oriented methods. Eighteen percent of them did not make an individual treatment plan based on caries risk. The familiarity of DDPs regarding Dutch prevention-oriented methods was lower than its of students (p<0.001). In both groups of respondents, oral hygiene and diet were the two most important factors considered when assessing caries risk in patients whatever their age.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CRA is applied less frequently in the general practice compared to student clinics at university. Our results suggest that dentists in the Netherlands could improve their knowledge about cariology by continuing education. Dental schools should emphasize implementation of the knowledge in clinical practice. In addition, a uniform and evidence-based method to perform CRA in the dental practice is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":9620,"journal":{"name":"Caries Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143584740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association of physical activity, physical fitness, dental caries, and erosive tooth wear in Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966.","authors":"Eero Blomster, Marja-Liisa Laitala, Maisa Niemelä, Anna-Maiju Leinonen, Tarja Tanner","doi":"10.1159/000544974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000544974","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Introduction Research on the impact of physical activity and physical fitness on oral health has been limited in scope. The aim of this report is to assess the impact of physical activity and physical fitness as modifiable factors in dental caries and erosive tooth wear among middle-aged individuals in Finland. Methods Data was gathered from the North Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC1966) 46-year follow-up, which included dental clinical examinations conducted by seven calibrated dentists, physical fitness tests, measurements of physical activity (PA), and measurements of height and weight administered between 2012 and 2014. PA was measured over a two-week period with a wrist-worn accelerometer and reported as average daily duration of PA (min/day). Physical fitness was assessed by measuring cardiorespiratory fitness via heart rate recovery (HRR) in a step test using a heart rate monitor and chest belt, and by evaluating back strength with the Biering-Sorensen test. Of the whole cohort, 1,964 cohort members participated in the oral clinical examination, and the regression models were conducted with 1,590 participants. The prevalence of dental caries (ICDAS), DMFT score, and erosive tooth wear (BEWE), and the results of the PA test and physical fitness tests, were categorized and analyzed using cross-tabulations and multivariable logistic regression models. SPSS version 29.0.0.0 was used to calculate 95% confidence intervals [CI], Odds Ratios [OR], 𝜒2, and p-values. Results Poor (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.15 - 2.23) and moderate (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.14 - 1.93) cardiorespiratory fitness and low PA (OR 1.48 95% CI 1.07 - 2.05) were associated with dentine caries in the regression model. The same model indicated that tooth brushing frequency (OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.21 - 3.20), erosive tooth wear (ETW) (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.12 - 1.49), and male gender (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.05 - 1.43) were associated with increased dentine caries. No statistically significant association was found between PA or physical fitness and ETW. Conclusion In the middle-aged Finnish population, high physical activity and good physical fitness are associated with a lower prevalence of dentine caries. No association between physical activity or physical fitness and ETW were found. Further research is needed to explore the potential oral health benefits of physical activity and physical fitness as modifiable factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":9620,"journal":{"name":"Caries Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validity and Reliability of Intraoral OCT and Bitewing Radiography for Detecting Approximal Carious Lesions.","authors":"Michaela Strumpski, Hartmut Schneider, Claudia Rüger, Jana Schmidt, Ellen Schulz-Kornas, Rainer Haak","doi":"10.1159/000544789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000544789","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This in vitro study evaluated the validity and reliability of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to detect approximal carious lesions compared to bitewing radiography.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty extracted human premolars and molars with fifty-four unrestored approximal surfaces (ICDAS ll score 0 - 3) were mounted in a patient-equivalent simulator and imaged by digital radiography (DR) and the prototype of an intraoral OCT probe. The lesion status of the tooth surfaces was validated histologically and by microtomography (µCT). Five calibrated raters with low to high level of clinical expertise analyzed the DR and OCT images at intervals of 2 to 4 weeks each. Intra- and interrater agreement (weighted Cohen's kappa κ, Fleiss' kappa), sensitivity, and specificity were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sensitivity of OCT (0.66 - 0.91) was higher than that of DR (0.46 - 0.82), as was the specificity (OCT: 0.67 - 0.92; DR: 0.33 - 0.58). Intra-rater agreement with OCT was moderate to substantial (κ: 0.53 - 0.77; p < 0.001) and fair to substantial for DR (κ: 0.36 - 0.78; p < 0.05). The DR interpersonal agreement ranged from slight to substantial (κ: 0.1 - 0.74, Fleiss'-κ: 0.23/0.24; p < 0.001), towards fair to substantial with OCT (κ: 0.27 - 0.62; Fleiss'-κ: 0.23/0.18; p < 0.001). Agreement between histology and µCT was almost perfect (κ: 0.82; p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In a clinically oriented simulation, OCT was more sensitive in detecting early approximal carious lesions than DR without impairing specificity or reproducibility. Clinical studies will have to show whether OCT can confirm these promising results.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>Non-invasive real-time OCT imaging of the approximal spaces may validly and reproducibly supplement established diagnostic procedures for detecting and monitoring early approximal lesions. Training of examiners might further improve the interpretation of OCT images.</p>","PeriodicalId":9620,"journal":{"name":"Caries Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143499384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavior Risk Factors for Non-Communicable Diseases and Caries in Adolescents: A Population Study.","authors":"Edna Luisa Oliveira Monteiro, Lorena Lúcia Costa Ladeira, Cayara Mattos Costa, Mylla Cristie Campelo Monteiro, Maria Augusta Bessa Rebelo, Claudia Maria Coelho Alves, Erika Barbara Abreu Fonseca Thomaz, Cecilia Claudia Costa Ribeiro","doi":"10.1159/000544723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000544723","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Caries is the most widespread non-communicable disease (NCD) globally and can predict fatality NCDs in the future, such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, we hypothesized that the behavioral risk factors for those NCDs may be present in adolescents with caries.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyze the association of unhealthy diet, tabagism, and alcohol with caries in adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This population-based study with a cross-sectional design used data from 2515 adolescents aged 18-19 yo, born in São Luís-MA, Brazil, and part of the RPS Cohort Consortium. The exposures were the latent variables of the Unhealthy Diet Pattern (sugars, fast foods, and salty snacks) and Addictive Behaviors (tabagism and risk of alcohol dependence). The outcome was the number of decayed teeth. The model adjustment considered the Socioeconomic Status (head of household education, adolescent education, economic class, and monthly family income) as a distal determinant and the oral biofilm as a mediator between the exposures and the outcome, analyzed by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), using the Mplus 8.0 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Unhealthy Diet Pattern was associated with a higher number of decayed teeth directly (SC=0.092, p≤0.001) and indirectly via dental biofilm (SC=0.020, p≤0.001). Addictive Behaviors were associated with a higher number of decayed teeth indirectly via dental biofilm (SC=0.019, p=0.013). The Unhealthy Diet Pattern and Addictive Behaviors were associated with each other (CP=0,199; p<0,001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Besides sugars, other behavioral risk factors for NCDs underlie caries, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive adolescent health care.</p>","PeriodicalId":9620,"journal":{"name":"Caries Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143448290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Failures of Sealed Molars: Three-Year Results from a Multi-Centre, Prospective Study in Public Dental Service in Norway.","authors":"Lina Stangvaltaite-Mouhat, Marte-Mari Uhlen-Strand, Ingrid Volden Klepaker, Rasa Skudutyte-Rysstad","doi":"10.1159/000544068","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000544068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The efficacy of fissure sealants (FS) in controlling occlusal caries is well documented. However, several factors can potentially modify the caries-preventive effect of FS and their failure rate in real life might be higher than in controlled experimental settings. The aim of this study was to prospectively examine failures and risk factors in sealed first permanent molars (FPMs) with sound occlusal surfaces or initial caries lesions of children in a practice-based setting in public dental service (PDS) in Norway.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Children aged 6-10 years considered at high caries risk (D3MFT/d3mft >0) were recruited by dentists and dental hygienists during routine examination at local dental clinics in PDS. After the application, resin-based FS were maintained according to clinicians' conventional procedures. Occlusal surface/FS status and the following treatment were registered at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months. The outcome was categorized into success, minor failure, and failure of sealed FPM based on a combination of diagnosis of occlusal surface/FS status and the following treatment at each follow-up. Univariable and multivariable Cox survival analyses were used to investigate potential risk factors for failure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 409 participants, 4% (16) were lost to follow-up. Of 393 FPMs, 72% (284) were evaluated as success, 9% (34) as minor failure, and 19% (75) failed during the 36 months of this study period: 13% (51) received FS reapplication and 6% developed dentine caries or were restored. One third of FS were additionally treated with fluoride varnish (FV) at least once during the follow-up. Occlusal surface with caries grade 1-2 (vs. intact) increased (adjusted HR [adHR]: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1-3.1), while FV application over FS decreased hazards (adHR 0.4, 95% CI: 0.3-0.7) for failure. The clinic's county was associated with failure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>After 3-year follow-up, nearly one out of five sealed FPMs failed, i.e., they had to be resealed, developed dentine caries, or were restored. Initial caries lesion on occlusal surface increased, while FV application over FS reduced risk for failure. Moreover, regional differences in sealed FPM failures were observed.</p>","PeriodicalId":9620,"journal":{"name":"Caries Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143390290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Streptococcus mutans GcrR Regulates Oral Biofilm from a Cariogenic State to a Non-Cariogenic State by Affecting Exopolysaccharide Production and Biofilm Homeostasis.","authors":"Bin Zhang, Anqi Zhang, Shihao Hou, Jielin Yang, Tao Hu, Yingming Yang, Lei Lei, Ruizhe Huang","doi":"10.1159/000544075","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000544075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Dental caries is a noncommunicable disease caused by dysbiosis of a dental biofilm. Streptococcus mutans is considered the major pathogen. The orphan response regulator GcrR negatively regulates exopolysaccharide (EPS) synthesis in S. mutans. We aimed to investigate the effect of GcrR on the cariogenicity of oral biofilms. A triple-species biofilm model was constructed, including S. mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Streptococcus gordonii.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The morphology of triple-species biofilms was detected through scanning electron microscopy, and the structure was observed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The microbial composition was measured by fluorescence in situ hybridization and qPCR. The expression of genes was detected by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. A specific pathogen-free rat model was used to assess the cariogenicity of the triple-species biofilms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The architecture of the biofilm was significantly impaired when gcrR-overexpressed S. mutans were incubated with S. sanguinis and S. gordonii (SmugcrR++S.s+S.g). The biofilm exhibited a decrease in the production of water-insoluble glucans and water-soluble glucans, consistent with a decreased expression of EPS synthesis-related genes. The SmugcrR++S.s+S.g biofilm exhibited an increase in non-cariogenic species with lower lactic acid production. Furthermore, the SmugcrR++S.s+S.g biofilm exhibited reduced cariogenicity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The biofilm cariogenicity could be shifted to a less cariogenic state by an increased expression of the GcrR regulator.</p>","PeriodicalId":9620,"journal":{"name":"Caries Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143390296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}