Caries Research最新文献

{"title":"Older Adults' Salivary Proteomic Is Reshaped by Caries Disease Severity.","authors":"Natália Teixeira Tavares Branco, Lucas Rodrigues-Ribeiro, Natália Pinto Almeida, Frederico Omar Gleber Netto, Fábio César Sousa Nogueira, Cláudia Silami Magalhães, Thiago Verano-Braga, Ivana Márcia Alves Diniz","doi":"10.1159/000546940","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546940","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Dental caries is a disease with high prevalence and concern worldwide, especially among the elderly population. Considering the impact of saliva on the disease development process, protein biomarkers may be potentially useful to monitor the clinical course of the disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study recorded clinical data and conducted a proteomic analysis of the saliva of eighty elderly individuals (60-84 years). Participants were classified into a no active caries (NC) group and low caries activity (LC) and high caries activity (HC) groups. We hypothesized that the protein profile between the groups would be different and could be used to learn about disease progression and identify potential markers for caries severity in the aged population. All participants had their unstimulated total saliva collected for 5 min. Further correlations were tested to find target proteins strongly linked to clinical variables of caries disease, i.e., the visible dental plaque index, root caries experience, salivary flow, buffering capacity and pH, and percentage of sugar intake. To achieve this, groups with different dental caries statuses were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 1,299 proteins were identified, of which 665 could be quantified in all samples. Of these, 16 proteins had statistically different abundances between the groups with and without dental caries activity (p < 0.05; fold-change [FC] 1.23). Furthermore, 31 proteins differentially regulated in saliva, including 22 downregulated and 9 upregulated proteins, were found in the HC group compared with the LC group (p < 0.05; FC 1.23). When correlated with caries disease-related clinical parameters, 87 candidates were identified and 19 maintained significances from the primary data analysis (p < 0.05). In the gene ontology analysis, most of the regulated proteins were related to innate immunity processes, calcium ions activity, action against bacteria, and cell adhesion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study identified potential proteins that may help distinguish different caries activity status on people over 60 years of age. Ultimately, future studies could investigate whether the differential abundance of regulated proteins is a result of the caries process itself or the underlying factors that contribute to its development.</p>","PeriodicalId":9620,"journal":{"name":"Caries Research","volume":" ","pages":"185-195"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Municipal Oral Healthcare Coverage and Dental Caries among Brazilian Children.","authors":"Erica Torres de Almeida Piovesan, Eduardo Bernabe","doi":"10.1159/000548560","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000548560","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Universal coverage for oral healthcare is expected to improve population oral health. However, empirical evidence to substantiate this expectation is scarce and inconsistent. This study investigated the association between municipal oral healthcare coverage and dental caries among 5-year-old children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study pooled together individual-level data from 7,185 5-year-old children who participated in the National Oral Health Survey - SB Brasil 2023 and monthly data on municipal oral healthcare coverage from January 2019 to December 2023. Dental caries was determined at cavity level in clinical examinations and summarised using the numbers of decayed teeth (dt), missing and filled teeth (mft) and decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft). Group-based trajectory modelling was used to identify four distinct classes of municipal oral healthcare coverage: always-low, medium-low, medium-high, and always-high. Multilevel negative binomial regression models, with children nested within municipalities, were fitted to test the association between municipal oral healthcare coverage and each caries measure, adjusting for demographic factors, socioeconomic conditions, and oral healthcare-seeking behaviour.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The variance partition coefficient of the empty model (no predictors) indicated that 4.1%, 3.1%, and 4.4% of the variance in the dmft, dt, and mft scores was attributable to differences between municipalities. Greater municipal oral healthcare coverage was not associated with the dmft and dt scores after adjusting for covariates. In contrast, municipal oral healthcare coverage was associated with the mft score after adjustments. Children in municipalities with medium-low (1.09, 95% CI: 0.72-1.66), medium-high (1.45, 95% CI: 0.93-2.26), and always-high coverage (1.50, 95% CI: 0.88, 2.56) had on average higher mft scores compared to those in municipalities with always-low coverage (p value for trend = 0.047).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study shows that greater oral healthcare coverage was positively associated with more caries treatment experience but not with current untreated disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":9620,"journal":{"name":"Caries Research","volume":" ","pages":"289-298"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145124292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Initial Caries Lesions in Preschool Children Are Not a Risk Factor for Caries in Adolescents.","authors":"Bruna Brondani, Jessica Klöckner Knorst, Bruno Emmanuelli, Thiago Machado Ardenghi, Fausto Medeiros Mendes","doi":"10.1159/000546347","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Caries experience in primary teeth has been highlighted as the most important single risk factor for caries development in the subsequent permanent teeth, but at cavitated stages. This 10-year cohort study aimed to evaluate whether children with only initial caries lesions in the primary teeth could also have a higher risk for caries incidence in permanent teeth.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We evaluated Brazilian preschoolers aged 1-5 years in 2010 (T1) and re-evaluated them 2 (T2), 7 (T3), and 10 (T4) years later. Dental caries in primary and permanent teeth was assessed through the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). For the primary dentition (T1 and T2), the participants were categorised according to caries severity in the first two assessments into children with (i) no caries, (ii) only initial caries lesions (ICDAS scores 1 and 2), (iii) at least one moderate lesion (ICDAS scores 3 and 4), and (iv) extensive caries lesions (ICDAS scores 5 and 6). We also created a dichotomous variable considering only extensive lesions. Demographic and socio-economic data were also collected. For the permanent dentition (T3 and T4), the participants were re-evaluated for extensive caries lesions after 7 and 10 years of follow-up. The outcome variables were the number of decayed, extracted, and filled surfaces of permanent teeth and the occurrence of any extensive lesion (caries incidence) after 10 years. Associations were evaluated through negative binomial and Poisson regression analyses, respectively. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and relative risks, along with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), were derived.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the baseline, 639 children were included, and 429 were reassessed after 10 years (67.2% retention rate). Children with only initial or moderate caries lesions did not have a higher risk of caries in permanent teeth. By contrast, children with extensive caries lesions were more likely to develop caries in the permanent dentition than children without caries (IRR, 95% CI = 2.90, 1.98-4.23). This higher risk was more clearly demonstrated when the caries experience was used as a dichotomous variable (IRR, 95% CI = 4.02, 2.38-6.78).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Children with only initial caries lesions do not have a higher risk of developing dental caries in the permanent dentition by adolescence.</p>","PeriodicalId":9620,"journal":{"name":"Caries Research","volume":" ","pages":"33-41"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Oral Health Status of Pediatric Patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux and Bile Reflux Disease.","authors":"Makbule Buse Dundar Sari, Eren Sari, Melike Arslan, Merve Aksoy, Cenkhan Bal, Necati Balamtekin","doi":"10.1159/000547887","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000547887","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and bile reflux disease (BRD) are two distinct conditions that may affect oral health through different mechanisms. This study investigated whether these reflux types lead to differing oral and dental outcomes in pediatric patients, aiming to inform clinical practice and promote interdisciplinary care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients diagnosed with BRD or GERD between 2017 and 2020 were included. Clinical oral examinations, salivary analyses, and questionnaires on potential etiological factors for erosive tooth wear (ETW) were conducted. Oral health was assessed using the Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE), dental caries experience (DMFT), Silness and Löe plaque index (PI), and gingival index (GI). Salivary pH and flow rates were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-six patients (33 with BRD, 33 with GERD; 75.8% female; mean age: 14.9 ± 3.1) were included. BEWE scores were significantly higher in GERD patients (median: 6 vs. 4) (p < 0.001), though both groups were classified as low risk for ETW. GERD patients had higher PI (p = 0.018) and GI scores (p < 0.001), while DMFT scores were similar (p = 0.639). BRD patients exhibited significantly higher median values for unstimulated and stimulated salivary pH (7 vs. 6 and 8 vs. 7, respectively) and flow rates (0.6 vs. 0.36 mL/min and 1.7 vs. 1.22 mL/min, respectively) (all p < 0.001), although stimulated flow in GERD patients remained within normal limits (≥1 mL/min).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>GERD was associated with poorer oral health, particularly ETW and gingival status. Early, multidisciplinary intervention may help prevent erosion and promote remineralization.</p>","PeriodicalId":9620,"journal":{"name":"Caries Research","volume":" ","pages":"240-248"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144815816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability of an Artificial Intelligence Software in the Detection of Approximal Caries Lesions Using Bitewing Radiographs.","authors":"Liina Piipari, Vuokko Anttonen, Adrian Lussi, Marja-Liisa Laitala, Tarja Tanner, Saujanya Karki","doi":"10.1159/000547245","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000547245","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study evaluates the reliability of an artificial intelligence (AI) software for detecting approximal caries lesions of different depth on bitewing radiographs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 40 bitewing radiographs consisting of 288 teeth (576 approximal surfaces) were selected for analysis. Utilising the International Caries Detection and Assessment System radiographic scoring system, five dentists established a consensus on the assessment of all radiographs, serving as the gold standard of this study. These radiographs were later analysed using an AI software (Nostic software®), and the detection results were compared to the established ground truth.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, negative predictive values, and F1 scores were computed. A total of 246 surfaces were included for the detection of enamel lesions (D _1-2) while 341 surfaces were assed for dentinal lesions (D _3-4) and for both enamel and dentinal lesions (D _1-4). The accuracy (95% confidence interval) for detecting enamel lesions (D _1-2) was 0.78 (0.72-0.83), for dentinal lesions (D _3-4) was 0.85 (0.80-0.88) and for both enamel and dentinal lesions (D _1-4) was 0.77 (0.73-0.81). Correspondingly, the AUC (95% confidence interval) values for detecting enamel lesions (D _1-2), dentinal lesion (D _3-4) and both enamel and dentinal lesions (D _1-4) were 0.70 (0.65-0.76), 0.81 (0.75-0.87), 0.75 (0.71-0.80), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, the performance of the AI software in detecting proximal caries lesions of varying depths on bitewing radiographs was found to be decent when compared to the gold standard. This AI software has the potential to serve as an effective tool to support diagnosing initial caries in bitewing images for dental practitioners.</p>","PeriodicalId":9620,"journal":{"name":"Caries Research","volume":" ","pages":"119-126"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144574900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Vertical Bitewing Radiographs in Treatment Decision-Making for Primary Molars: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Isabel Cristina Olegário, Rona Leith, Anne C O Apos Connell","doi":"10.1159/000546977","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546977","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of vertical bitewing (VBW) radiographs compared to visual examination alone for caries detection and treatment planning of primary molars in children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Children aged 5-10 years with high caries risk were examined by trained and calibrated paediatric dentists. Treatment decisions were made based on visual examination alone and after VBW findings and categorised into control treatment (CT), non-restorative treatment (NRT), restorative treatment (RT), and treatment of the necrotic tooth (TNT). Descriptive and statistical analysis was performed using Stata 18.0 (α = 5%).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,417 surfaces in 75 children were included in the study (occlusal = 528; proximal = 889). Radiographic dentine caries lesions were detected in 7% of clinically sound surfaces. Radiographic signs of pulp necrosis were observed in almost 20% of teeth that had no clinical signs of pulp necrosis. This led to significant changes from RT to pulpectomy/extraction of primary molars. Treatment changes were required for 221 surfaces (15.60%) after radiographic examination (CT to NRT = 120; CT to RT = 32; NRT to RT = 47; RT to TNT = 22). Changes were significantly more frequent in proximal surfaces when compared to occlusal ones (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>VBW increased the detection of proximal caries lesions in primary molars compared to visual examination; however, most of those lesions were restricted to enamel. The majority of changes in the treatment decision after radiographic examination occurred from CT to NRT. VBWs allowed the determination of the depth of dentine caries, proximity to pulp signs of pulp necrosis, and presence of permanent successors, which are essential for treatment planning for deep caries lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9620,"journal":{"name":"Caries Research","volume":" ","pages":"299-310"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145191279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcome of a National Education Program on Supervised Daily Toothbrushing and Biannual Fluoride Varnish Application on Dental Caries in Chilean Preschool Children: An Ecological Cohort Study.","authors":"Andres Celis, David I Conway, Lorna M D Macpherson, Jorge Celis-Dooner, Alex D McMahon","doi":"10.1159/000546679","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546679","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><p>Introduction: Dental caries in childhood remains a major global public health issue. In response to persistently high caries levels among children, Chile implemented a national programme (Sembrando Sonrisas) including daily supervised toothbrushing and biannual fluoride varnish applications in nurseries. This study aimed to examine the association between these interventions and caries experience in preschool children, and to assess related socioeconomic inequalities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analysed aggregated municipality-level data (n = 346) on dental caries outcomes in 5-year-olds, coverage of fluoride varnish applications, delivery of toothbrushing materials (toothbrushes and 1,000 ppm fluoride toothpaste), exposure to community water fluoridation (CWF), rurality, and socioeconomic deprivation. The primary outcome was the caries experience of children covered by the programme since its national rollout in 2015. Univariate and multivariate weighted linear regression models assessed associations between programme interventions and caries experience, adjusting for deprivation and CWF. Socioeconomic inequalities in caries experience were evaluated using the Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and Relative Index of Inequality (RII). The distribution of programme delivery across socioeconomic deciles was assessed using weighted regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data on 309,360 5-year-olds were included. Complete delivery of toothbrushing materials was associated with lower caries experience (50.1% vs. 55.0%), a 4.9% difference (95% CI: 2.5%, 7.2%) after adjustment. CWF exposure was associated with a 7.5% lower caries experience (95% CI: 4.2%, 10.9%). The combination of both interventions showed the lowest caries levels, with a 13.4% difference compared to areas with neither intervention (95% CI: 7.5%, 19.3%). Fluoride varnish application was not significantly associated with caries experience. Delivery of interventions was equitable across socioeconomic groups. However, caries experience was significantly higher in the most deprived municipalities (SII = 14.7%, 95% CI: 11.7%, 17.7%; RII = 0.283, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Lower caries experience was associated with supervised daily toothbrushing and CWF exposure, but not with fluoride varnish application. Despite equitable programme coverage, substantial socioeconomic inequalities persist. As this ecological study cannot establish causality, further research is needed to evaluate long-term trends and the role of broader determinants in improving child oral health. </p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":9620,"journal":{"name":"Caries Research","volume":" ","pages":"152-162"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12227189/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144233276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio-Environmental Typologies and Incidence of Dental Caries from Childhood to Adolescence among Youth in Montreal: The QUALITY Cohort.","authors":"Yue Ying, Belinda Nicolau, Andraea Van Hulst, Mélanie Henderson, Sreenath Arekunnath Madathil, Tracie A Barnett","doi":"10.1159/000546747","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546747","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><p>Introduction: Leveraging data from a cohort study of Quebec youth with a family history of obesity, this study aimed to (i) identify neighbourhood socio-environmental typologies in childhood and (ii) estimate their associations with the incidence of dental caries in adolescence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used baseline (2005-2008) and second follow-up (2012-2015) data from the ongoing QUALITY cohort study in Montreal, Canada, which included 512 children aged 8-10 years with ≥1 biological parent with obesity at baseline. Based on prior literature and data availability, we selected three key neighbourhood-level indicators - social disorder, social deprivation, and material deprivation - measured in both school and residential settings. Latent class analysis was used to derive the socio-environmental typologies by combining social disorder, social deprivation, and material deprivation of the social environment in school and residential neighbourhoods. The outcome was dental caries incidence, assessed as the change in the Decayed, Missing, Filled Surface index. Negative binomial regression was performed to estimate incidence ratios (IRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Only three neighbourhood socio-environmental typologies were identified. Type 1 neighbourhoods: high social disorder, high social deprivation, and low material deprivation; type 2 neighbourhoods: median social disorder, median social deprivation, and median material deprivation; type 3 neighbourhoods: low social disorder, low social deprivation, and high material deprivation. Compared to type 1, the IRs (95% CIs) were 0.9 (0.6-1.2) for type 2 and 0.8 (0.6-1.1) for type 3.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Neighbourhoods with lower social disorder and social deprivation may offer a protective effect against dental caries in youth. </p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":9620,"journal":{"name":"Caries Research","volume":" ","pages":"163-172"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12237280/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144257430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into <italic>AQP5</italic> Polymorphism and Genetic Associations in Molar Incisor Hypomineralization and Dental Fluorosis.","authors":"Juliane Rolim de Lavôr, Igor Cartaxo Fernandes, Debora Heloísa Silva de Brito, Fabio Correia Sampaio, Aronita Rosenblatt, Alexandre Rezende Vieira","doi":"10.1159/000547003","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000547003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>While fluoride exposure is a well-established factor in the development of dental fluorosis (DF), individual variability in susceptibility suggests that additional factors may also contribute to its manifestation. The etiology of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH), in turn, is multifactorial and remains not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between MIH, DF, caries, and polymorphisms in the AQP5, MMP2, and COMT genes in children exposed to high fluoride levels in drinking water.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 268 schoolchildren aged 6-12 years from an area endemic for fluorosis were included. The EAPD, Thylstrup and Fejerskov, and WHO criteria were used for the diagnosis of MIH, DF, and caries, respectively. Saliva samples from participants were collected for genomic DNA extraction and subsequent genotyping, using the TaqMan method, focusing on markers in AQP5, MMP2, and COMT genes. For statistical analysis, chi-square and Fisher's exact tests, along with binary logistic regression, were used, considering a 5% significance level. Additionally, genetic assessments were conducted using PLINK software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>DF was negatively associated with MIH in both crude (OR = 0.3; p = 0.003) and adjusted analyses (OR = 0.3; p = 0.002). AQP5 rs3736309 was significantly associated with an increased risk of DF under a dominant model, with the G allele being more prevalent in affected individuals, while its association with MIH followed a recessive pattern, requiring two copies of the G allele for increased risk. MMP2 rs9923304 was associated with DF under a recessive model, while rs2287074 and rs9923304 were related to dental caries in individuals with DF or MIH.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The marker in the AQP5 gene was significantly associated with both DF and MIH, presenting different risk patterns depending on the genetic model analyzed (dominant vs. recessive). DF appears to have a protective effect against MIH, highlighting the complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors in dental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9620,"journal":{"name":"Caries Research","volume":" ","pages":"249-261"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144943906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic Evaluations of Preventive and Minimally Invasive Children's Dental Caries Procedures: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Kamila Sihuay-Torres, Fabio Arriola-Pacheco, Abdulrahman Ghoneim, Herenia P Lawrence","doi":"10.1159/000548099","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000548099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><p>Background: The WHO's Global Oral Health Action Plan towards 2030 suggests prioritizing cost-effective preventive and minimally invasive (MI) dental caries interventions as essential oral health care services. Given the high prevalence of dental caries among children, raising awareness of the limitations and research gaps of the existing economic evaluations assessing preventive and MI procedures is crucial. Therefore, this scoping review aimed to identify and map the relevant literature on economic evaluations for preventive and MI dental caries procedures among children under 12 years of age. Summary: We conducted a systematic literature search using Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, LILACS, and PEDE up to December 31st, 2023. Two independent reviewers performed the screening and data extraction using the Covidence software. A third reviewer resolved disagreements. Inclusion criteria comprised full economic evaluations and full-text original articles published in peer-reviewed journals, in English, Spanish, or Portuguese, without any date restrictions. Data extraction included methodological characteristics items. We appraised the content reported using the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) 2022 checklist. Key Messages: Among 1,285 studies screened, 62 were selected for data extraction. Most studies conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis (98%, n = 61), and only 10% (n = 6) and 3% (n = 2) conducted a cost-benefit and cost-utility analysis, respectively. The majority of studies evaluated sealants (32%, n = 20) and fluoride varnish (24%, n = 15), and only three assessed the cost-effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride. None of the included studies reported the CHEERS item related to community engagement. Moreover, there is a lack of studies among populations from the African region, most low- and lower-middle-income countries, and Indigenous communities. In conclusion, economic evaluations of preventive and MI dental caries procedures among children have increased over the last decade. Nonetheless, these are mostly cost-effectiveness analyses using clinically oriented outcomes, as opposed to patient-centred outcomes. We recommend collaboration with community partners while conducting economic evaluations for mutual capacity building. </p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":9620,"journal":{"name":"Caries Research","volume":" ","pages":"325-338"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12503805/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144943932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}