Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie最新文献

{"title":"Cost and availability of high-dose oral prednisone for management of optic neuritis.","authors":"Afreen Ahmad, Jonathan A Micieli","doi":"10.1016/j.jcjo.2025.03.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjo.2025.03.020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study assesses the cost and availability of 1250 mg of oral prednisone for treatment of optic neuritis across pharmacies in Toronto.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Prospective cross-sectional study PARTICIPANTS: Data collected from 70 pharmacies, across 4 regions in Toronto, Ontario, Canada METHODS: Data were collected from 70 pharmacies on cost and availability for 3- and 5-day courses of prednisone. Pharmacist hesitancy was assessed on the basis of the readiness of the pharmacist to dispense the required dose of medication.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average cost for a 3-day course of prednisone was $29.10 CAD, and for a 5-day course was $40.40 CAD. Availability was lowest in independent pharmacies (23.8%) and highest in chain pharmacies (47.6%). Although no significant association between availability and pharmacy type was found (χ² [1; N = 63] = 3.66; p = 0.06), the direction of the effect still shows an indication of chain pharmacies having higher stock. Chain pharmacies also exhibited the highest cost variability. Finally, 40% of pharmacists had some hesitancy or refused to dispense the appropriate dose.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is limited availability of high-dose prednisone across Toronto, with chain pharmacies offering the highest availability but at a higher cost. There is significant hesitancy about dispensing this prednisone dose among pharmacists. Clinicians should be aware of these trends when prescribing medication for optic neuritis. Neuro-ophthalmologists should aim to develop relationships with pharmacies to improve timely administration of this medication.</p>","PeriodicalId":9606,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143977701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A pilot study on SMILE-derived lenticule patch implantation: stromal augmentation for various corneal pathologies.","authors":"Burak Mergen, Ali Ceylan, Fahri Onur Aydin, Petek Aksöz Bolat, Burcin Kepez Yildiz, Yusuf Yildirim","doi":"10.1016/j.jcjo.2025.03.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjo.2025.03.014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the initial clinical outcomes of a small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE)-derived lenticule patch graft for the management of corneal defects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients who underwent SMILE-derived lenticule patch graft implantation with sutures between 2016 and 2020 at 2 different tertiary-care referral hospitals were evaluated retrospectively. The etiology, logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR)-equivalent best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and globe integrity were evaluated. Additional surgical interventions and secondary surgeries were recorded. The follow-up duration was 1 year.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixteen eyes of 16 patients (9 females and 7 males) were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 48.9 ± 19.6 (range: 24-80) years. The most common underlying etiologies were neurotrophic keratitis (18.7%), penetrating injuries (18.7%), and corneal melting due to inflammatory or rheumatological disorders (18.7%). The etiology was unknown in 4 patients (25.0%). Anatomic success in terms of corneal integrity was achieved in all 16 eyes after the procedure. The mean logMAR BCVA was 1.9 ± 0.8 before the surgery and 1.2 ± 0.7 after the surgery. In 3 patients, amniotic membrane transplantation was performed together with a lenticule patch. After the procedure, penetrating keratoplasty was performed in 4 patients (25.0%) to improve their BCVA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Lenticule patch application to treat corneal defects secondary to various corneal pathologies is effective and reliable for preserving eye integrity. This method is particularly advantageous for patients unable to undergo a cornea transplant under emergency conditions until cornea donor tissue becomes available.</p>","PeriodicalId":9606,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143954133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anomalies of lateral rectus muscle and inferior oblique muscle in exotropia.","authors":"Daiana R Pur, Stephanie L Cote, Inas Makar","doi":"10.1016/j.jcjo.2025.03.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjo.2025.03.015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study details the clinical characteristics of patients undergoing surgery for basic intermittent exotropia (X(T)) or V-pattern exotropia (VXT) who are found to have inferiorly displaced lateral rectus (LR) muscles during surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective review of medical records from 2013 to 2023 included patients who underwent bilateral lateral rectus recession (BLRrec) for X(T) and BLRrec combined with bilateral inferior oblique myectomy, with or without upward LR tendon transposition for VXT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 211 patients, 138 underwent BLRrec, revealing that 42 (30%) had inferiorly displaced LR muscle insertions, notably more common in VXT cases (58% vs 14%). Additionally, 44% of VXT patients exhibited abnormal inferior oblique (IO) muscle anatomy, often alongside inferior LR tendon displacement.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings highlight the prevalence of LR abnormalities in VXT. Awareness of these anatomical variations may be helpful to surgical planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":9606,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143973000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocular surface squamous cell neoplasia: risk factors for aggressive growth behaviour and the role of Ki-67.","authors":"Anna Schuh, Medea Ettl, Siegfried Priglinger, Elisabeth M Messmer, Andreas Ohlmann, Christoph Hintschich","doi":"10.1016/j.jcjo.2025.03.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjo.2025.03.018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Analyzing characteristics of ocular surface squamous cell neoplasia (OSSN) at first diagnosis and potential risk factors for aggressive growth behaviour.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Including patients with first diagnosis of OSSN at a tertiary center from 2013 until 2022. Cases were analyzed regarding demographics, clinical findings, and histopathological findings, including Ki-67 expression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 153 patients with first diagnosis of histopathological confirmed OSSN were included. Mean age was 72 years (36-98), with a slight male predominance (66%; n = 101). Most patients had invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC; 45.8%, 70), followed by carcinoma in situ (CIS; 37.9%, 58) and epithelial dysplasia (ED; 16.3%, 25). Duration of symptoms varied significantly: ED 6 months (0-36), CIS 1.5 (0-48), SCC 3 (0-36) (p = 0.048). 44.3% (51/115) of cases were previously misdiagnosed, and, therefore, inadequately treated. Orbital involvement was observed in 8.5% (13), intraocular in 1.3% (2), metastasis in 2.7% (4) at initial diagnosis. Ki-67 labeling index (LI) varied significantly across subtypes: ED 35% (2-87%), CIS 45% (11-85%), SCC 50% (18-93%) (p = 0.007) and was higher with involvement of the caruncle, lower fornix, lower eyelid margin, or tarsus (p = 0.023). Patients with globe or orbit invasion had significantly longer median symptom duration (6 months (0-48) vs 2 (0-48); p = 0.01). Patients with metastasis exhibited significantly higher Ki-67 LI (p = 0.027).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study found extended time intervals from first symptoms to first correct diagnosis correlate with higher risk for advanced SCC. Further, elevated Ki-67 LI correlated with more invasive tumor entities, such as SCC and CIS, and indicate an increased risk of metastasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9606,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143977287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical outcomes of small and medium macular holes with or without use of internal limiting membrane flaps.","authors":"Carolin Aizouki, Weilin Qiu, Graeme K Loh, Mark D J Greve, Matthew T S Tennant, Parampal S Grewal, Mark E Seamone, Amit V Mishra","doi":"10.1016/j.jcjo.2025.03.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjo.2025.03.012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to evaluate the long-term visual and anatomical outcomes of the inverted flap technique in small-to-medium sized macular holes (MH).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective chart review.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Consecutive patients who underwent macular hole surgery at a single retina center in Alberta, Canada.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Macular hole surgeries were stratified on the basis of size. Postsurgical visual outcomes and hole closure rates were captured. Large holes were excluded from analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 239 medium and 252 small holes were included; 65 medium and 40 small holes had internal limited membrane (ILM) flaps. In the small MH group, mean hole size was 170.7 μm, and visual gain averaged 6.4 ETDRS letters, with no significant difference based on surgical technique (p = 0.7). All small holes closed with ILM flapping with 4 (2%) of the ILM peels not closing, this was not significant (p = 0.4). In medium MH, mean hole size was 320.9 μm, and visual gain averaged 11.9 ETDRS letters, with no significant difference based on surgical technique (p = 0.5). All medium holes closed with ILM flapping, with 8 (5%) of the standard ILM peel not closing; this was not significant (p = 0.08).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There was no significant difference in either surgical closure rates or visual acuity gains when comparing ILM peeling to the flap technique for both small and medium-sized MH.</p>","PeriodicalId":9606,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143980444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Choroidal sarcoidosis preceding systemic sarcoidosis by 11 years.","authors":"Jonathan L Martin, Deepthi E Kurian, Carol L Shields","doi":"10.1016/j.jcjo.2025.03.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjo.2025.03.013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9606,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143976023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of diplopia referrals in a tertiary neuro-ophthalmology center.","authors":"Mariam Issa, Milena Cioana, Marko M Popovic, Laura Donaldson, Jonathan Micieli, Edward Margolin","doi":"10.1016/j.jcjo.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcjo.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the potential for morbidity and mortality in patients referred to a tertiary neuro-ophthalmology service for evaluation of diplopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective chart review of all patients seen by to a tertiary neuro-ophthalmologists in a tertiary neuro-ophthalmology practice between December 2, 2021, and May 21, 2022, was performed. All patients who were referred for diplopia were included. The primary outcome was to describe the potential for vision loss, progression of symptoms, or systemic morbidity or mortality without a neuro-ophthalmic consult.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred ninety-six patients were referred for diplopia. The mean age at presentation was 61.3 ± 17.0 years, and 48.5% were women. The most common final diagnosis reached following neuro-ophthalmology consultation were cranial nerve palsies (38.3%, 75/196), convergence insufficiency and decompensated phoria (22.4%, 44/196), non-neuro-ophthalmic causes (19.9%, 39/196), thyroid eye disease (4.5%, 9/196), myasthenia gravis (3.5%, 7/196), and multiple sclerosis (6/196, 3.1%). On the basis of final diagnosis, 15.3% of patients referred to the neuro-ophthalmology service for diplopia had the potential for morbidity or mortality. Specifically, 1% (2/196) were at risk for visual loss due severe papilledema in the context of untreated idiopathic intracranial hypertension, and 3.0% (6/196) had the potential for systemic morbidity or mortality due to their final diagnosis (brain aneurysms in 2/196, pituitary apoplexy in 1/196, anaplastic glioma in 1/196, and other malignancy in 2/196). In addition, 11.2% (22/196) had the potential for progression of symptoms and systemic morbidity due to thyroid eye disease (9/196), myasthenia gravis (7/196), and multiple sclerosis (6/196). Of the patients who had a prereferral neuroimaging study, 30.1% required additional neuroimaging after neuro-ophthalmic consultation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, 15.3% (30/196) of patients with diplopia had potential for morbidity and mortality without neuro-ophthalmic consultation. This study emphasizes the importance of urgent neuro-ophthalmologic referral for patients with diplopia to allow for appropriate evaluation and investigations to reduce potential morbidity and mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":9606,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143708654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors associated with disease relapse in healing/healed arterial injury and biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis.","authors":"Wei Sim, Jack Mouhanna, Danah Albreiki","doi":"10.1016/j.jcjo.2025.03.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcjo.2025.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare characteristics of relapses in patients with biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis (GCA) and healing/healed (HH) arterial injury on temporal artery biopsy (TAB).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Single-centre, retrospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>One hundred thirty-five consecutive patients with GCA-positive or HH arterial injury on TAB and minimum 12-month follow-up from January 2009 to December 2018.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinical characteristics and serological markers were evaluated for their potential as risk factors for symptomatic or biochemical relapses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Relapse rates were 16.9% and 25.7% in the HH and GCA-positive groups, respectively (p = 0.21). Median length of follow-up was 34.8 months in the HH group and 36.6 months in the GCA-positive group. No statistically significant difference between groups with respect to time to relapse, steroid doses at relapse, and presence of symptoms and elevated biomarkers at relapse. In GCA-positive patients, aortitis was associated with relapse (p = 0.050) and with earlier relapse rates (p = 0.007). Aortitis (HR 7.96; p = 0.007) and jaw claudication (HR 5.08; p = 0.019) were found to be independent risk factors for relapse. In HH arterial injury patients, aortitis and aortic aneurysm were associated with earlier relapses (p = 0.044 and p = 0.047, respectively) and were associated with disease relapses on univariable analysis (p = 0.044 and p = 0.047, respectively) but not on multivariable analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The presence of large-vessel vasculitis is associated with disease relapse in both HH and GCA-positive biopsy patients. Similar relapse characteristics between both HH and biopsy-proven patients may suggest that clinicians manage these patients similarly in context of clinical history rather than modify management purely based on pathology findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":9606,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of a new cell phone application for quick screening of relative afferent pupillary defect.","authors":"Guillaume Lavertu, Maxime Tremblay, Reinemary Michael, Eunice You, Guillaume Chabot","doi":"10.1016/j.jcjo.2025.03.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcjo.2025.03.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The swinging-flashlight test for relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) detection is an important clinical tool in ophthalmology that may be incorrectly performed by general healthcare providers. We designed an affordable, accessible, and easy-to-use cell phone application to screen patients for RAPD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We created machine-learning software that locates, segments, tracks, and quantifies the kinetic response of the pupils with the goal of identifying RAPD. We tested our application on recordings of 547 participants and compared the software performance against evaluations made by a neuro-ophthalmologist, enabling us to determine the specificity and sensitivity of our software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified a RAPD prevalence of 5.84% in our specific population. When comparing videos that were classified as having a RAPD (RAPD+) and having no RAPD (RAPD-), we found a clear difference in kinetic response of the pupil (RAPD+: mean 0.40 ± 0.17; RAPD-: mean 0.76 ± 0.17; p < 0.001). Our method has a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 85%. Given a RAPD prevalence of 5.84% in our group, the software yields a positive predictive value of 28% and a negative predictive value of 99.5%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We created an efficient screening tool to assist clinicians and medical staff, who may not be accustomed to performing swinging-flashlight tests, in detecting RAPD by using a readily available cell phone application.</p>","PeriodicalId":9606,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143802564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relative exophthalmos in facial nerve palsy.","authors":"Nishita T Sheth, Irene T Lee, Sandra S Stinnett, Julie Woodward, Richard C Allen, Christopher R Dermarkarian","doi":"10.1016/j.jcjo.2025.02.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcjo.2025.02.017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>While ocular manifestations of facial nerve palsy, such as lagophthalmos are well known, there is limited knowledge on whether CN 7 palsy impacts globe positioning and its implications on symptoms and management. We hypothesize that CN 7 palsy is associated with ipsilateral exophthalmos.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis of 500 patients diagnosed with facial nerve disorders, identified by ICD codes G51.0-G51.9, was conducted at a tertiary health care facility from January to November 2023. Patients were included if they had a diagnosis of unilateral facial nerve (CN 7) palsy and available computed tomography (CT) imaging after diagnosis. Patients under 18 years, those with bilateral CN 7 palsy, or with CT images of poor resolution were excluded. Axial position of the globe was measured on CT scans using 2 methods, both previously shown to correlate with Hertel exophthalmometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 500 charts reviewed, 55 patients met inclusion criteria. 55% (n = 30) of patients were male, and 58% (n = 32) had right-sided CN 7 palsy. The predominant etiology was acute Bell's palsy 76% (n = 42). CT measurements revealed a statistically significant relative exophthalmos on the side affected by CN 7 palsy, measuring an average of 0.89 mm (Method 1) and 0.92 mm (Method 2) (both methods p < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study is the first to highlight changes in ocular globe position in CN 7 palsies. The observed exophthalmos highlights the importance of assessing globe position in ophthalmologic management of the disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":9606,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143699624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}