Oral Oncology Reports最新文献

{"title":"AI-driven biomarker discovery for early diagnosis and prognosis in oral oncology","authors":"Suresh Munnangi,&nbsp;Satheeskumar R","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2025.100749","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2025.100749","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents an AI-powered multi-omics framework for early detection and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), integrating genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data through advanced deep learning architectures. Analysing 1527 OSCC samples from TCGA and GEO databases, we developed a novel multimodal pipeline combining: (1) graph neural networks for heterogeneous data fusion, (2) LASSO regression for robust feature selection, and (3) explainable AI (SHAP, attention mechanisms) for clinical transparency. Our CNN-based diagnostic model demonstrated exceptional performance (accuracy: 93.2 %, 95 % CI: 91.4–94.7; sensitivity: 91.5 % for Stage I tumours; AUC: 0.96), significantly surpassing conventional histopathology (p &lt; 0.001). Three clinically validated biomarker panels were established: (i) a diagnostic panel (TP53/CDKN2A/EGFR, 94.1 % specificity), (ii) an HPV-associated prognostic panel (P16/RB1/E2F1), and (iii) a metastasis prediction panel (TWIST1/VIM/CDH1, C-index = 0.82). Prospective validation in 412 patients showed 43 % reduction in false negatives (15.2 %–8.7 %) with 82 % pathologist concordance. The modular platform addresses critical clinical needs: high-risk screening, therapeutic decision support, and intraoperative margin assessment. IRB-approved implementation confirms real-world viability, positioning this framework as a transformative tool for OSCC precision oncology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100749"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144070941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering oral cancer subtypes: Integrating differential gene expression and pathway analysis followed by non-negative matrix factorization transcription analysis","authors":"Anoop Kumar Tiwari ,&nbsp;Devansh Jain ,&nbsp;Jayesh Kumar Tiwari ,&nbsp;Shyam Kishore ,&nbsp;Akhilesh Kumar Singh ,&nbsp;Sushant Kumar Shrivastava ,&nbsp;Arun Khattri","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2025.100735","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2025.100735","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oral cancer is a major public health concern around the globe, and its classification relies on factors such as habitual status and tumor stages. However, a significant gap exists in understanding oral cancer patients' molecular and genomic characteristics. This study aims to bridge this gap by analyzing International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC's) oral cancer data, which identified 2270 differentially expressed genes related to oral cancer. We employed pathway enrichment analysis, highlighting key pathways including hypoxia, VEGF, PI3K, and TGF-β, and STAT2, E2F4, and SP1 transcription factors enriched in tumor samples compared to normal samples. Moreover, we utilized a non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) technique for unsupervised subtype discovery and identified three distinct tumor subgroups. Each subgroup exhibited unique molecular profiles, with pathways related to TNF-α, NF-κB, and hypoxia enriched across all groups. Notably, transcription factor analysis revealed crucial differences: subgroup A was enriched in EGR1, TP53, and HIF1A; subgroup B showed high levels of CDX2 and HNF4A; while subgroup C was characterized by enrichment in ATF4 and E2F4. These findings suggest the feasibility of classifying oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients based on gene expression profiles, laying a foundational framework for future research aimed at personalized treatment strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100735"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypofractionated adjuvant radiotherapy in cutaneous squamous cell and basal cell carcinoma of the head and neck: 50(Gy) in 20 study","authors":"Marcus Hu ,&nbsp;Howard Liu ,&nbsp;Anne Bernard ,&nbsp;Michael Efendy ,&nbsp;Sandro V. Porceddu","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2025.100732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2025.100732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To assess clinical outcomes and tolerability of patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the head and neck region, treated with adjuvant radiotherapy prescribed to a moderately hypofractionated regimen of 50Gy in 20 fractions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods and materials</h3><div>Eligibility for this retrospective study included patients with cutaneous SCC and BCC of the head and neck who received adjuvant radiotherapy to a dose of 50Gy in 20 fractions (2.5Gy per fraction) between 1/1/2007 and 31/12/2019 at a tertiary Queensland hospital. Primary endpoint was freedom from local failure (FFLF). Secondary outcomes were loco-regional recurrence-free survival (LRRFS), overall survival (OS) and toxicity rates. Acute toxicities were retrospectively collected and reported according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v4.0.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 126 patients were evaluated in this study with a median follow up period of 19.7 months (interquartile range 1.63–121.03). The median age was 68.3 years old. Twenty-six patients were immunosuppressed. Predominant histopathology was SCC (63.5 %). The majority were staged pT1-2 (74.6 %), and clinically or pathologically N0 (96.8 %). 122 patients received adjuvant radiotherapy to the primary tumour bed, and four patients received treatment both the primary and nodal region. FFLF was 95.8 % and 92.2 % at 2 and 5 years, respectively. No statistically significant clinico-pathological factors were prognostic of FFLF. LRRFS was 90.5 % at 2 years and 83.1 % at 5 years. OS was 88.7 % at 2 years and 69.9 % at 5 years. Five of the 21 deaths were related to the index cutaneous carcinoma. Grade 3 radiation dermatitis and mucositis occurred in 13.5 % and 4.0 % of patients, respectively. There were no grade 4/5 toxicities. Four patients required treatment breaks, of which two were planned breaks. No patient required enteral feeding during their RT course.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This is the largest series to date evaluating a single moderately hypofractionated adjuvant radiotherapy regimen for cutaneous SCC and BCC of the head and neck. This regimen was associated with high locoregional control and was well tolerated. A moderately hypofractionated course of adjuvant radiotherapy in cutaneous SCC and BCC can be a suitable option to reduce treatment duration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100732"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143576889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dysregulation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Pathways, mutations, and therapeutic opportunities","authors":"Santhakumar Egambaram ,&nbsp;Mohamed Rizwan Ghouse ,&nbsp;Anishkiran Balasundar,&nbsp;Rajesh Parsanathan","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2025.100726","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2025.100726","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase <strong>(</strong>G6PD) deficiency, the most common human enzyme defect, confers malaria resistance and is linked to reduced cancer risk. Its upregulation in malignancies suggests a critical role in tumour progression. This study examines G6PD in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), focusing on its expression, genetic alterations, interactions, and therapeutic potential.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Bioinformatics tools, including UALCAN, Human Protein Atlas, GEPIA2, cBioPortal, muTarget, GeneMANIA, Cancer Hallmarks, and GSCA, were used to analyse expression, survival, genomic alterations, protein interactions, pathway enrichment, and drug sensitivity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>G6PD is significantly upregulated in HNSCC, correlating with poor overall and disease-free survival. Genomic alterations predominantly involve amplification, while regulatory mutations in NFE2L2 and KEAP1 increase expression, and mutations in HRAS and TACC2 reduce it. Protein interaction analysis links G6PD to oxidative stress, tumour metabolism, and cell migration, with key interactions involving NFE2L2 and HRAS. Enrichment analysis associates G6PD with metastasis, immune evasion, and metabolic reprogramming. Drug sensitivity analysis reveals a complex relationship between G6PD expression and therapeutic response.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>G6PD is critical in HNSCC progression and may serve as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target. Further experimental validation is required to explore G6PD inhibition as a treatment strategy, highlighting the importance of metabolic reprogramming in cancer therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100726"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143474822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synchronous or metachronous metastatic cutaneous cell carcinoma and lymphoma/cronic lymphocytic leukaemia: Considerations for management","authors":"Valentina Terenzi ,&nbsp;Veronica Clemenzi ,&nbsp;Salvatore Martellucci ,&nbsp;Andrea Stolfa ,&nbsp;Fiorenza Dal Cortivo ,&nbsp;Danilo Di Giorgio ,&nbsp;Alberto DellAquila ,&nbsp;Mattia Di Bartolomeo ,&nbsp;Marco Della Monaca ,&nbsp;Andrea Battisti ,&nbsp;Paolo Priore ,&nbsp;Andrea Gallo ,&nbsp;Valentino Valentini ,&nbsp;Giulio Pagliuca","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is not uncommon in patients affected by malignant lymphoma, mostly in elderly; the contemporary management of these diseases presents some difficulties, since they require different modalities of treatment. Only small case series and single case report are described in literature about synchronous or metachronous metastatic cutaneous cell carcinoma and lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukaemia; in addiction, we report our experience in order to illustrate difficulties encountered in the management of these patients. We conclude that these patients need a close follow-up, and that US-guided FNAC and ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET in addiction to MRI are useful for staging. cSCC, having a poorer prognosis, has to be treated first; nevertheless, mortality in these patients is obviously higher than expected in immunocompetent people.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100703"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143145767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Value of alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC): An immunohistochemical approach to tumor stroma categorization and clinicopathological parameters","authors":"Heba E.M. Youssef ,&nbsp;Basant Hamdy AbouZaid","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2025.100718","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2025.100718","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The aggressive behavior of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is not only a cancer-cell centered issue, but also affected by tumor stroma. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the most abundant component of tumor stroma that can direct tumorigenesis. Alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression by stromal CAFs is linked to higher aggressive tumor behavior and poor prognosis. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is one of the main enzymes producing the free radical, nitric oxide in response to various stimuli. Its increased expression revealed several pro-tumorigenic effects. This study was undertaken to address the expression of α-SMA and iNOS in OSCC in relation to tumor stroma type and degree of tumor cell differentiation.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>Thirty-two archival specimens of OSCC were stained immunohistochemically with <em>anti</em>-α-SMA and <em>anti</em>-iNOS. Stromal categorization was performed according to the ratio between α-SMA positive areas and the density of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. The immunohistochemical score of iNOS was evaluated semi-quantitatively. Finally, correlations between stroma category, iNOS expression and different clinicopathological parameters were performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our results revealed a significant positive correlation between advanced histopathologic grade and the higher stromal category (P = 0.02). Additionally, increased stroma category was significantly associated with advanced clinical stage (P = 0.001) and nodal involvement (P = 0.05). Likewise, iNOS expression was significantly correlated with worsened histopathological grade (P = 0.008) and clinical stage of tumors (P = 0.01).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Combining the assessment of stroma category and iNOS expression offers a more comprehensive tumor microenvironment profile in OSCC, surpassing single-parameter approaches focused solely on tumor or stromal characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100718"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143265498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HPV status and staging in oropharyngeal carcinoma: A review of recent AJCC/UICC revisions","authors":"Madhan Krishnan ,&nbsp;Sharan Basappa ,&nbsp;Shyamaladevi Babu ,&nbsp;Sandhya P","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The incidence of oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC) has been rising, particularly among HPV-positive patients, prompting a reevaluation of clinical staging practices. Recent revisions to the AJCC/UICC staging systems have recognized the distinct biological behavior associated with HPV-positive tumors, highlighting the necessity for tailored staging criteria that better reflect their unique prognostic characteristics. This review discusses the implications of HPV status on the clinical staging of oropharyngeal carcinoma, focusing on how these revisions influence prognosis and treatment strategies. The differential outcomes observed between HPV-positive and HPV-negative patients necessitate a more nuanced approach to management, advocating for personalized treatment plans that consider the specific tumor biology. Additionally, we explore the ongoing research efforts aimed at further refining staging criteria, including the identification of relevant biomarkers and the integration of advanced imaging techniques. As our understanding of HPV's role in cancer biology continues to evolve, it is imperative that our approaches to staging and management adapt accordingly. Ultimately, these revisions and the accompanying research will contribute to improved patient outcomes and more effective therapeutic interventions in the increasingly prevalent landscape of oropharyngeal carcinoma.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100694"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143145776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A fight against cancer with advancement of Schiff base metal complexes: Future prospects","authors":"Monika Tyagi,&nbsp;Monika Dubey","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cancer remains a formidable global health challenge, demanding continuous efforts to develop innovative and effective therapeutic strategies. Recently, Schiff base metal complexes (SBMCs) have attracted considerable interest as potential anticancer agents because of their varied chemical properties and promising biological activities. This comprehensive review delves the latest advancements in the use of SBMCs in cancer therapy. It covers the synthesis and characterization of these complexes, their mechanisms of action, and their potential advantages over conventional chemotherapy. Furthermore, the review discusses challenges and future perspectives in utilizing SBMCs to enhance cancer treatment outcomes, paving the way for a more targeted and personalized approach in the fight against cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100692"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral potentially malignant disorders: Challenges for patient participation due to opacity","authors":"Brenda Bogaert","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2025.100731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2025.100731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Opacity – or the lack of transparency - impacts patients' ability to participate in and contribute to decision-making. This contribution examines how opacity affects patient engagement in the context of oral potentially malignant disorders. The discussion focuses on three key areas: the effects of unclear disease classifications on patient perceptions of their health; the ways in which ambiguous healthcare pathways create barriers for both patients and providers; and the broader impact of opacity on patient autonomy. The conclusion explores strategies to reduce or mitigate these challenges, including fostering epistemic networks for patients and healthcare providers and embracing the value of humility in care work.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100731"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI-driven diagnostics and personalized treatment planning in oral oncology: Innovations and future directions","authors":"R. Satheeskumar","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100704","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing incidence and complexity of oral cancers demand advancements in both diagnostic precision and individualized treatment strategies. This study investigates the application of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly through deep learning and machine learning models, to enhance diagnostic accuracy and support personalized treatment planning in oral oncology. Recent advancements in AI-driven diagnostics, particularly using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Vision Transformers (ViTs), have significantly improved early detection and treatment prediction for oral cancer. By integrating datasets from medical imaging, clinical records, and histopathological profiles, our AI-driven models achieved a diagnostic accuracy of 93 %, with a sensitivity of 91 % and specificity of 94 %, surpassing traditional diagnostic approaches. Furthermore, our treatment prediction models, employing patient-specific tumour characteristics and clinical variables, demonstrated an 87 % accuracy in forecasting optimal therapeutic responses, effectively tailoring treatment strategies to individual patients. These findings underscore AI's transformative potential in oral oncology, providing a foundation for improved patient outcomes and paving the way for future innovations in personalized medicine, as highlighted by recent studies in the field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100704"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143145815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}