Oral Oncology Reports最新文献_第5页

PD-L1 mediated immune escape in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Impact of LMP1 and IFN-γ on immune surveillance 鼻咽癌中 PD-L1 介导的免疫逃逸：LMP1 和 IFN-γ 对免疫监视的影响

Oral Oncology Reports Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.oor.2024.100688

Madhan Krishnan , Aruna Jothi shanmugam , Shyamaladevi Babu

{"title":"PD-L1 mediated immune escape in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Impact of LMP1 and IFN-γ on immune surveillance","authors":"Madhan Krishnan , Aruna Jothi shanmugam , Shyamaladevi Babu","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100688","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100688","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a distinct malignancy in head and neck cancer, notably linked to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections in regions with high prevalence. NPC's tumor microenvironment fosters immune escape mechanisms that support tumor cell survival, with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) as a key player. PD-L1 expression on NPC cells binds to the programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor on T cells, thereby creating an immunosuppressive environment that impairs immune surveillance. Two significant modulators of PD-L1 expression in NPC include the EBV-encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) and the immune cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Together, they contribute to the intricate regulation of PD-L1, enhancing immune evasion and complicating the landscape for effective treatment approaches. This review explores the molecular mechanisms underlying PD-L1 upregulation, focusing on LMP1's activation of the NF-κB and JAK/STAT pathways and IFN-γ′s paradoxical role in facilitating immune escape. Clinical evidence indicates that PD-L1 expression correlates with poor prognosis and resistance to standard therapies in NPC patients. Understanding these regulatory pathways may inform potential therapeutic strategies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, combination therapies, and novel immune-based approaches tailored to NPC's unique etiology. By providing a comprehensive synthesis of existing studies, this review highlights the interplay between PD-L1, LMP1, and IFN-γ, offering a framework for innovative therapeutic strategies targeting immune escape mechanisms. Identifying patients most likely to benefit from immune-targeted approaches and leveraging combination treatments could improve outcomes for NPC patients facing advanced or resistant disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100688"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of the mean dose of the pharyngeal constrictor muscles (as one organ) as a part of DARS and its effect on dysphagia in IMRT treated head and neck cancer patients

Oral Oncology Reports Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.oor.2024.100689

May Gamal Ashour , Tarek Hamed Shouman , Ashraf Hamed Hassouna , Maha Hassan Mokhtar , Dalia Abdelfatah

{"title":"Assessment of the mean dose of the pharyngeal constrictor muscles (as one organ) as a part of DARS and its effect on dysphagia in IMRT treated head and neck cancer patients","authors":"May Gamal Ashour , Tarek Hamed Shouman , Ashraf Hamed Hassouna , Maha Hassan Mokhtar , Dalia Abdelfatah","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To assess the mean dose the pharyngeal constrictor muscle (PCM) received and its effect on dysphagia and develop a cut-off value for its occurrence.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>116 patients with head and neck cancer who required bilateral neck irradiation treated using the simultaneous integrated boost IMRT technique were retrospectively evaluated. Pharyngeal constrictor (superior, middle, inferior) and cricopharyngeus and esophageal inlet muscles (cricopharyngeal inlet) were considered dysphagia/aspiration-related structures (DARS) and were summated as one organ at risk structure PCM. PlanPCM consists of the sum of one or multiple pharyngeal constrictor muscles away from high-risk volumes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>This study enrolled 116 patients (37 female, 79 male), mean age of 51 years. The mean dose to PCM was 51.37 Gy ± SD (range, 30.08–63.86 Gy). The severity of dysphagia correlated significantly with the dose received by PlanPCM (p < 0.001). The mean dose to PlanPCM in the nasopharyngeal primary was 53.3 Gy (Range 44–63.5 Gy), while it was 45.4 Gy (Range 30.1–56.3 Gy) for laryngeal primaries. Our findings indicated that a dose exceeding 50 Gy to the PlanPCM was more likely associated with high occurrence of dysphagia at one year after the completion of treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>We reported that PCM delineation as a single structure with sparing the part outside the high risk volumes is more reproducible and leads to the same outcomes if delineated separately.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100689"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143145771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neoadjuvant immunotherapy in advanced oral cancer: Emerging treatment paradigms 晚期口腔癌的新辅助免疫疗法：新兴治疗范例

Oral Oncology Reports Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.oor.2024.100683

Ankit Vishwani, Bipin Thomas Varghese, Shaji Thomas, Ashima Kumar, Japneet Kaur, Anukampa Sharma

{"title":"Neoadjuvant immunotherapy in advanced oral cancer: Emerging treatment paradigms","authors":"Ankit Vishwani, Bipin Thomas Varghese, Shaji Thomas, Ashima Kumar, Japneet Kaur, Anukampa Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100683","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100683","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Locally advanced borderline resectable oral cancer poses significant treatment challenges due to its infiltrative nature and high relapse rates, leading to poor prognosis. Neoadjuvant immunotherapy may offer a novel therapeutic approach, potentially altering the standard of care for advanced oral cancer<strong>.</strong></div></div><div><h3>Case report</h3><div>Two patients with locally advanced tongue cancer, initially deemed inoperable, were treated with neoadjuvant immunotherapy. The first patient received 4 cycles of taxane, cisplatin, and pembrolizumab, while the second received 12 cycles of nivolumab and methotrexate. Both patients exhibited excellent clinical responses at the primary site and in regional lymph nodes. Following treatment, one patient underwent primary closure, and the other had a nasolabial flap with marginal mandibulectomy. Intraoperative frozen sections indicated tumor-free margins in both cases.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These two cases underscore the potential of neoadjuvant immunotherapy in managing borderline resectable oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), initially deemed inoperable. The favorable outcomes highlight the need for more research and clinical trials to further assess the efficacy of this approach in head and neck cancers. In this review, we explore the scientific rationale, current clinical evidence, and key debated topics, including the evaluation of pathological and radiological responses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100683"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Epigenetic alterations in oral cancer: Mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic targets 口腔癌的表观遗传学改变：机制、生物标记物和治疗目标

Oral Oncology Reports Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.oor.2024.100681

Madhan Krishnan , Sharan Basappa , Shyamaladevi Babu

引用次数: 0

Head and neck cancer treatment delays in 2021: Estimating distributional effects by site, surgery, and p16-positivity 2021 年头颈癌治疗延迟：按部位、手术和 p16 阳性率估算分布效应

Oral Oncology Reports Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.oor.2024.100682

Jason Semprini , Kiran Marla

{"title":"Head and neck cancer treatment delays in 2021: Estimating distributional effects by site, surgery, and p16-positivity","authors":"Jason Semprini , Kiran Marla","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100682","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100682","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Following decades of policies increasing access to high-quality cancer treatment, the COVID-19 pandemic upended the U.S. healthcare system. The pandemic's disruption likely affected an often-overlooked dimension of quality cancer treatment: timely initiation. Timely treatment initiation is especially critical for head and neck cancer (HNC). We aimed to assess how the treatment interval (diagnosis to treatment initiation) changed in 2021 for different types of HNCs and treatment modalities.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>We analyzed Surveillance, Epidemiological, End Results (SEER) case data for years 2007–2021. Using ICD site codes, cancers were restricted to oropharynx, oral cavity, other pharynx, larynx. Oropharynx cancers were stratified by Human Papillomavirus (HPV) subtype based on p16-positivity codes. The outcome of interest was a variable measuring the number of days from diagnosis to treatment initiation. Cases were stratified by site and whether they received surgery as first course of treatment. To overcome validity threats from skewed treatment interval data and unobserved heterogeneity, we constructed an unconditional quantile regression model to estimate the effect of treatment in 2021 across the distribution of the treatment interval.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>155,273 patients in SEER initiated HNC treatment between 2007 and 2021. The median treatment interval was 29 days (Interquartile Range = 2–48). Among patients not receiving surgery, 2021 was associated with delayed treatment for all sites except oral cavity. For patients receiving surgery, 2021 was only associated with delayed treatment for p16+ Oropharynx cancer.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>HNC patients overall, but HPV+ Oropharynx cancer patients especially, experienced treatment delays in 2021. These delays, and their consequences, warrant policymaking attention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100682"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparative evaluation of DNA synthesis for qPCR analysis from oral squamous cell carcinoma tissues - A rapid and robust isolation technique for gene expression studies 用于口腔鳞状细胞癌组织 qPCR 分析的 DNA 合成比较评估 - 一种用于基因表达研究的快速、稳健的分离技术

Oral Oncology Reports Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.oor.2024.100677

Ramya Mahalingam , Vivek Narayanan , Magesh Karuppur Thiagarajan , T. Jayaprakash , K.V. Leela

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of DNA synthesis for qPCR analysis from oral squamous cell carcinoma tissues - A rapid and robust isolation technique for gene expression studies","authors":"Ramya Mahalingam , Vivek Narayanan , Magesh Karuppur Thiagarajan , T. Jayaprakash , K.V. Leela","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100677","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100677","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>DNA isolation from biological materials is the initial step in several bioanalytical processes, including the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This procedure works best with pure DNA devoid of potential amplification reaction inhibitors. Since the quantity and quality of biological samples are limited, it is essential to extract as much DNA as possible from the original sample. The solid-phase extraction technique is frequently used to purify DNA. In this process, the DNA is adsorbed onto a solid support, any contaminants from the reaction are eliminated by washing, and the purified DNA is then eluted from the support. The quality and concentration of DNA have a direct effect on the gene analysis procedure. Therefore, before interpreting the results of PCR-based diagnostic assays, it is imperative to confirm the DNA preparation and integrity, particularly if no pathogenic DNA is identified.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comparative study was carried out using two standardized protocols for DNA synthesis in comparison with a test protocol incorporating carrier RNA and proteinase K from a viral detection kit. The quality and quantity of the synthesized DNA are assessed by qPCR analysis for gene amplification of metastasis suppressor genes NDRG1, RhoGDI, and KISS 1.</div></div><div><h3>Results and conclusion</h3><div>The test protocol showed higher yields of DNA in comparison to the standard protocol. The concentration of DNA obtained was validated by the concentration of gene expressed from q PCR analysis. The gene expression was significantly higher when the test protocol method was followed for DNA synthesis. Thus the study validates the potential of nucleic acid carrier RNA molecules to improve DNA extraction processes used in tissue samples for gene analysis procedures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100677"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Immune checkpoint inhibition in NPC: A comprehensive review of PD-L1 overexpression and treatment responses 鼻咽癌的免疫检查点抑制：PD-L1过表达和治疗反应综述

Oral Oncology Reports Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.oor.2024.100680

Madhan Krishnan , Sharan Basappa , M.V. Vinaya Kumar , Gayathri Sekar

{"title":"Immune checkpoint inhibition in NPC: A comprehensive review of PD-L1 overexpression and treatment responses","authors":"Madhan Krishnan , Sharan Basappa , M.V. Vinaya Kumar , Gayathri Sekar","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100680","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100680","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a distinct type of cancer that affects the head and neck region, and it is notably linked to infection with the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), particularly in endemic regions such as Southeast Asia and Southern China. Despite advances in the conventional care for NPC, including radiation and chemotherapy, the prognosis remains poor for individuals with relapsed or metastatic stages of the disease. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), particularly those targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, have emerged as an optimistic therapeutic option. PD-L1 overexpression in NPC contributes to immune avoidance and correlates in relation to these immunotherapies. This review comprehensively explores PD-L1 expression in NPC and its role in tumor immune escape, along with a detailed analysis of clinical trials investigating PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. While PD-L1 overexpression is associated with better responses to ICIs, resistance mechanisms and the complex tumor microenvironment (TME) limit their overall efficacy. We will address these barriers and highlight future directions for improving outcomes, including combination therapies, novel biomarkers, and personalized approaches to treatment. With ongoing research and clinical trials, immune checkpoint inhibition holds great potential to revolutionize NPC therapy, offering hope for improved sustained survival rates and overall well-being for individuals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100680"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Digitally made nasal prosthesis: A new frontier in facial reconstruction - Case report 数字化鼻假体：面部重建的新领域 - 病例报告

Oral Oncology Reports Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.oor.2024.100679

Angel Rose Amalraj, Muthukumar Balasubramanium, Vishal Reddy, Ahila Singaravel Chidambaranathan, Peter John

{"title":"Digitally made nasal prosthesis: A new frontier in facial reconstruction - Case report","authors":"Angel Rose Amalraj, Muthukumar Balasubramanium, Vishal Reddy, Ahila Singaravel Chidambaranathan, Peter John","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100679","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2024.100679","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Worldwide, millions of people experience sickness, trauma, or birth defects that negatively impact their social interactions, career, finances, mental health, and overall quality of life. When anatomical portions where plastic surgery is not appropriate or too expensive are given new functions and aesthetics, prostheses improve the quality of life for most affected individuals. The production of prosthesis items could benefit from 3D printing as a viable method to address the drawbacks of traditional construction, including lack of attachment, function, robustness, aesthetics, and cost. But prosthetic material 3D printing is still in its infancy and faces several obstacles, including low mechanical strength in printed parts, printability problems, restricted 3D printing of appropriate prosthesis materials, and flaws.</div></div><div><h3>Case report</h3><div>53 years old male reported with a complaint of a missing nose. The nasal defect was postsurgical following total rhinectomy for squamous cell carcinoma. The patient was treated for Grade 2 squamous cell carcinoma. Patient underwent total rhinectomy and rehabilitated with forehead rotation flap and split thickness graft cover. Then the defect was rehabilitated through digital procedure for creating nasal prosthesis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Digital technology is changing prosthetic design and manufacture by combining precision, personalisation, and efficiency, providing new hope and a higher quality of life for individuals who have had their noses surgically removed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100679"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Oral cancer: Recent breakthroughs in pathology and therapeutic approaches 口腔癌：病理学和治疗方法的最新突破

Oral Oncology Reports Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.oor.2024.100678

Surekha Ramachandran

引用次数: 0

Journey of Exosomes in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) 口腔鳞状细胞癌（OSCC）中的外泌体之旅

Oral Oncology Reports Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.oor.2024.100674

Raman Dineja, R. Ashwini

引用次数: 0