Oral Oncology Reports最新文献

{"title":"Combining immunotherapy and AlphaFold to improve outcomes in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) treatment","authors":"Lucas Alves da Mota Santana , Rajiv Gandhi Gopalsamy , Sasikumar Ponnusamy , Leandro Napier de Souza , Cleverson Luciano Trento , Wilton Mitsunari Takeshita , Lysandro Pinto Borges","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2026.100785","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2026.100785","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100785"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence in oral cancer: a feasibility study informed by Freud's case","authors":"Michael Truppe ,&nbsp;Kurt Schicho ,&nbsp;Michael Figl ,&nbsp;Simone Holawe ,&nbsp;Christos Perisanidis","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2025.100773","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2025.100773","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To test whether a locally hosted, retrieval-augmented clinical decision framework (CDF) improves recognition of cocaine-induced midline destructive lesions (CIMDL)—a malignancy mimicker—during dental teleconsultation, compared with a cloud large language model (LLM) without retrieval.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>We conducted a paired feasibility evaluation using 401 simulated consultations derived from Sigmund Freud's historical lesion narrative. The local CDF used mistral-7b-instruct-v0.2 with retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) over a curated CIMDL corpus; the comparator was GPT-4o accessed without retrieval. Identical prompts and clinical context were used in both arms. The primary endpoint was inclusion of CIMDL in the differential diagnosis, adjudicated against published criteria. Paired outcomes were compared with McNemar's test; odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were computed from discordant pairs.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>On the MAIN-prompt dataset, the local RAG model identified CIMDL more often than the cloud comparator (discordant pairs: 44 [local-only] vs 19 [cloud-only]; χ² with Yates correction = 9.14, p = 0.0025; OR = 2.28, 95 % CI 1.34–3.89).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Under realistic privacy constraints, a RAG-enabled local framework improved recognition of a key cancer mimicker during dental triage relative to a cloud LLM without retrieval.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical relevance</h3><div>Enhanced early recognition of CIMDL may prevent misclassification as oral SCC and expedite appropriate referral; local, privacy-preserving AI is feasible for chairside decision support.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100773"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145712471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LeChat in oral pathology: Assessment of its immunohistochemical marker selection accuracy in salivary gland tumors","authors":"Maria Cuevas-Nunez ,&nbsp;Cosimo Galletti ,&nbsp;Javier Flores-Fraile ,&nbsp;Cosimo Galletti ,&nbsp;Shokoufeh Shahrabi Farahani ,&nbsp;Wilmer Rodrigo Díaz-Castañeda ,&nbsp;Daniele Portelli ,&nbsp;Luca Fiorillo ,&nbsp;Vini Mehta ,&nbsp;Maria-Teresa Fernández-Figueras","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2025.100781","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2025.100781","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly integrated into pathology, but its accuracy in immunohistochemical (IHC) marker selection remains underexplored. This study evaluated LeChat's ability to recommend IHC markers for benign and malignant salivary gland tumors, focusing on accuracy, completeness, relevance, consistency, and marker-level errors across tumor types and subtypes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 21 tumor types were selected and classified by behavior (benign vs. malignant) and histologic subtype. Expert-derived reference panels served as the gold standard. For each tumor, LeChat was queried three times using standardized prompts. Recommendations were scored across three domains: accuracy (inclusion of essential markers), completeness (inclusion of secondary markers), and relevance (absence of irrelevant markers). Composite scores (range: 3–9) and intra-tumor variability were calculated. Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests assessed differences by tumor category and subtype. Marker-level analysis evaluated over- and under-recommendations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Across 63 total prompts, LeChat achieved a mean accuracy of 1.56, completeness of 1.59, and relevance of 2.35. Only 3.2 % of prompts included all essential markers, and 17.5 % achieved composite scores ≥7. No responses included both primary and secondary markers. Performance did not differ significantly between benign and malignant tumors (p = 0.405), nor across histologic subtypes (p = 0.988). Tumor-level variability was highest for basaloid squamous cell carcinoma and lowest for pleomorphic adenoma. Marker-level analysis identified 14 false positives (e.g., CD20, IgG4) and 9 false negatives (e.g., SOX10, β-catenin). A moderate correlation was observed between marker frequency and accuracy (r = 0.48, p &lt; 0.01).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>LeChat's IHC recommendations were generally relevant but frequently incomplete and inconsistent, particularly for malignant and histologically complex tumors. Despite its potential for assisting in straightforward cases, current performance remains inferior to expert standards. These findings highlight the limitations of general-purpose LLMs in pathology workflows and emphasize the need for domain-specific refinement before clinical integration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100781"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor mimicking nasal pathology: A case report on endoscopic endonasal management","authors":"Kawita Atipas ,&nbsp;Sataporn Ruangprasertkul ,&nbsp;Suvajana Atipas","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2026.100783","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2026.100783","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is a rare benign epithelial odontogenic tumor that typically occurs in young females and is most often associated with an impacted maxillary canine. Although usually managed via transoral enucleation, endoscopic endonasal surgery has emerged as a potential alternative for selected lesions.</div></div><div><h3>Case presentation</h3><div>A 25-year-old woman presented with progressive right-sided nasal obstruction and clear rhinorrhea. Nasal endoscopy revealed a smooth submucosal bulge arising from the right inferior meatus that filled the right nasal cavity. Computed tomography demonstrated a well-defined expansile lesion occupying the right maxillary sinus, containing internal calcifications and an impacted canine tooth. The tumor was completely removed using an endoscopic endonasal approach. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of AOT. At the 18-month follow-up, endoscopic examination showed complete healing without recurrence.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Endoscopic endonasal surgery offers advantages over transoral approaches in selected cases, including improved visualization, avoidance of oroantral complications, absence of external incisions, and suitability for large maxillary sinus lesions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This case demonstrates the feasibility of complete AOT removal using an endoscopic endonasal approach. Further reports with long-term follow-up are required to clarify indications and outcomes for this technique.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100783"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 66-year-old female patient with folliculoma metastasis to cervical lymph nodes. Case report","authors":"Klementyna Dmowska ,&nbsp;Nikola Leszczyńska ,&nbsp;Piotr Nogal ,&nbsp;Małgorzata Leszczyńska ,&nbsp;Mariusz Kasprzyk ,&nbsp;Mateusz Banaszewski ,&nbsp;Jacek Banaszewski","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2025.100778","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2025.100778","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Correct diagnosis of cervical cystic lesion might prove difficult - while in most cases those are benign, malignant diseases must be taken into consideration. We would like to present a case of a 66-year-old female patient with folliculoma metastasis to cervical lymph nodes - primarily recognised as branchial cleft cyst.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100778"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145792004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of molecular driver mutations in recurrence of early-stage laryngeal cancer following narrow field definitive radiotherapy","authors":"D. Morgan ,&nbsp;E. Schueddig ,&nbsp;A. Segura ,&nbsp;T. Bodine ,&nbsp;C. Lominska ,&nbsp;R.T. Morse ,&nbsp;P. Neupane ,&nbsp;D. Pei ,&nbsp;D. Koestler ,&nbsp;R. Kimple ,&nbsp;U. Duvvuri ,&nbsp;S. Thomas ,&nbsp;R. Nallani ,&nbsp;L. Shnayder ,&nbsp;K. Kakarala ,&nbsp;A.M. Bur ,&nbsp;E. Yilmaz ,&nbsp;G.N. Gan","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2025.100780","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2025.100780","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Recurrence in early-stage laryngeal carcinoma after radiation therapy often necessitates a total salvage laryngectomy (TSL). Understanding the genetic landscape that influences cancer progression after radiation therapy may help future treatments. We investigated early-stage laryngeal carcinoma patients treated with radiotherapy to identify mutation patterns that predispose to disease recurrence.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The patient cohort had 35 early-stage laryngeal head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients (T1 = 15, T2 = 20) treated with radiotherapy (RT). We stratified patients: Responders (no recurrence, N = 14), non-responders (recurrence within 12 months, N = 21), and non-responders undergoing TSL (N = 18). We employed whole exome sequencing to characterize gene mutations using the Genome Analysis Toolkit (GATK) for variant detection and impact on critical biological pathways and post-radiotherapy patient outcomes. Pathway analysis Ingenuity and Reactome Pathway Analysis tools were used to explore the mutated gene pathways.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>– Differential mutation analysis was performed in the respective groups to find driver genes. In the pre-treatment samples, KCNT2 and AGAP6 mutations were exclusively found in non-responders (OR = 0, P = 0.005 and OR = 0, P = 0.027, respectively), while ADAMTS7 mutations were solely present in responders (OR = inf, P = 0.019). PLEC mutations were more prevalent in responders (OR = 11.6, P = 0.006). Pathway analysis revealed that significant genes were involved in the RND2 GTPase cycle, protein O-glycosylation-related diseases, and apoptotic pathways. Post-treatment analysis in patients undergoing TSL had enrichment of mutations in apoptosis regulation pathways.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>– The study reveals that mutations in apoptosis controlling genes were predominantly represented in the larynx non-responder patients both in the pre-radiotherapy and post-TSL populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100780"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HER3 and HPV in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Potential implications of induction chemotherapy on tumor immune microenvironment","authors":"Joori Kim ,&nbsp;Jeong-Oh Kim ,&nbsp;Youn Soo Lee ,&nbsp;Jung-Young Shin ,&nbsp;Min Young Kim ,&nbsp;Mi-Ran Lee ,&nbsp;Seoree Kim ,&nbsp;Saori Fujita-Sato ,&nbsp;Maki Kobayashi ,&nbsp;Tomoya Kakegawa ,&nbsp;Jin Hyoung Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2026.100782","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2026.100782","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-3 (HER3) is frequently overexpressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and is typically associated with chemotherapy resistance and poor prognosis. However, the dynamics of HER3 expression following induction chemotherapy (ICT) remain poorly understood, and its impact on the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is largely unknown.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed 98 patients with locally advanced HNSCC who received ICT between 2012 and 2020. HER3 immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed using the D22C5 clone on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens collected pre- and/or post-ICT. HPV status was determined for all samples. Compositional changes in immune cell subsets within the tumor and peritumoral areas were evaluated via multiplex IHC.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The cohort (mean age: 62.9 years; 83.3 % male) predominantly presented with stage III or IV disease (97.2 %). The oropharynx was the most common primary site (66.7 %), with 52.8 % of patients being HPV-positive. High HER3 expression (H-score &gt;100) strongly correlated with HPV positivity (p = 0.005), particularly within oropharyngeal tumors (p = 0.003). The objective response rate (ORR) to ICT was higher in the HER3-high group compared to the HER3-low group (87 % vs. 69 %; p = 0.090), a trend consistent with HPV status (p = 0.090). In 16 paired samples, HER3 expression increased post-ICT, most notably among smokers. Patients with high HER3 expression tended to have longer relapse-free survival and improved overall survival (76.3 vs. 42.4 months; p = 0.168) compared to those with low HER3 expression. At baseline, the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of HER3-high tumors was significantly enriched with CD4⁺FoxP3⁺ regulatory T cells (Tregs), compared to HER3-low tumors (p = 0.032). Post-ICT, HER3-high tumors exhibited a marked depletion of Tregs (p = 0.019), while CD8⁺ cytotoxic T cells increased significantly across all groups (p &lt; 0.01). Finally, external validation using TCGA-HNSCC database confirmed that HER3 mRNA expression is positively associated with Tregs enrichment, independent of HPV status.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>High HER3 expression in HNSCC is significantly associated with HPV positivity and predicts favorable clinical outcomes following ICT. Our findings suggest that ICT modulates the TIME by depleting immunosuppressive CD4⁺FoxP3⁺ Tregs specifically in HER3-high tumors while simultaneously recruiting immunostimulatory CD8⁺ T cells regardless of HER3 expression. This shift potentially converts an immunosuppressive environment into an immunostimulatory one.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100782"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146173448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic implication of the expression of minichromosome maintenance protein 5 (MCM 5) in oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas-a study on cases from a tertiary care centre","authors":"Monica Charlotte Solomon,&nbsp;Chetana Chandrashekar,&nbsp;Priya Sharma,&nbsp;Pavithra Veluswamy","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2026.100786","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2026.100786","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Minichromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins play a vital role in cell cycle progression. The MCM 5 protein is one of the key proteins that binds to Chromatin in a cell cycle dependent manner and restricts the replication of the chromosome to only one round per cell cycle.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate the role of MCM5 in the biological behavior of Oral Cavity Squamous cell carcinomas of patients from a tertiary care centre.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>This study evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of MCM-5 protein in primary oral squamous cell carcinomas(n = 90). Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded tissue (FFPE) sections of the tumors were immunhistochemically stained with the monoclonal antibody MCM-5 (EP-84, Pathnsitu, Livermore, CA, USA). The correlation between the expression of MCM5 and clinico-pathological features of the dysplastic lesions and oral squamous cell carcinoma tumors was analysed. The association between the expression of MCM5 and patient outcomes was also evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean nuclear MCM5 LI for the 90 cases of OSCC ranged from 0 to 90 (mean 52.88 +- 2.084). A higher mean nuclear MCM5 LI was associated with the higher histological tumor grade (p = 0.002). Tumors of an advanced clinical stage had a higher mean nuclear MCM5 LI compared to tumors of an early clinical stage (p = 0.039)</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The MCM-5 protein is a key molecule that is altered during the carcinogenic process of squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity. A higher expression of MCM5 is indicative of aggressive tumor behaviour of oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100786"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147385009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Submental island flap for reconstruction of preauricular defects: A narrative review","authors":"Amelia Fogle ,&nbsp;Celeste Kim ,&nbsp;Brian J. Boyce ,&nbsp;Jennifer H. Gross ,&nbsp;Harry M. Baddour ,&nbsp;Nicole C. Schmitt ,&nbsp;Azeem S. Kaka","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2025.100779","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2025.100779","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100779"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the editor: Prognostic significance of systemic inflammatory markers in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma","authors":"Thangapandi Marudhupandi","doi":"10.1016/j.oor.2025.100774","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oor.2025.100774","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This letter expresses appreciation for the article “Prognostic significance of systemic inflammatory markers in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma” by Horackiewicz et al. in Oral Oncology reports. The study's key finding that serum albumin and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio are independent prognostic factors for overall survival in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is lauded for its clinical relevance and robust analysis of a large, diverse cohort. Constructive suggestions for future research include the necessity of prospective external validation, incorporating additional clinical and molecular variables, and leveraging artificial intelligence/machine learning to develop more dynamic and precise prognostic models. This forward-looking perspective aims to further enhance patient stratification and personalized treatment in OPSCC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94378,"journal":{"name":"Oral Oncology Reports","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100774"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145792005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}