Romanian journal of ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Limbal reconstruction in uveitic glaucoma patient with exposed Ahmed valve coincident with corneal melting and iris prolapse using multiple corneoscleral allografts.","authors":"Stylianos Artemios Kandarakis, Leonidas Doumazos, Marios Timpilis, Georgia Karageorgiou, Petros Petrou, Ilias Georgalas","doi":"10.22336/rjo.2024.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22336/rjo.2024.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Aim:</b> To present a complex case of Ahmed tube exposure 6 months after the implantation associated with corneal melting and iris prolapse, and the surgical reposition that required multiple allografts and limbal reconstruction. <b>Methods:</b> A 60-year-old patient arrived at the emergency room with tube exposure combined with corneal melting and iris prolapse from a previously placed Ahmed valve 6 months prior. Our approach was to use one corneoscleral graft to repair the melted cornea and avoid further iris prolapse and a second scleral graft to cover the repositioned tube. Upon completion of conjunctival dissection, cleaning and deepithelization of the melted cornea and the tube by application of alcohol 100% followed. A new entry point was made for the tube and was covered using an alcohol-preserved scleral allograft and the previous entry point was repaired using a corneoscleral allograft with the corneal aspect restoring the limbus and avoiding further iris protrusion. <b>Results:</b> 6 months follow-up of the patient showed excellent recovery, anatomical restoration, and IOP normalization. <b>Conclusion:</b> Surgical repair of these cases can be very demanding, and requires surgical improvisation and prolonged surgical time. The literature remains very limited on how a surgeon should approach similar cases, which are the crucial tips, and which are the missteps that should be avoided. In this case, we used multiple scleral/corneoscleral allografts in a specific orientation and different sutures to reconstruct the damaged limbal area and restore the anatomy. <b>Abbreviations:</b> VA = Visual Acuity, GDD = Glaucoma Drainage Device, IOP = Intra Ocular Pressure.</p>","PeriodicalId":94355,"journal":{"name":"Romanian journal of ophthalmology","volume":"68 1","pages":"60-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11007568/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140873419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple ocular manifestations in a patient diagnosed with herpes zoster ophthalmicus: case report.","authors":"David-Ionuț Beuran, Mioara-Laura Macovei, Ioana Ruxandra Boca","doi":"10.22336/rjo.2024.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22336/rjo.2024.16","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Our purpose was to present a case of a patient diagnosed with herpes zoster ophthalmicus with multiple ocular manifestations. <b>Case presentation:</b> A 70-year-old Caucasian male presented to the hospital for headache and skin hyperesthesia on the scalp and forehead on the left side. The diagnoses of herpes zoster ophthalmicus and acute conjunctivitis were made for the left eye. The patient was followed up for 6 months and during that period the following diagnoses were made for the same eye: peripheral sterile corneal infiltrates, episcleritis, and hypertensive anterior uveitis. <b>Discussions:</b> Herpes zoster ophthalmicus occurs when the reactivation of the dormant virus involves the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve. The most frequent ocular presentations are conjunctivitis, keratitis, uveitis, episcleritis, and scleritis. The standard therapy consists of antivirals, such as acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir to limit the replication of the virus. The patient's risk factors, the course of treatment, and the severity of the disease, all affect the prognosis, which is highly variable. Prevention of the disease consists of vaccination with one of the following two vaccines, Zostavax and Shingrix. <b>Conclusions:</b> Final visual acuity for the left eye remained 1 despite numerous manifestations of the disease. <b>Abbreviations:</b> VZV = Varicella-zoster virus, BCVA = best-corrected visual acuity, OU = both eyes, OD = right eye, OS = left eye, IOP = intraocular pressure, NCT = non-contact tonometer, ZVX = Zostavax vaccine.</p>","PeriodicalId":94355,"journal":{"name":"Romanian journal of ophthalmology","volume":"68 1","pages":"81-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11007559/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140867925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of oculo-orbital complications of odontogenic sinusitis in adults.","authors":"Mihai Alexandru Preda, Codruț Sarafoleanu, Gabriela Mușat, Andreea-Alexandra Preda, Daniel Lupoi, Ramona Barac, Monica Pop","doi":"10.22336/rjo.2024.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22336/rjo.2024.09","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Odontogenic maxillary sinusitis (OMS) is an infectious inflammatory pathology caused by a dental condition. Considering the anatomical relations with the orbit, maxillary sinus infection can easily spread, evolving into severe oculo-orbital complications that can sometimes be life-threatening. <b>Material and methods:</b> We performed a retrospective study of over 2 years, examining the data of 18 patients diagnosed with OMS with oculo-orbital complications. The patients were evaluated regarding their dental history, symptoms, clinical and endoscopic findings, ophthalmologic evaluation, bacteriologic tests, computed tomography (CT) imaging, medical and surgical treatment, and outcomes. <b>Results:</b> The age of the patients was between 24 and 65 years old with an almost equal gender distribution: 10 female and 8 male patients. From the total, 7 patients had type II diabetes, 2 of whom were insulin-dependent, 1 patient had thrombophilia and 2 patients had renal failure with peritoneal dialysis. Regarding the type of oculo-orbital complications, 10 patients were diagnosed with preseptal cellulitis and 8 with orbital cellulitis. Just 5 patients with orbital cellulitis required surgical treatment and orbitotomy was performed, followed by endonasal endoscopic drainage. The evolution after surgical treatment was favorable for all operated patients. <b>Discussions:</b> Oculo-orbital complications of OMS are typically more severe than those of rhinogenic sinusitis because anaerobic bacteria are involved. Immunosuppression represents a favorable environment for the development of OMS and its complications, diabetes being the most common risk factor. A negative prognostic feature is the appearance of ophthalmological symptoms in both eyes, so visual function may be reduced. The treatment of oculo-orbital complications of OMS is urgent and depends on a broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy associated or not with surgical intervention. <b>Conclusions:</b> The diagnosis of oculo-orbital complications of OMS is complex and requires clinical experience as well as extensive medical knowledge to treat both the cause and the consequences of the conditions quickly and effectively. The proper management of oculo-orbital complications is based on a multidisciplinary team: ophthalmology, ENT, dentistry, imaging, and laboratory. <b>Abbreviations:</b> OMS = odontogenic maxillary sinusitis, CT = computed tomography, ENT = ear-nose-throat, MRI = magnetic resonance imaging, HNS = head and neck surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":94355,"journal":{"name":"Romanian journal of ophthalmology","volume":"68 1","pages":"45-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11007555/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140872808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The surgical management of a patient with Fuchs endothelial dystrophy and cataracts.","authors":"Alina Gabriela Gheorghe, Ana Maria Arghirescu, Andrei Coleașă, Ancuța Georgiana Onofrei","doi":"10.22336/rjo.2024.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22336/rjo.2024.15","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To report the two different surgical approaches in the case of a patient with Fuchs endothelial dystrophy with low endothelial cell count and advanced cataracts. <b>Methods:</b> The chosen surgical approach differed between eyes, with the right eye undergoing a combined approach consisting of cataract surgery, intraocular lens implantation, and penetrating keratoplasty in 2022. One year later, for the left eye, a different approach was decided: cataract surgery followed by Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK). The Descemet membrane graft was prepared by the surgeon using the liquid bubble technique. AS-OCT was used to monitor the patient before and after surgery. <b>Results:</b> Visual recovery was excellent for both eyes, however, visual acuity improved quickly in the left eye (DMEK), while, in the right eye (PK), the best corrected visual acuity was reached after several months post-surgery. <b>Conclusion:</b> Advanced stages of Fuchs dystrophy patients will most likely need corneal transplantation. Each type of corneal transplantation procedure comes with unique challenges, both intraoperative and postoperative. DMEK is a very good treatment option for patients with Fuchs endothelial dystrophy, with excellent visual recovery and good graft survival at the 10-year mark. <b>Abbreviations:</b> DMEK = Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty, PK = penetrating keratoplasty, AS-OCT = anterior segment optical coherence tomography, FECD = Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy, BCVA = best corrected visual acuity, US = ultrasound, CDE = cumulative dissipated energy, IOL = intraocular lens.</p>","PeriodicalId":94355,"journal":{"name":"Romanian journal of ophthalmology","volume":"68 1","pages":"75-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11007553/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140864307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sterile endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide: case report and literature review.","authors":"David-Ionuț Beuran, Mioara-Laura Macovei, Cătălin Cornăcel, Ioana Ruxandra Boca","doi":"10.22336/rjo.2024.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22336/rjo.2024.02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> The first purpose is to present the diagnosis and therapeutic approach in a patient with sterile endophthalmitis associated with triamcinolone acetonide injection. The secondary objective is to assess the incidence of this complication and to summarize the risk factors described in the literature. <b>Case presentation:</b> A 76-year-old male patient presented for painless, unilateral, decreased visual acuity, four days after cataract surgery and simultaneously intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection for diabetic macular edema in the right eye. The diagnosis of sterile endophthalmitis was made. Eight days after the presentation, the symptoms subsided, the maximum corrected visual acuity reaching that before the procedures. <b>Discussions:</b> The incidence of sterile endophthalmitis varies in the literature between 0% and 23.8%. Visual prognosis is good, although the pathogenesis is not fully understood. Preservatives in injectable solutions have been suggested, however, there are studies in which inflammation was also present with preservative-free products. The particle size of triamcinolone was analyzed, demonstrating an association between smaller particles and an increased frequency of adverse reactions of this type. History of uveitis, posterior capsule rupture following cataract surgery, and Irvine-Gass syndrome are other associations described. <b>Conclusion:</b> The physiopathological mechanism of sterile endophthalmitis is not fully understood. However, the visual prognosis is good, the final vision being dependent on the underlying pathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":94355,"journal":{"name":"Romanian journal of ophthalmology","volume":"68 1","pages":"2-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11007564/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140862111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internet of Things (IoT) technology and its application in Ophthalmology.","authors":"Consuela-Mădălina Gheorghe","doi":"10.22336/rjo.2024.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22336/rjo.2024.01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94355,"journal":{"name":"Romanian journal of ophthalmology","volume":"68 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11007557/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140868554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topiramate-induced ocular complications: case series.","authors":"Sarita Lobo, Geover Joslen Lobo","doi":"10.22336/rjo.2024.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22336/rjo.2024.14","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several ocular adverse effects have been attributed to Topiramate, a sulfonamide derivative. It can cause problems in the eye such as choroidal effusion syndrome, acute angle closure glaucoma, myopic shift, visual field defects, and Myokymia. If not identified early, it can be vision-threatening. It is commonly used for migraine prophylaxis, partial onset, and generalized tonic-clonic seizures. It has also been prescribed for bipolar disorder and alcoholism. The risk of adverse reactions with this drug is 3%. The prognosis is favorable if it is discontinued early and prompt therapy is initiated.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This article reported a case series of topiramate-induced ocular complications.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The patients presented with high intraocular pressure and blurred vision following a topiramate prescription for headache.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Timely recognition and intervention can prevent potential visual loss in such cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":94355,"journal":{"name":"Romanian journal of ophthalmology","volume":"68 1","pages":"72-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11007562/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140873727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical evaluation of ophthalmic findings in active, amateur, adult, competitive male boxers in India.","authors":"Mandhoof Moosa, Jaya Kaushik, Ankita Singh","doi":"10.22336/rjo.2024.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22336/rjo.2024.06","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> In the popular fighting sport of boxing, opponents strike each other above the belt line in the face, chest, and belly. The physical parts most exposed are therefore the nose and eyes. In amateur boxing, fights go only three rounds - three minutes for men and one minute for women - with a one-minute break in between. They wear gloves, but the head protection used in the men's game has been removed by AIBA due to the high likelihood of concussion when using head protection. Because chronic ocular changes may take longer than the expected short-term effects, this study included at least 3 years of competitive sports participation. <b>Study design and setting:</b> Institutional-based cross-sectional study. <b>Materials and methods:</b> To evaluate ophthalmic outcomes, 200 eyes of 100 active amateur, adult, and competitive male boxers were studied. <b>Results:</b> Of the 100 boxers, 51 had ophthalmic changes in at least one eye, and 49 had normal eyes. The average age of boxers was 24.98 years. The average duration of boxing training was 7.04 years. Healed eyelid scars, subconjunctival hemorrhages, conjunctival papillae, traumatic mydriasis, posterior synechiae, angulation abnormalities, traumatic cataracts, lens subluxation, increased intraocular pressure, and peripapillary atrophy were observed on the ocular side. None of these could be attributed to boxing. <b>Conclusion:</b> Boxing-related eye injuries are common in India and the most common vision-threatening eye abnormalities include traumatic cataracts, lens subluxation, and angle abnormalities. Surprisingly, no macular lesions were found on physical examination and OCT. Additional studies with a larger number of boxers will be needed to evaluate and prevent clinical symptoms. All boxers should have a complete eye exam regularly. <b>Abbreviations:</b> AIBA = Association Internationale de Boxe Amateur, OCT = Optical Coherence Tomography.</p>","PeriodicalId":94355,"journal":{"name":"Romanian journal of ophthalmology","volume":"68 1","pages":"25-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11007561/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140869161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ophthalmic manifestations as the first presenting feature in dengue fever: a 10-year study.","authors":"Avinash Mishra, Anchal Tripathi, Atul Bhirud, Mohini Agrawal, Sandeep Gupta, Jks Parihar","doi":"10.22336/rjo.2024.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22336/rjo.2024.07","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> To report patients who first presented with various ocular manifestations and eventually ascertained to have underlying dengue. <b>Methods:</b> A prospective study was conducted at multiple tertiary eye-care centers in India from 2012 to 2022. Cases reporting initially with ocular features along with fever/past history of fever over the last two weeks or with clinical features of dengue were selected. After an ophthalmological examination, patients underwent complete serological and biochemical analysis and those with reduced platelet counts were evaluated for dengue. <b>Results:</b> Out of 564 cases, 15 patients were verified to be afflicted with dengue eventually. A rising trend of cases was seen every year and out of 15 cases, eight cases were reported during the Covid-19 pandemic (from 2020 to 2022), but were COVID-negative. 9 cases presented with acute redness followed by diminished vision. Seven cases presented a history of fever over the last few days and one had traveled from dengue endemic area. The various ocular presentations included subconjunctival hemorrhage, viral keratitis, anterior uveitis, sixth-nerve palsy, and vitreous hemorrhage. On serological examination, all 15 patients were detected to have low platelets. All cases responded well with supportive treatment and the ocular features subsided in all within a couple of weeks with good visual recovery. <b>Conclusion:</b> In a tropical nation, such as India, with endemic dengue zones and increasing figures of dengue lately, ophthalmologists must include dengue fever among the differential diagnoses in various ocular presentations like subconjunctival hemorrhage, viral keratitis, anterior uveitis, sixth nerve palsy, and vitreous hemorrhage. <b>Abbreviations:</b> DHF = dengue hemorrhagic fever, PCR = polymerase chain reaction, RT-PCR = real-time automated reverse transcriptase (RT-PCR), SD = standard deviation, MAC-ELIS = IgM antibodies capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, RE = right eye, LE = left eye, CECT = Contrast-enhanced computed tomography.</p>","PeriodicalId":94355,"journal":{"name":"Romanian journal of ophthalmology","volume":"68 1","pages":"31-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11007566/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140871801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation between surgeons in rate of reoperation after horizontal strabismus surgery among Medicare beneficiaries: associations with patient and surgeon characteristics and adjustable sutures.","authors":"Christopher T Leffler, Alicia Woock, Meagan Shinbashi, Melissa Suggs","doi":"10.22336/rjo.2024.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22336/rjo.2024.03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To quantify variation between surgeons in reoperation rates after horizontal strabismus surgery, and to explore associations of reoperation rate with surgical techniques, patient characteristics, and practice type and volume. <b>Methods:</b> Fee-for-service payments in a national database to providers for Medicare beneficiaries having strabismus surgery on horizontal muscles between 2012 and 2020 were analyzed retrospectively to identify same calendar year reoperations. Multivariable linear regression was used to determine predictors of each surgeon's reoperation rate. <b>Results:</b> The reoperation rate for 1-horizontal muscle surgery varied between 0.0% and 30.8% among 141 surgeons. Just 7.8% of surgeons contributed over half of the reoperation events for 1-horizontal muscle surgery, due to the presence of high-volume surgeons with high reoperation rates. Surgeon seniority, gender, surgery volume, and use of adjustable sutures were not independently associated with surgeon reoperation rate. We explored associations of reoperation with patient characteristics, such as age and poverty. Surgeons in the South tended to have a higher reoperation rate (p=0.03) in a multivariable model. However, the multivariable model could only explain 16.3% of the inter-surgeon variation in reoperation rate for 1-horizontal muscle surgery. <b>Discussion:</b> Strabismus surgery is similar to other areas of medicine, in which large variations in outcomes between surgeons are observed. Future work can be directed towards explaining this variation. <b>Conclusions:</b> Patient-level analyses that fail to consider variation between surgeons will be dominated by a small number of high-reoperation, high-volume surgeons. Order-of-magnitude variations exist in reoperation rates among strabismus surgeons, the cause of which is largely unexplained.</p>","PeriodicalId":94355,"journal":{"name":"Romanian journal of ophthalmology","volume":"68 1","pages":"8-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11007556/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140870719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}