Romanian journal of ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"A challenging case of solitary fibrous tumor of the orbit in an anemic patient.","authors":"Sonali Vinay Kumar, Manoj Gopal Madakshira, Vinay Kumar, Alok Sati, Natasha Vinay Kumar, Sandeepan Bandopadhyay","doi":"10.22336/rjo.2024.82","DOIUrl":"10.22336/rjo.2024.82","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report a problematic case of solitary fibrous tumor of the orbit in an anemic patient who presented with painless, progressive outward protrusion of the right eye. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) orbit and brain with contrast showed a well-defined intraconal lesion in the superomedial aspect of the right orbit. The lesion was excised using a vertical eyelid split orbitotomy with minimal blood loss. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examination showed the features of a solitary fibrous tumor. This case highlighted that with careful surgical planning, total removal of a large vascular tumor could be done with less bleeding, especially in an anemic patient in whom an iota of hemorrhage was life-threatening.</p>","PeriodicalId":94355,"journal":{"name":"Romanian journal of ophthalmology","volume":"68 4","pages":"457-461"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11809825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143401156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Choroidal neovascularization secondary to angioid streaks in a patient with pseudoxanthoma elasticum: case report.","authors":"David-Ionuț Beuran, Camelia Constantin, Răzvan Constantin Șerban, Lucian George Eftimie, Cătălin Cornăcel","doi":"10.22336/rjo.2024.85","DOIUrl":"10.22336/rjo.2024.85","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Present the diagnosis and therapeutic approach in a patient with pseudoxanthoma elasticum and ocular involvement.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>A 46-year-old patient presented for progressive loss of vision and metamorphopsias in the left eye. The ophthalmological examination showed angioid streaks and secondary choroidal neovascularization. The dermatologist performed an incisional biopsy of a skin area in the right axilla that showed white-yellow, discrete streaks. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of pseudoxanthoma elasticum. It was decided to start intravitreal injections with aflibercept. Three injections were made in the left eye with subsequent visual acuity improvement.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Angioid streaks are a rare retinal condition, and pseudoxanthoma elasticum is the most common association. Other systemic conditions are Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Paget's disease, and hemoglobinopathies. Definite diagnosis requires skin lesions or calcified elastic fibers on pathological examination and angioid streaks of the retina. Choroidal neovascularization is a frequent complication and leads to vision loss. Intravitreal inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor are currently the first line of treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pseudoxanthoma elasticum has numerous systemic manifestations and requires a multidisciplinary team to be monitored and treated.</p>","PeriodicalId":94355,"journal":{"name":"Romanian journal of ophthalmology","volume":"68 4","pages":"470-475"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11809835/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143401186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case series on minor incision cataract surgery in small pupil without any aids.","authors":"Mary Stephen, Nirupama Kasturi, Jayasri Periyandavan, Arun Sahi","doi":"10.22336/rjo.2024.65","DOIUrl":"10.22336/rjo.2024.65","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cataract is the leading cause of treatable blindness worldwide, and cataract surgery complications leading to blindness are a common cause of preventable blindness. All surgeons aim to obtain a good pupil dilation intra-operatively to ease the surgery. The small pupil is often challenging and contributes to intra and post-operative complications. Phacoemulsification, though, has many options to tackle small pupil. The same options cannot be employed in small incision cataract surgery, especially using mechanical pupil expanders. Small incision cataract surgery is very commonly performed in developing countries. The authors describe a case series of small pupil cataracts managed successfully without the use of any secondary aids to cause pupil dilatation and explain the techniques employed to manage small pupil while performing Small incision cataract surgery. With correct techniques, operative complications of small pupil can be minimized, and small incision cataract surgery is still a helpful option, especially in resource-limited settings, to provide an excellent visual recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":94355,"journal":{"name":"Romanian journal of ophthalmology","volume":"68 4","pages":"349-361"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11809824/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143401152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerebral imaging should also be performed to examine the visual pathways of people with diabetes using visually evoked potentials.","authors":"Josef Finsterer","doi":"10.22336/rjo.2024.86","DOIUrl":"10.22336/rjo.2024.86","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94355,"journal":{"name":"Romanian journal of ophthalmology","volume":"68 4","pages":"476-477"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11809827/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143401185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intrastromal autologous buffy coat as an adjuvant therapy for fungal corneal ulcer: a case report of two cases.","authors":"Dharamveer Singh Choudhary, Kavita Ghanolia, Jeba Shaheen, Sidhya Choudhary, Anamika Chaudhary, Bhuvanesh Sukhlal Kalal","doi":"10.22336/rjo.2024.80","DOIUrl":"10.22336/rjo.2024.80","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report the hastened recovery of two nonresponding fungal corneal ulcer cases after using intrastromal injections of autologous buffy coat (a component of blood rich in leucocytes) as an adjuvant to topical antifungal therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Microbiologically proven non-responding cases (>2 weeks of treatment) of fungal corneal ulcers who visited the cornea specialty clinic of our hospital were explained the disease and adjuvant intrastromal autologous buffy coat treatment, which would be repeated if effective. Then, well-informed and written consent was obtained from the patients for the treatment. The study adhered to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. An in vitro experiment was also carried out to prove the hypothesis by growing fungi on a donor button and injecting it with the buffy coat of a healthy volunteer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study showed immediate positive outcomes, with patients showing faster lesion resolution with decreasing lesion size, resolving hypopyon, and complete clinical recovery in both cases in less than seven days.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Intrastromal autologous buffy coat shows promise as an adjunct therapy for difficult fungal corneal ulcers, enhancing local immunity and healing. This approach may reduce treatment time and risks, though further studies are needed to confirm these findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Intrastromal buffy coat for recalcitrant fungal ulcers is a promising treatment modality as it provides both local immunity and growth and repair stimulus to the diseased cornea. However, a long-term randomized control trial is needed to evaluate the results further.</p>","PeriodicalId":94355,"journal":{"name":"Romanian journal of ophthalmology","volume":"68 4","pages":"443-447"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11809826/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143401174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocular Biometry and Genomic Association in Primary Angle Closure Disease. A Descriptive study.","authors":"Sangaraju Suneel, Subashini Kaliaperumal, Sunitha Kodidela, Alladi Charanraj Goud, Mary Stephen","doi":"10.22336/rjo.2024.75","DOIUrl":"10.22336/rjo.2024.75","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Purpose: &lt;/strong&gt;To study the ocular biometric parameters in PACD patients and to compare them with normal control subjects. To identify the role of genetic polymorphisms in PCMTD1 and COL11A1 genes in our population in PACD pathogenesis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This cross-sectional comparative study included patients with PACD age-matched normal subjects. Patients who underwent prior laser iridotomy or intraocular surgery and those using miotics were excluded from the study. The comprehensive ophthalmological evaluation included slit lamp biomicroscopy, applanation tonometry, gonioscopy, and optic disc evaluation. PACD patients were classified as per the International Society for Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology (ISGEO) classification into PACS, PAC, and PACG. Ocular biometry was performed for parameters like AXL, ACD, lens thickness (LT), central corneal thickness (CCT), and mean keratometry (K) values using the Partial Coherence Interferometry biometer. Variables like relative lens position (RLP) and lens axial length factor (LAF) were calculated from the above parameters. Genotyping was done for PACD patients and control subjects to look for PCMTD1, NM_001286783.1:c.215G&gt;A and COL11A1, NM_080629.2:c.2386C&gt;G genetic polymorphism.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 200 eyes of 100 PACD patients and the same number of control subjects were included in the study. PACD patients had significantly shorter AXL (21.68 mm vs. 23.25 ± 0.63 in controls, p &lt; 0.05), short anterior chamber depth (2.33 ± 0.5 mm vs. 2.97 ± 0.92, p &lt; 0.05), and increased Lens thickness (4.45 ± 0.41 mm vs. 4.11 ± 0.45 mm, p = 0.00). The Relative lens position (2.10 ± 0.2 vs. 2.16 ± 0.17, p &lt; 0.03), Lens axial length factor (2.06 ± 0.21 vs. 1.76 ± 0.2, p = 0.00), Mean keratometry (D) (45.73 ± 1.64 vs. 44.33 ± 1.37, p = 0.00) were significantly different. Central corneal thickness (µ) (516.15 ± 34 vs. 511.9 ± 35.28, p = 0.8) was insignificant. Among the subgroups of PACD, PACG patients had steeper corneas when compared to PACS and PAC (46.67 ± 2.45 vs. 45.55 ± 1.54 vs. 45.64 ± 1.1, p &lt; 0.01), while other parameters were not significant. Genotyping of PCMTD1, NM_001286783.1:c.215C&gt;T, and COL11A1, NM_080629.2:c.2386C&gt;G polymorphism yielded no significant association with PACD.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discussion: &lt;/strong&gt;Though association studies have identified several candidate genes, these are either not extended to other populations or controversial. In our research, ocular biometric parameters vary in primary angle closure disease patients, with corneal curvature being the only exemption in the studied variable without significant differences. We also found that the allelic frequency for PCMTD1, NM_001286783.1:c.215C&gt;T was 95.75% and 4.25% for C and T, respectively, which is different from available data (97% and 3% for C and T in South Asians). For COL11A1, NM_080629.2:c.2386C&gt;G, we found a % allelic frequency of 96% and 4% for C","PeriodicalId":94355,"journal":{"name":"Romanian journal of ophthalmology","volume":"68 4","pages":"415-420"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11809818/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143401176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 6-month follow-up for patients who underwent Accelerated Epi-on Collagen Crosslinking.","authors":"Alina-Cristina Chiraples, Diana Maria Darabus, Horia Tudor Stanca, Mihnea Munteanu","doi":"10.22336/rjo.2024.77","DOIUrl":"10.22336/rjo.2024.77","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Accelerated Collagen Crosslinking (A-CXL) is widely used worldwide as an effective treatment for keratoconus due to its efficiency and rapidity. This paper aims to identify relevant changes in visual acuity parameters and topographic measurements before and six months after treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 30 eyes from 20 patients who underwent A-CXL between May 2021 and June 2023 and had at least six months of follow-up were analyzed retrospectively. Comparisons between uncorrected visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity, spherical and cylinder diopters, and topographic measurements like Kmax, SIf, SIb, KVf, KVb, BCVf, BCVb, TCT, and CCT were made before and six months after surgery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After the accelerated Collagen crosslinking (A-CXL), BCVA improved, cylinder diopters and Kmax values were reduced, and central corneal thickness (CCT) and thinnest corneal thickness (TCT) were elevated.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The study has shown results comparable with other studies regarding the heterogeneity of the group study, good outcomes in measuring the corneal central thickness and thinnest corneal thickness, and good evolution of the refraction and visual acuity. Regarding the specific topography markers, like SIf/SIb, KVf/KVb, BCVf/BCVb, and K_max, minor differences were observed at 6 months follow-up and were not considered statistically relevant. Other studies show a better correlation at 1-year check-ups and similar results at 6-month follow-ups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This method's main benefits are its brief duration and minimum intrusion, improvement of visual acuity, and the possibility of reintervention for better outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94355,"journal":{"name":"Romanian journal of ophthalmology","volume":"68 4","pages":"427-433"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11809836/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143401150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Throwing light on night blindness associated with rare manifestation of vitamin A deficiency.","authors":"Avadhesh Oli, Sujata Upadhyay, Agrima Bhatia, Bhavaraj Veerabhadhra Rao","doi":"10.22336/rjo.2024.78","DOIUrl":"10.22336/rjo.2024.78","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This case report describes a rare presentation of the Mizuo phenomenon in a vitamin A deficiency-associated patient.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 38-year-old male presented with nyctalopia for 10 years and a fresh onset of dry eyes. He was a known case of alcoholic liver disease with cirrhosis and Oguchi disease. Anterior segment evaluation revealed moderate dry eyes, and fundus examination revealed metallic sheen OU, the latter extinguished after dark adaptation via a modified patch test suggestive of the Mizuo Nakamura phenomenon. Multimodal imaging modalities like SD-OCT, short-wave autofluorescence, and electrophysiological tests were performed. Findings suggested a diagnosis other than Oguchi's disease. The gene panel comprising SAG and GRK1 mutations was negative for Oguchi. Serum vitamin A levels were significantly low (0.03 mg/l). The patient was started on topical lubricants and oral vitamin A supplements and counseled to abstain from alcohol.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SD-OCT demonstrated thinning of the ellipsoid region with multiple hyperreflective excrescences in outer retinal layers colocalized with hyperautofluorescent flecks on short-wave autofluorescence. ERG was normal bilaterally. An electrooculogram showed a significantly decreased Arden ratio of OU. After controlled oral Vitamin A supplementation, the patient's serum Vitamin A levels remained low (0.06 mg/l).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case is rare and likely the first reported presentation of the Mizuo phenomenon in a vitamin A deficiency-associated patient with normal ERG and abnormal EOG. Increasing choice for weight loss diet and bariatric surgeries Vitamin A deficiency is also expected to affect developed countries. Modified patch tests make diagnosis easier and earlier. More extensive studies are needed to correlate levels of Vitamin A with the natural course of the Mizuo phenomenon and substantiate multimodal imaging findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":94355,"journal":{"name":"Romanian journal of ophthalmology","volume":"68 4","pages":"434-438"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11809839/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143401136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Type III Duane Retraction Syndrome and Monocular Elevation Deficiency, Simultaneous Presentation in a 16-year-old girl.","authors":"Hajar Farvardin, Majid Farvardin, Kamran Zare","doi":"10.22336/rjo.2024.79","DOIUrl":"10.22336/rjo.2024.79","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Duane Retraction Syndrome (DRS) and Monocular Elevation Deficiency (MED) are two distinct congenital strabismus entities that have not been reported simultaneously until now. Thirty percent of individuals with DRS present with various congenital ocular and non-ocular anomalies. A 16-year-old girl presented with right eye ptosis and ocular deviation since birth. The patient's hypotropia increased in the upward gaze. She also exhibited small-angle exotropia in the primary position, along with the limitation of both abduction and adduction. The patient had globe retraction and increased ptosis in adduction. Strabismus manifestation in the patient was consistent with concurrent type III DRS and MED in the right eye.</p>","PeriodicalId":94355,"journal":{"name":"Romanian journal of ophthalmology","volume":"68 4","pages":"439-442"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11809830/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143401139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative analysis of GPT-3.5 and GPT-4.0 on a multiple-choice ophthalmology question bank: A study on artificial intelligence developments.","authors":"Suleyman Demir","doi":"10.22336/rjo.2024.67","DOIUrl":"10.22336/rjo.2024.67","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>To evaluate the performance of ChatGPT-4.0 and ChatGPT-3.5 in answering multiple-choice questions in OphthoQuestions (www.ophthoquestions.com), a popular question preparation bank, and to compare the performance of GPT-4.0 and GPT-3.5.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In January 2024, using a personal account on OphthoQuestions (www.ophthoquestions.com), 520 questions were selected from 4,551 OphthoQuestions. These 520 questions were created by randomly selecting 40 questions from each of 13 ophthalmology subspecialties. GPT-3.5 and GPT-4.0 were asked to answer these same 520 questions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ChatGPT-4.0 and ChatGPT-3.5 answered 408 questions (78.46%) 95% CI [70,88%] and 333 questions (64.15%) 95% CI [53,74%] of 520 questions correctly, respectively. GPT-4.0 answered significantly more questions correctly than GPT-3.5 (p= 0.0195). ChatGPT-4.0 showed a statistically significant difference compared to ChatGPT-3.5 in giving correct answers in all subgroup analyses (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Discussions: </strong>This study gives an encouraging new proof of ChatGPT's ability to manage complex clinical and medical data, focusing on the development and consistency of artificial intelligence algorithms. The statistically significant success of GPT-4.0 over GPT-3.5 in this study should be examined in light of future algorithm advances, particularly in online tests, which will increase progressively as the use of artificial intelligence poses an increasing danger to test integrity. Protocols such as required proctoring should be considered. In the following years, ChatGPT's clinical management and decision-making expertise should be supplemented by more research indicating that it may be a beneficial resource for ophthalmologists and other medical professionals seeking information and guidance on challenging cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>GPT-4.0 was found to give more and more consistent answers than GPT 3.5 on a multiple-choice ophthalmology question bank. ChatGPT has shown significant differences between algorithms in accuracy and repeatability when handling questions related to eye diseases. This study shows that new artificial intelligence algorithms are promising. More data is needed to use artificial intelligence language models in medical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":94355,"journal":{"name":"Romanian journal of ophthalmology","volume":"68 4","pages":"367-371"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11809821/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143401166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}