Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences最新文献

{"title":"Audit and Evaluation of the Effect of Fresh Frozen Plasma and Adjunct Pharmacological Agents (Vitamin K1, Prothrombin Complex Concentrate, Tranexamic Acid, and Recombinant Factor VIIa) on Pre- and Post- Transfusion INR in Patients with Coagulopathy: A Prospective Study.","authors":"Grazy Chinnamuthu, Gowtham Ganapathy, P Padmavathi","doi":"10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_86_26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_86_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Coagulopathy is frequently encountered in patients with liver disease, trauma, anticoagulant therapy, and perioperative bleeding. Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP) is widely used to correct coagulation abnormalities associated with elevated International Normalized Ratio (INR). However, plasma alone may not always provide optimal correction. Adjunct pharmacological agents such as vitamin K1 (phytonadione), prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC), tranexamic acid (TXA), and Recombinant Factor VIIa (rFVIIa) are increasingly used to improve coagulation outcomes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the effectiveness of FFP transfusion and the role of adjunct pharmacological therapy in correcting elevated INR values.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital over a period of 1 year. Adult patients (≥18 years) receiving FFP transfusion for elevated INR (>1.5) due to bleeding or prophylaxis before invasive procedures were included (<i>n</i> = 120). Pre-transfusion INR values were compared with post-transfusion INR measured within 6-12 hours. Data on concomitant administration of vitamin K1, PCC, TXA, and rFVIIa were recorded. Exclusion criteria included congenital coagulation disorders, incomplete records, and out-of-hospital transfusions. Statistical analysis was performed using paired <i>t</i>-test and ANOVA for subgroup comparisons (<i>P</i> < 0.05 is significant).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean pre-transfusion INR was 3.15 ± 1.20, decreasing significantly to 1.96 ± 0.82 post-transfusion (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed greater INR reduction with adjuncts: FFP + PCC (1.78 ± 0.60), FFP + vitamin K1 (1.32 ± 0.52), FFP + rFVIIa (1.65 ± 0.55), and FFP + TXA (1.05 ± 0.48) compared to FFP alone (0.80 ± 0.45; <i>P</i> < 0.01). Minor transfusion reactions occurred in 3.3% of patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FFP significantly reduces INR in coagulopathy, with adjuncts like vitamin K1 and PCC enhancing correction. Rational integration of blood components and pharmacology optimizes outcomes and transfusion practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":94339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences","volume":"18 3","pages":"215-217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13472557/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148763127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of a Structured Pharmaceutical Educational Intervention on Maternal Knowledge of Pediatric Vaccines, Immunization Schedules, and Vaccine-Preventable Diseases: A Quasi-Experimental Study.","authors":"Selvaraj Hemalatha, Kandasamy Maheswari, Gaoudam Nadarajane, Panneerselvam Periasamy","doi":"10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_145_26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_145_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Immunization is a cornerstone of public health, preventing childhood morbidity and mortality. However, inadequate maternal knowledge often leads to incomplete immunization coverage.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the effectiveness of a structured teaching program (STP) on knowledge regarding the immunization schedule among mothers of children under five.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design was employed, involving 50 mothers in Sanarpalayam, Namakkal District, selected via purposive sampling. A structured questionnaire with 30 multiple-choice questions assessed knowledge. Data were analyzed using descriptive (mean, standard deviation [SD]) and inferential statistics (paired <i>t</i>-test, Chi-square test).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean knowledge score improved from 13.5 (SD = 4.05) in the pretest to 24.5 (SD = 5.03) in the posttest, with a 36% increase in the mean percentage score (<i>t</i> = 19.65, <i>P</i> < 0.05). Significant associations were observed between pretest knowledge and age (<i>χ</i> ² =11.56, <i>P</i> = 0.012) and education (<i>χ</i> ² =13.03, <i>P</i> = 0.025).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The STP significantly enhanced maternal knowledge of immunization schedules, emphasizing the need for ongoing maternal education to improve vaccination coverage and child health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences","volume":"18 3","pages":"248-250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13472585/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148763638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Phenotypic Techniques for Identification of Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella Species in Clinical Samples.","authors":"Ruchi Agrawal, Ramesh P Agrawal, Taruna Singh","doi":"10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_45_26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_45_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The rapid emergence of carbapenem-resistant <i>Klebsiella</i> species poses a serious threat to antimicrobial therapy and infection control worldwide. Reliable phenotypic detection of carbapenemase production is essential, particularly in resource-limited laboratory settings.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To compare the diagnostic performance of the modified Hodge test (MHT), modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM), and Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-modified carbapenem inactivation method (eCIM) for identifying carbapenemase-producing <i>Klebsiella</i> isolates.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 80 non-duplicate <i>Klebsiella</i> isolates obtained from various clinical samples over one year. Isolates resistant to imipenem and/or meropenem were screened for carbapenemase production and confirmed using MHT, mCIM, and eCIM as per clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI) guidelines. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 29.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 80 isolates, 52 (65.0%) were carbapenemase producers on screening. Positivity rates for MHT, mCIM, and eCIM among screened isolates were 73.1%, 92.3%, and 92.3%, respectively. A statistically significant agreement was observed between mCIM and eCIM (<i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>mCIM in combination with eCIM demonstrated superior reliability compared to MHT for phenotypic detection of carbapenemase-producing <i>Klebsiella</i>. These methods can be adopted as routine diagnostic tools in clinical microbiology laboratories.</p>","PeriodicalId":94339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences","volume":"18 3","pages":"260-262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13472573/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148763823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Study to Assess the Effect of Nonpharmacological Pain Relief Methods on Selected Maternal Parameters among Primigravida Women Admitted in Labor Ward in a Selected Hospital at Perinthalmanna, Kerala.","authors":"Ahalya Panneerselvam","doi":"10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_75_26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_75_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Labor pain is a significant challenge for primigravida women, often leading to adverse maternal and fetal outcomes.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This comparative study evaluated the effects of two nonpharmacological pain relief methods-slow paced breathing technique and Hoku point pressure-on selected maternal parameters, including pain perception, behavioral responses, fetal heart rate, cervical dilatation, and vital signs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A quasiexperimental design was employed with 90 primigravida women divided into three groups: Intervention Group I (slow paced breathing, <i>n</i> = 30), Intervention Group II (Hoku point pressure, <i>n</i> = 30), and Control group (routine care, <i>n</i> = 30). Data were collected using the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, behavioral rating scale (BRS) for behavior, and observational checklists for physiological parameters. Pre- and postintervention assessments were conducted during active labor.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results indicated significant reductions in mean pain scores in both intervention groups compared to the control (<i>P</i> < 0.001), with Hoku point pressure showing greater efficacy (postmean: 3.8 vs. 4.5 for breathing). Behavioral scores improved similarly, and maternal parameters like blood pressure and fetal heart rate remained stable without adverse effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study concludes that nonpharmacological methods are effective, safe alternatives for labor pain management, potentially reducing the need for pharmacological interventions. These findings support integrating such techniques into obstetric nursing practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":94339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences","volume":"18 3","pages":"209-211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13472569/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148764213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of a Structured Nursing Care Pathway Integrated with Standard Pharmacological Management on Biophysiological and Psychological Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Spinal Anesthesia: A Pilot Quasi-Experimental Study.","authors":"R Arul Malar, P Padmavathi","doi":"10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_88_26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_88_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Spinal anesthesia is a common technique for lower abdominal and limb surgeries, offering advantages such as rapid onset, and fewer systemic complications compared to general anesthesia. However, postoperative challenges including delayed wound healing, pain, impaired gastric motility, anxiety, and sleep disturbances remain prevalent. Standard pharmacological regimens (e.g., bupivacaine, paracetamol, tramadol, ondansetron, and pantoprazole) address these issues, but integrating structured nursing care pathways may optimize recovery.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This pilot study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured nursing care pathway combined with standard pharmacological management on biophysiological (wound healing, pain, gastric motility) and psychological (anxiety, sleep quality) outcomes in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test control group study was conducted among 20 patients undergoing spinal anesthesia (control = 10, experimental = 10). Both groups received standard pharmacological therapy, while the experimental group additionally received a structured nursing care pathway. Outcomes including wound healing, pain, gastric motility, anxiety, and sleep quality were assessed using validated scales and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, and Chi-square tests (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The experimental group showed significant improvements in all outcomes post-intervention (<i>P</i> < 0.05), with between-group post-test differences favoring the experimental group (<i>t</i>-values ranging from 8.25 to 10.12; <i>P</i> < 0.05). For instance, wound healing scores improved from 7.12 ± 0.88 to 17.1 ± 1.24 in the experimental group, compared to minimal changes in controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Integrating structured nursing care pathways with pharmacological management enhances postoperative recovery, reducing complications, and improving patient well-being. Larger randomized trials are recommended to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":94339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences","volume":"18 3","pages":"218-220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13472580/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148765849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Andrographolide Mitigates DOCA-Salt-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy by Regulating Calcium-Handling Genes.","authors":"Muhamad Rizqy Fadhillah, Wawaimuli Arozal, Raymond Rubianto Tjandrawinata, Dewi Sukmawati, Edwina Rugaiah Monayo, Deni Noviana, Melva Louisa","doi":"10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1700_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1700_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Cardiac hypertrophy is a maladaptive response to chronic hypertension and is often associated with impaired calcium handling. Andrographolide, a bioactive diterpenoid, has shown cardioprotective effects in several preclinical models, but its role in pressure-overload-induced hypertrophy remains unclear. This study evaluated the effects of andrographolide on cardiac hypertrophy, calcium-handling gene expression, and plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels in a deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt rat model of hypertension.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Fifteen male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent unilateral nephrectomy followed one week later by DOCA administration (20 mg/kg, subcutaneous, twice weekly) and 1% NaCl drinking water. After two weeks of DOCA-salt exposure, rats were randomized to receive oral andrographolide (30 mg/kg/day in 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose) or no treatment. Blood pressure was measured at weeks 2 and 5 using a tail-cuff system. At week 5, echocardiography was performed, followed by euthanasia and collection of cardiac tissue and plasma. BNP and cardiac calcium levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and colorimetric assay, respectively. Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca²+-ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) and ryanodine receptor (RyR) mRNA expression were quantified by PCR using β-actin as the reference gene.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>DOCA-salt treatment significantly increased blood pressure, left ventricular hypertrophy indices, plasma BNP, and cardiac calcium levels. Andrographolide attenuated these changes and restored SERCA2a and RyR expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Andrographolide alleviates DOCA-salt-induced cardiac hypertrophy, likely by restoring calcium-handling pathways, supporting its therapeutic potential in hypertension-induced cardiac remodeling.</p>","PeriodicalId":94339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences","volume":"18 3","pages":"203-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13472561/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148766632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of a Contemplated Nursing Intervention on Knowledge, Awareness, and Sensibility of Cyberbullying and Its Mental Health Consequences with Implications for Psychopharmacological Management Among Adolescents: A Pilot Study.","authors":"R Anisha, P Padmavathi, P Jayanthi","doi":"10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_76_26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_76_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cyberbullying is an emerging public health issue among adolescents, associated with psychological consequences such as anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances, often requiring clinical and pharmacological management. Preventive educational interventions may improve knowledge, awareness, and sensibility, thereby reducing mental health burden.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the effectiveness of a contemplated nursing intervention on knowledge, awareness, and sensibility regarding cyberbullying and its mental health consequences among adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A true experimental design was conducted among 20 adolescents (13-17 years) in selected schools in Coimbatore, India. Participants were randomly assigned to experimental (<i>n</i> = 10) and control (<i>n</i> = 10) groups, each subdivided to minimize contamination. Pre- and post-tests were administered using standardized tools. The experimental group received an eight-week nursing intervention involving mobile-based modules and vignette discussions. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Post-intervention, the experimental group showed significant improvements in knowledge (mean difference 6.3), awareness (16.6), and sensibility (6.3), with all participants achieving adequate or high levels. Control groups showed minimal change. Significant inter-group differences were observed (<i>P</i> < 0.05). No association was found between pre-test scores and demographic variables. Participants also demonstrated improved understanding of psychological consequences and treatment options, including counseling and Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The intervention effectively enhanced adolescents' understanding of cyberbullying and its mental health impact. Such programs may reduce psychological morbidity and future reliance on pharmacological management. Larger studies are recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":94339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences","volume":"18 3","pages":"212-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13472551/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148760626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional Outcomes of Percutaneous Lateral Pinning in Pediatric Supracondylar Humerus Fractures: A Prospective Study with Emphasis on Postoperative Analgesic Management.","authors":"K Uday Kiran, Chitarthrajasekar, S Pajani, K Arul Vignesh, Panneerselvam Periasamy","doi":"10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_150_26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_150_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Supracondylar fractures of the humerus are among the most common pediatric elbow injuries. Percutaneous lateral pinning is widely used due to its safety profile and reduced risk of ulnar nerve injury. Postoperative pain management plays a crucial role in recovery, yet limited studies evaluate analgesic requirements alongside functional outcomes.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate functional outcomes of percutaneous lateral pinning in pediatric supracondylar fractures and assess postoperative analgesic requirements.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A prospective study was conducted on 24 children aged 3-12 years with Gartland type II and III supracondylar fractures. All patients underwent closed reduction and percutaneous lateral K-wire fixation. Functional outcomes were assessed using Flynn's criteria, range of motion, and carrying angle. Postoperative analgesic use (paracetamol and ibuprofen) was recorded. Follow-up was conducted up to 6 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Excellent to good outcomes were observed in 100% of patients. Most patients (92%) achieved excellent results. Postoperative pain was higher during the initial 48 hour, requiring regular analgesics, but decreased significantly thereafter. No iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury or loss of reduction was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Percutaneous lateral pinning provides stable fixation with excellent functional outcomes. Effective postoperative analgesic management enhances recovery and patient comfort.</p>","PeriodicalId":94339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences","volume":"18 3","pages":"257-259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13472570/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148761125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Antimicrobial Prescribing Patterns and Resistance Trends in Intensive Care Units.","authors":"Pravin Yerpude, Rachana Akash Bhavsar, Konika Jain, P J Arun Shankar","doi":"10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_119_26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_119_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasing health issue worldwide with the intensive care unit (ICU) being the main place where the phenomenon has become common due to the high use of antibiotics. The purpose of the research was to study the pattern of antimicrobial prescribing and resistance of patients admitted at ICU in a tertiary care hospital.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The case of a prospective observational study was carried out during 12 months with 200 patients in the ICU who received antimicrobial therapy. Demographic, antimicrobial prescription, indications, and microbiological culture report data were gathered and compared. Descriptive statistics were represented as mean, standard deviation, and percentages, and Chi-square and <i>t</i>-tests were used in the inferential analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average age of patients was 54.6 years, and there were 62 males. The empirical antibiotic treatment was started in 78% of the cases with the most common ones (42% and 36%, respectively) being carbapenems and piperacillin-tazobactam. Only 28% cases showed de-escalation that was culture sensitive. Isolates with multidrug-resistance were found in 39% with the most common being <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> (18) and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (15). Carbapenems resistance was observed in 32% of the isolates. There was a considerable difference in mortality (34 vs. 18, <i>P</i> = 0.02) between patients who received inappropriate empirical therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The research paper indicates the common occurrence of empirical broad-spectrum antibiotic use and high resistance patterns in the ICU. Antimicrobial stewardship programs and following culture-directed therapy should be implemented to limit the increasing antimicrobial resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":94339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences","volume":"18 3","pages":"188-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13472577/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148763291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sonographic Evaluation of Thyroid Nodules with Elastography and Cytopathological Correlation.","authors":"P B Abinaya, Lavanya Dharmalingam, Siva Kaliyamoorthy","doi":"10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_53_26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_53_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Thyroid nodules are commonly detected with high-resolution ultrasonography. While most are benign, a significant minority are malignant, necessitating accurate risk stratification. Conventional ultrasound is sensitive but has limited specificity due to overlapping features.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound elastography in thyroid nodules by correlating elastography findings with cytopathology.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This analytical cross-sectional study included 100 patients (20-60 years) with thyroid nodules evaluated using B-mode ultrasound and TI-RADS classification. Shear wave elastography was performed to assess tissue stiffness. Nodules with suspicious features underwent ultrasound-guided FNAC, reported using the Bethesda system. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS v26.0, with significance set at <i>P</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age was 39.16 ± 12.24 years, with female predominance. Most nodules were hypoechoic, and 22% were TI-RADS 5. Elastography identified 28% of nodules as stiff. Cytopathology showed 56% benign and 44% malignant lesions. A weak but statistically significant negative correlation was observed between elastography findings and cytopathology (<i>P</i> = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combined use of ultrasonography, shear wave elastography, and cytopathology enhances thyroid nodule characterization. Elastography is a valuable adjunct to conventional ultrasound and FNAC, supporting improved risk stratification and clinical decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":94339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences","volume":"18 3","pages":"182-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13472582/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148763379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}