Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences最新文献

{"title":"Orphan Drugs and Diseases: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Heena Dixit Tiwari, Manoj Kumar Sahoo, M R Murali, Rahul Tiwari, Kamatham Manjusha, M C Prashant","doi":"10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_937_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_937_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rare diseases, though individually infrequent, collectively affect over 300 million people worldwide. The development of orphan drugs to treat these conditions is hampered by regulatory inconsistencies, high costs, and limited clinical trial populations. To systematically review the current landscape of orphan drugs and rare diseases, focusing on definitions, therapeutic approaches, health economic evaluations, and stakeholder perspectives. A systematic review was conducted using 70 reference-screened articles, out of which 10 were selected based on relevance to rare diseases or orphan drug policy, economics, or clinical management. Study types included systematic and scoping reviews, observational studies, and health economic evaluations. Data extraction focused on definitions, healthcare roles, cost analyses, and clinical outcomes. Definitions of rare diseases varied globally, impacting drug approval processes. Economic evaluations revealed disparities in funding orphan drugs. Studies emphasized the growing role of pharmacists and stakeholders in therapeutic access. High-cost burdens, ethical considerations, and diagnostic advancements were recurring themes. Pediatric and syndromic rare conditions, like Duchenne muscular dystrophy and Turner syndrome, were notably covered. Effective rare disease care requires harmonized definitions, ethical pricing models, interdisciplinary healthcare roles, and evidence-based policies to ensure equitable access and sustainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":94339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences","volume":"18 2","pages":"93-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13086369/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147725205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Panchashirishadi Agad</i>: A Systematic Review of its Anti-Allergic and Immunomodulatory Potential of <i>Albizia lebbeck</i>.","authors":"Shanti Manyala, Sonali Chalakh","doi":"10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1562_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1562_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Panchashirishadi Agad is a classical Ayurvedic formulation traditionally used in the management of allergic and toxin-mediated disorders, with Albizia lebbeck (Shirisha) as its principal constituent. Various parts of the plant-including bark, leaves, seeds, roots, and pods-are described in Ayurveda for diverse therapeutic actions. A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines to evaluate clinical and preclinical evidence supporting the anti-allergic and antihistaminic potential of Albizia lebbeck. Electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant studies published up to May 2025. Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising six clinical and eleven preclinical investigations. The bark and leaves demonstrated consistent anti-inflammatory, mast cell stabilizing, and antihistaminic effects, with clinical evidence showing improvement in pulmonary function among asthma patients using stem bark preparations. Overall, Panchashirishadi Agad, primarily through the pharmacological actions of Albizia lebbeck, shows promise as a multi-targeted herbal intervention for allergic conditions; however, further well-designed clinical trials are required to confirm its efficacy and safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":94339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences","volume":"18 2","pages":"96-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13086376/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147725332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, Perceptions and Attitude Towards Effect of Screen Time among Undergraduate Students.","authors":"Mehak Pant, Lubna Salman, Anupama V Betigeri, Hmangai Sangi, Harsh Widge, Harshita Raj","doi":"10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_948_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_948_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Students belong to the most significant groups of individuals that use technology. Screen time impacts several factors including health and behavior. It is still mostly unknown how physical activity and screen-grounded programming interact to affect health-related quality of life.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study had been carried out as a crossed sectional survey. (google form survey circulated to participating university students). The student selection for this cross-sectional survey, included all undergraduate students aged 18-30 years, studying in MRIIRS, Faridabad. Participants-100, inclusion criteria age: 18-30 years university students exclusion criteria age: below 18 years.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusion: </strong>The findings indicated that the combination of excessive screen time and no physical activity had the biggest detrimental effect on \"health-related quality of life\".</p>","PeriodicalId":94339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences","volume":"18 Suppl 1","pages":"S118-S119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12995040/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147482712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and Epidemiological Profile of Liver Dysfunction in Dengue Fever - A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Maria Davis, Sajit Varghese, Melbin P Thankachan","doi":"10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1653_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1653_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dengue fever is a major public health concern in tropical and subtropical regions, including Kerala, India. Hepatic involvement is a common but variable feature of the disease, ranging from asymptomatic transaminitis to acute liver failure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a single-center, observational, cross-sectional study over a 6-month period. Adult patients (≥18 years) with laboratory-confirmed dengue fever (NS1 antigen or IgM ELISA positive) were enrolled consecutively. Detailed clinical and demographic data were collected. Liver function tests, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), were monitored. Hepatic dysfunction was defined as an elevation of AST or ALT >2.5 times the upper limit of normal (>100 IU/L).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 216 patients were included (mean age 42.5 ± 16.1 years; 56.5% male). The overall incidence of hepatic dysfunction was 64.4% (139/216). A characteristic pattern of AST elevation greater than ALT was observed, with peak AST levels noted on day 4 of admission. The most common symptoms were fever (100%), myalgia (76.4%), and fatigue (69.9%). Patients with hepatic dysfunction had a significantly longer duration of hospital stay compared to those without (median 5 days vs. 3 days; <i>P</i> = 0.005). Furthermore, the need for platelet transfusion was significantly higher in the group with hepatic involvement (12.2% vs. 1.3%; <i>P</i> = 0.005). No mortalities were recorded in the cohort.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hepatic dysfunction is a frequent complication among hospitalized dengue patients in South Kerala and is associated with a more protracted clinical course, including longer hospital stays and a greater need for platelet transfusions.</p>","PeriodicalId":94339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences","volume":"18 Suppl 1","pages":"S179-S181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12995044/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147482736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Hybrid Arch Bars Versus Erich Arch Bars for Maxillomandibular Fixation in the Management of Mandibular Fractures-A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial.","authors":"V Vaishali, M Alagappan, Rajesh Pandiarajan, Harushi Anbukkarasu, Yadavi Soondron, Shahnaz Fathima, Sugil Dev","doi":"10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1047_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1047_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Mandibular fractures, being the most common facial fractures, involve maxillomandibular fixation (MMF) in both closed and open reduction techniques utilizing techniques like Erich arch bars, which pose risks of injuries to the surgeon and the patient. Recent advancements like Hybrid arch bars (HB), combine the advantages of arch bars and bone-supported devices, offering improved safety. This study compares outcomes between traditional Erich arch bars and SMARTLOCK HAB in MMF, addressing challenges posed by traditional methods and exploring the benefits of the recent advancement.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This single-center, unblinded randomized clinical trial enrolled 48 patients with mandibular fractures. The primary predictor variable was the device type used. EABs were secured with circumdental wires, while HABs were secured with self-drilling locking bone screws. Outcome variables included duration of device placement, glove perforation, prick injuries, gingival and periodontal health, root perforation, bone loss, pain assessment, and device removal duration. Devices were removed after six weeks under local anesthesia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age was 29.9 ± 8.3 years, and 91.7% were male. Primary outcome, duration of device placement, was significantly shorter for HAB (17.6 ± 14 minutes) than the Erich arch bar (EAB) group (41.4 ± 34.9 minutes), with removal duration also favoring the HAB system. Surgeon-related factors, glove perforation and prick injuries, were significantly lower with the HAB group. Patient-related factors showed lower pain scores and similar complications between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The HAB system offers an effective alternative with superior outcomes, with easier placement and removal, reduced risk of injury, and improved patient compliance.</p>","PeriodicalId":94339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences","volume":"18 Suppl 1","pages":"S47-S50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12995147/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147482817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation Between Early Childhood Oral Habits and Developing Malocclusions: A Pediatric-Orthodontic Cohort Analysis.","authors":"Vijender Kumar, Kangjam James Singh, Kinjal Jani, Ashim Roy, Roshni Mahajan, Teena Purohit, Vikram Singh","doi":"10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1508_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1508_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To use a cohort-based orthodontic analysis to examine the association between early childhood oral habits (such as mouth breathing, tongue thrusting, dummy use, and thumb sucking) and the occurrence, kind, and severity of developing malocclusions in a pediatric population.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A 2-year cohort study followed 220 children (ages 3-6) with full primary dentition and no orthodontic history. Examinations at baseline, 12, and 24 months assessed malocclusion, while caregiver questionnaires recorded oral habits. Logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex, and socioeconomic status, analyzed the impact of habits persisting over 3 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Malocclusion prevalence rose from 37.7% to 48.2%. Dummy use past age 3 was linked to posterior crossbite (OR = 3.58), and thumb/finger sucking past age 4 to anterior open bite (OR = 4.21). Tongue thrusting related to anterior open bite and mouth breathing to narrow maxilla and overjet. Duration and frequency predicted severity more than habit type.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Prolonged oral habits greatly increase malocclusion risk. Stopping them before age 3 or 4 can prevent dentoalveolar changes and reduce future orthodontic needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":94339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences","volume":"18 Suppl 1","pages":"S185-S187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12995124/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147482936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implant Stability and Elevation Outcomes of Crestal Sinus Floor Elevation with Densah Burs in Sites with Limited Residual Bone Height: A Prospective Clinical Study.","authors":"Khurram Latif Shah, Futun Eid Alanazi, Shouq Hussain Alkhaldi, Najem Ghanem, Danah Abdullah Alderaan, Rakhi Issrani","doi":"10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1572_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1572_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rehabilitation of the posterior maxilla with dental implants is often challenged by limited residual bone height (RBH) and sinus floor obliquity.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate clinical outcomes of crestal sinus floor elevation (SFE) using Densah burs with simultaneous implant placement in sites with oblique sinus floor morphology and RBH of 4-7 mm.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective clinical study was conducted on 60 patients requiring posterior maxillary implants. Patients were randomized into two groups: Group I (Densah burs alone) and Group II (Densah burs with adjunctive grafting). Outcomes assessed included final seating torque, vertical elevation achieved, and resonance frequency analysis (RFA) scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cohort included 25 men and 35 women (20-65 years). Elevation gain was significantly greater in Group I (4.22 ± 0.55 mm) than Group II (3.96 ± 0.29 mm; <i>P</i> = 0.042). RFA scores were significantly higher in Group II (74.33 ± 4.86) compared with Group I (67.76 ± 4.05; <i>P</i> < 0.001). Seating torque showed no significant difference.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Crestal SFE with Densah burs is a predictable technique for cases with 4-7 mm RBH.</p>","PeriodicalId":94339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences","volume":"18 Suppl 1","pages":"S150-S152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12995046/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147482961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Impact of Early Orthodontic Intervention on Pediatric Craniofacial Development: A Longitudinal Study.","authors":"Vijender Kumar, Danish U Z Khan, Shweta N Lakra, Lincy R Thomas, Mohit Zarekar, Najmul Huda, Miral Mehta","doi":"10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1509_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1509_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To compare the impact of early orthodontic treatment to an untreated control group in order to assess how it affects pediatric patients' craniofacial development and dental relationships.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Twelve children between the ages of 8 and 10 years participated in the intervention group and an untreated control group in this 36-month follow-up study. Both the baseline and final evaluations included thorough cephalometric, dental, and soft tissue evaluations.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Sagittal jaw relationships, maxillary transverse width, overjet and overbite reduction, facial convexity, and lip competence all significantly improved in the intervention group. There were not many changes in the control group. Significant intergroup differences were confirmed by statistical analysis (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>By improving occlusal harmony, improving facial aesthetics, and positively influencing craniofacial growth, early orthodontic treatment during the mixed dentition stage may lessen the need for more involved future interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":94339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences","volume":"18 Suppl 1","pages":"S188-S190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12995159/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147482963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Jaw Pathologies by Computed Tomography.","authors":"Esha Garg, Akhil Goyal, Mandeep Kaur, Neha Laskar, Arshdeep Kaur, Ashna","doi":"10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1349_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1349_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess and evaluate various jaw pathologies their nature, location, size, extent and effect on surrounding structures by CT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In total, 29 subjects of jaw pathologies and traumatic injuries of maxillofacial complex were subjected to CT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>showed characteristic and distinct features for various pathologies. Fisher exact test was applied to compare consistency of features like matrix, margins, density, and number.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CT plays a crucial role in depicting the exact extensions of pathologies and its relation to adjacent anatomical structures in all possible directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":94339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences","volume":"18 Suppl 1","pages":"S78-S80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12995158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147482967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Healing Outcomes of Periapical Lesions with Different Histopathological Features Following Endodontic versus Surgical Management.","authors":"Osama Magdy Monir Mostafa, Kavita Pankaj Sonwane, Danish Muzaffar, Mrunal Dave, Priyatam Karade, Medum Shabharish Shyam Kumar, Iram Ansari","doi":"10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1584_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1584_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to compare the healing outcomes of periapical lesions with different histopathological features, focusing on the effectiveness of nonsurgical endodontic therapy versus surgical management.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This observational study compared the healing of histologically confirmed periapical lesions after nonsurgical or surgical treatment. Patients were followed for ≥12 months. Healing was assessed clinically and radiographically at 6 and 12 months and classified as complete, incomplete, or no healing. Chi-square tests compared outcomes between treatment groups (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis revealed that nonsurgical management showed high success in periapical granulomas and pocket cysts, whereas surgical approaches provided superior outcomes in true cysts and persistent lesions. A comparative table demonstrated that complete healing was significantly more predictable when treatment modality was tailored to the lesion's histopathology.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Histopathological differentiation of periapical lesions plays a critical role in guiding treatment strategy. While nonsurgical therapy remains effective for most inflammatory lesions, surgical intervention is more beneficial for true cysts, underscoring the importance of lesion-specific management.</p>","PeriodicalId":94339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences","volume":"18 Suppl 1","pages":"S159-S161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12995122/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147482993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}