Advanced biomedical research最新文献

{"title":"Evaluating of HERV-K Genes Expression in Sperm Samples Collected from Infertile Men Compared to Fertile Individuals: A Case-Control Study.","authors":"Shaian Tavakolian, Zahra Rafiei Atani, Amir Zarei, Hossein Goudarzi, Amir Reza Abedi, Ebrahim Faghihloo","doi":"10.4103/abr.abr_530_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/abr.abr_530_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Having detrimental effects on the health-care system, infertility can be related to some risk factors, especially different kinds of viruses. Human endogenous retrovirus-k (HERV-K) env, gag, np9, and rec can be considered as one of these viral agents that are likely to cause male infertility, and we attempted to evaluate it.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This case-control study was conducted on sperm samples of 96 participants in Imam Hossein Hospital, Tehran, Iran, from January 2020 to December 2021. After extracting the RNA form these samples, we evaluated the expression of HERV-K env, np9, rec, and gag using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our data revealed that HERV-K, rec, np9, and env in abnormal samples were higher than normal ones. However, the opposite trend was true for gag expression since a meaningful reduction can be observed in abnormal samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of our study suggested that there is a plausible correlation between the expression level of this virus's genes and the progression of infertility. We proposed this marker as a promising biomarker to diagnose infertility. However, further studies are required to support these results.</p>","PeriodicalId":94292,"journal":{"name":"Advanced biomedical research","volume":"14 ","pages":"31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12087934/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144103292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CAR-T Cell Therapy: Managing Side Effects and Overcoming Challenges.","authors":"Maryam Golmohammadi, Negar Noorbakhsh, Maria Kavianpour","doi":"10.4103/abr.abr_531_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/abr.abr_531_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy is an innovative and promising approach to treat cancer. Clinical trials have demonstrated remarkable results, providing hope for patients who have exhausted more traditional therapies. However, this new therapy is not without challenges, as significant side effects have been associated with it. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is a widely recognized and consequential side effect of CAR-T cell therapy. Neurological toxicity is another potential side effect that can cause confusion and seizures in some patients. Hematologic toxicities, such as anemia and thrombocytopenia, can increase the risk of bleeding or infection. B-cell aplasia can also occur, leading to increased vulnerability to infections. Strategies to reduce the incidence and severity of toxicities include suicide, endogenous, and exogenous switches to modulate the activity of the immune system toward cancer while minimizing toxicity. Despite the obstacles faced by CAR-T cell therapy, continuous research and development in this area offer considerable potential for improving this treatment as a more reliable and efficient method for treating cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":94292,"journal":{"name":"Advanced biomedical research","volume":"14 ","pages":"38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12087935/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144103338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaginal Royal Jelly for Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Treatment: A Randomized Clinical Trial.","authors":"Maryam Ramazany Chaleshtori, Mahmoodreza Madadian, Azadeh Akbari Sane, Farahnaz Farzaneh, Vida Kazemi, Fatemeh Montazer, Susan Sarhadi, Maryam Taghavi Shirazi, Shahla Mirgaloybayat","doi":"10.4103/abr.abr_69_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/abr.abr_69_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC) is a prevalent and complex health issue in women. With the rising resistance to synthetic antifungal medications, there is a growing emphasis on exploring natural remedies that minimize disruption to the normal vaginal flora. The goal of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of vaginal Royal Jelly (RJ) compared with clotrimazole for VVC treatment.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This single-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted from 2020 to 2022 at Iran University of Medical Sciences hospitals, involving a total of 90 patients diagnosed with vaginal candidiasis. Positive vaginal culture individuals were randomly allocated to receive either vaginal 1000 mg RJ soft gel capsules or (2%) Clotrimazole cream (45 participants per group). Clinical signs, symptoms, and laboratory tests were statistically compared at baseline and ten days post-treatment. The data were analyzed using the independent t-tests, Mann-Whitney, Chi-square, and Wilcoxon tests through SPSS version 22.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After 10 days of treatment, both groups demonstrated a significant decrease in Candida culture results (<i>P</i> < 0.001). RJ also positively impacted vaginal symptoms such as itching, discharge, and burning. Moreover, most patients in both groups became asymptomatic post-treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present study points out the therapeutic effects of vaginal RJ, a novel natural drug for improving VVC.</p>","PeriodicalId":94292,"journal":{"name":"Advanced biomedical research","volume":"14 ","pages":"32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12087933/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144103375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Urtica dioica</i> Mediates Zinc-Copper Doped Nanoparticles as Potent Anticancer Agents against Human Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 Cell Line.","authors":"Fatemeh Tavanaei, Azadeh Mohammadgholi, Nastaran Asghari Moghaddam","doi":"10.4103/abr.abr_515_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/abr.abr_515_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recently, biosynthesis, also recognized as green synthesis, has emerged as an alternative for producing nano-metal oxides. In this study the anti-cancer activity of green-synthesized zinc-copper-doped <i>NPs</i> using <i>Urtica dioica</i> against the human BC-MDA-MB-231 cell line was investigated.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The synthesized bimetallic NPs using <i>U. dioica</i> through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), coupled with energy-dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDX) and UV-Visible spectroscopy was characterized. MTT assay assessed the toxicity in BC cells induced by <i>NP</i> exposure, determining the lethal toxic dose. Additionally, apoptosis in cells resulting from NP exposure was evaluated using the real-time PCR technique. The potential mechanism of toxicity induced by doped NPs was further assessed by lactate dehydrogenase, caspase-3, and ROS generation in BC cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The particles exhibited an irregular structure with non-uniform surfaces, and a variable size of NPs ranging between 22 and 46 nm was observed. Zn-doped-Cu NPs decreased the viability of MDA-MB-231 cells in both treatment groups in a dose-dependent manner. The IC₅₀ concentration of Zn-doped-Cu NPs significantly increased <i>Bax</i> expression and decreased <i>Bcl2</i>, <i>MMP2</i>, and <i>MMP9</i> genes thus playing a crucial role in apoptosis and metastasis prevention. Furthermore, a notable increase in LDH activity, caspase-3 activity, and ROS generation was observed in cancerous cells following exposure to biosynthesized NPs compared to MDA-MB-231 cells receiving extract and the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings underscore the remarkable apoptotic, antimetastatic, and antioxidant activity of biosynthesized Zn-doped-Cu NPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":94292,"journal":{"name":"Advanced biomedical research","volume":"14 ","pages":"30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12087931/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144103282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating Complex Thoracic Spinal Deformity: A Multifaceted Analysis of Life Quality Impacts and Emerging Therapeutic Approaches - Case Report of a 47-Year-Old Man.","authors":"Mohammadreza Elhaie, Abolfazl Koozari, Sayed Mehrdad Azimi, Mohammadreza Khademi, Iraj Abedi","doi":"10.4103/abr.abr_371_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/abr.abr_371_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This case report presents a 47-year-old male with severe thoracic scoliosis measuring 80 degrees and significant kyphosis. The patient reported chronic back pain, restricted mobility, compromised cardiopulmonary function, low self-esteem, and limited activities. Radiographs confirmed the deformity without congenital anomalies. Adult spinal deformities pose challenges due to skeletal maturity. Non-operative management has limited effectiveness for severe cases. Surgery risks must be weighed against benefits. Novel understandings of spinal biomechanics may enable less invasive corrections. The profound impacts of deformity on quality of life were demonstrated. A comprehensive, individualized approach is needed. Ongoing research may improve outcomes and redefine care standards.</p>","PeriodicalId":94292,"journal":{"name":"Advanced biomedical research","volume":"14 ","pages":"35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12087926/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144103348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation Between Delivery Type and Pelvic Floor Dysfunction: A Case-Control Study.","authors":"Azar Danesh Shahraki, Maryam Hajhashemi, Minoo Movahedi, Fatemeh Abbasi","doi":"10.4103/abr.abr_548_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/abr.abr_548_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mode of delivery is associated with pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between delivery type and PFD six-month after delivery.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This case-control study included primigravida females who had a normal vaginal delivery with episiotomy (VDE) or uncomplicated cesarean section. All participants underwent an evaluation to check the strength and endurance of the pelvic floor muscles (PFM), intravaginal pressure measurement, electromyographic activity recording of the PFM, and Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20 (PFDI-20) questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 260 patients were enrolled in our study and divided equally into two groups: uncomplicated cesarean delivery and VDE. Our findings showed significant differences in PFM dysfunction, electrical activity, strength, endurance, and vaginal pressure between the two groups. Patients who underwent an uncomplicated cesarean delivery had better outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study demonstrated that the severity of PFD in women who underwent uncomplicated cesarean section was lower than that in women who underwent VDE. VDE may cause PFM injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":94292,"journal":{"name":"Advanced biomedical research","volume":"14 ","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12087927/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144103307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Odds of Cognitive Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis Subtypes and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: A Case-Control Study.","authors":"Saeed Vaheb, Ziba Rajaei, Vahid Shaygannejad, Omid Mirmosayyeb","doi":"10.4103/abr.abr_434_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/abr.abr_434_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Autoimmune demyelinating disorders, such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), are caused by persistent inflammation and damage to the central nervous system. Cognitive impairment (CI) is a growing challenge in these diseases, underscoring the need for a thorough exploration of its prevalence and risk across various subtypes. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and odds of CI using the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) in various MS subtypes and NMOSD.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A case-control study involving 616 participants, including healthy controls (HC) and individuals with different MS subtypes (Relapsing Remitting MS (RRMS), Secondary Progressive MS (SPMS), Primary Progressive MS (PPMS)), clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), and NMOSD, was conducted. CI was defined as SDMT z-scores 1.5 standard deviations below the HC average. The chi-square test was used to assess the risk of CI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of CI varied across different groups: HC (10.7%), RRMS (33.8%), SPMS (71.3%), PPMS (62.8%), CIS (19.2%), and NMOSD (32.8%). Odds ratios (OR) for CI were significantly increased in RRMS (OR: 4.23, confidence interval (CI): 2.18-8.22, <i>P</i> < 0.001), SPMS (OR: 20.58, CI: 10.36-40.88, <i>P</i> < 0.001), PPMS (OR: 14.02, CI: 5.80-33.86, <i>P</i> < 0.001), and NMOSD (OR: 4.04, CI: 2.07-7.87, <i>P</i> < 0.001) compared to HC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study emphasizes a significantly increased risk of CI in MS subtypes and NMOSD compared to HC. Although no significant difference in CI risk was found between individuals with RRMS and NMOSD, those with progressive forms of MS exhibited notably higher risks of CI.</p>","PeriodicalId":94292,"journal":{"name":"Advanced biomedical research","volume":"14 ","pages":"34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12087929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144103353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fresh Versus Frozen Embryo Transfer in Women with Repeated Implantation Failure.","authors":"Saeideh Dashti, Sahereh Arabian, Robab Davar","doi":"10.4103/abr.abr_541_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/abr.abr_541_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To compare the outcomes of fresh embryo transfer (ET) versus frozen ET (FET) in women with recurrent implantation failure (RIF).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study was performed at Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute. A total of 498 cycles, including 418 FET cycles and 80 fresh cycles, from women with RIF were reviewed between February 2020 and February 2023. The chemical and clinical pregnancy rates and live birth rate were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FET cycles demonstrated significantly higher rates of both chemical (29.7% vs 13.8%, <i>P</i> = 0.002) and clinical pregnancy (20.6% vs 10.0%, <i>P</i> = 0.027) compared to fresh ET cycles. The live birth rate in the frozen transfer group was higher compared to the fresh transfer group, but the difference was not statistically significant (8.7% vs 4.9%, <i>P</i> value = 0.127).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings showed that FET cycles may be associated with improved pregnancy rates in women with RIF.</p>","PeriodicalId":94292,"journal":{"name":"Advanced biomedical research","volume":"14 ","pages":"36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12087930/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144103363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of Plasma Exosomal DNA for Detecting EGFR Mutations in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC).","authors":"Mohammad Mehdi Jahani, Parisa Mashayekhi, Mir Davood Omrani, Azita Azimi Meibodi","doi":"10.4103/abr.abr_640_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/abr.abr_640_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review systematically evaluated the literature on detecting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using plasma exosomal DNA by analyzing data from eight studies selected from a comprehensive literature search (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science; 2010-2024). The findings revealed a wide range of EGFR mutation prevalence (10%-26.8%) across studies, with most mutations located in exons 19 and 21. Comparative analysis highlighted the potential of plasma exosomal DNA (exDNA) as a non-invasive alternative to tissue biopsy, although significant heterogeneity in sensitivity and specificity was observed across liquid biopsy methods (including circulating tumor cells and exDNA analyses). This heterogeneity underscores the need for standardization and further validation to optimize the clinical utility of plasma exDNA in detecting EGFR mutations, monitoring treatment response, and identifying resistance mechanisms in NSCLC.</p>","PeriodicalId":94292,"journal":{"name":"Advanced biomedical research","volume":"14 ","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12087928/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144103367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasonic Imaging of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and Metabolic Syndrome with and without Thyroid Nodules: A Case-Control Patient-Based Study.","authors":"Maryam AmirAhmadi, Azim Moaatamedfar, Leila Moradi, Hamed Taheri, Hossein Taheri","doi":"10.4103/abr.abr_499_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/abr.abr_499_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The purpose of this work was to assess insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and metabolic syndrome prevalency among patients with and without thyroid nodules.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This case-control study was done on 86 patients with normal TSH level (0.5-4.5 mIU/L) and thyroid nodules, who referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital (Ahvaz, Iran). Besides, 43 non-nodule patients with normal TSH level and normal thyroid ultrasonic images were enrolled randomly from the general population as the control group. The parameters of metabolic syndrome including height, weight, hip circumference, waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), and persistence of high blood pressure were assessed in two groups. The fasting blood sugar (FBS), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and insulin levels were measured. The diagnosis of insulin resistance was made when the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index was ≥2.5.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean value of insulin resistance was considerably higher in nodule patients than the control group (3.02 ± 1.92 vs. 1.10 ± 1.55; <i>P</i> < 0.001). HOMA-IR was seen in 49 (57.0%) and 4 (9.3%) in thyroid nodule and the control group patients, respectively (<i>P</i> < 0.0001). WC, BMI, FBS, TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, and insulin levels were significantly higher in the nodular group than the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study illustrates that there is an association between HOMA-IR and thyroid nodules. The thyroid nodules patients have higher HOMA-IR value compared to other groups. Also, the most of metabolic syndrome parameters were considerably higher in the thyroid nodule group.</p>","PeriodicalId":94292,"journal":{"name":"Advanced biomedical research","volume":"14 ","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12087932/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144103372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}