Biogenic Ag-Cu Nanoparticles Synthesized with Extract of Eryngium Billardieri L. and Evaluation of their Anticancer Potential on PC-3 and LNCaP Cancer Cell Lines.
{"title":"Biogenic Ag-Cu Nanoparticles Synthesized with Extract of <i>Eryngium Billardieri</i> L. and Evaluation of their Anticancer Potential on PC-3 and LNCaP Cancer Cell Lines.","authors":"Zahra Ebrahim, Ghazaleh Feyzabadi, Nastaran Asghari Moghaddam, Azadeh Mohammadgholi","doi":"10.4103/abr.abr_255_24","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The anticancer action of biogenic Ag-Cu nanoparticles (NPs) using <i>Eryngium billardieri</i> against PC-3 and LNCaP cell lines in prostate malignancy was investigated.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>XRD, FTIR, EDAX, FESEM, and TEM were used to illustrate the Ag-Cu NPs. The PC-3 and LNCaP cell lines were used to test the anticancer ability of Ag-Cu NPs. The cytotoxicity was assessed by MMT and flow cytometry. Apoptotic and metastatic-promoting gene expressions were evaluated by real-time PCR. ROS generation was measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NPs are spherical and their average size was 12 ± 9.7 nanometers. The EDAX result indicated the presence of Ag, Cu, and C. The XRD results revealed the NPs' crystalline structure. The results demonstrated a remarkable antiproliferative effect of the nanoparticles, with IC50 values of 15.43 μg/mL for PC-3 and 7.64 μg/mL for LNCaP. The Ag-Cu NPs exhibited a tendency to trigger apoptosis. This was confirmed by analyzing apoptosis-related gene expression. The apoptotic influence of Ag-Cu NPs was suggested to be critical when compared to the control and extract-treated groups by the up-regulation of <i>Bcl2</i>-related X (<i>Bax</i>), <i>caspase3</i>, and <i>caspase9</i>, and the down-regulation of <i>Bcl2</i>. Furthermore, Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide presented a 23.15% and 22.3% apoptotic ratio of PC-3 and LNCaP cells, respectively. Vascular endothelial growth factor (<i>VEGF</i>), and metalloproteinases (MMPs) down-regulation showed that Ag-Cu NPs were hostile to metastasis. Also, ROS generation was estimated at 1261 and 1366 RFU in LNCaP and PC-3 cells treated with green-synthesized Ag-Cu NPs, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study suggested <i>E. billardieri</i> synthesized Ag-Cu as a potential candidate in prostate cancer therapeutic management.</p>","PeriodicalId":94292,"journal":{"name":"Advanced biomedical research","volume":"14 ","pages":"43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12165295/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Advanced biomedical research","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.4103/abr.abr_255_24","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: The anticancer action of biogenic Ag-Cu nanoparticles (NPs) using Eryngium billardieri against PC-3 and LNCaP cell lines in prostate malignancy was investigated.
Materials and methods: XRD, FTIR, EDAX, FESEM, and TEM were used to illustrate the Ag-Cu NPs. The PC-3 and LNCaP cell lines were used to test the anticancer ability of Ag-Cu NPs. The cytotoxicity was assessed by MMT and flow cytometry. Apoptotic and metastatic-promoting gene expressions were evaluated by real-time PCR. ROS generation was measured.
Results: NPs are spherical and their average size was 12 ± 9.7 nanometers. The EDAX result indicated the presence of Ag, Cu, and C. The XRD results revealed the NPs' crystalline structure. The results demonstrated a remarkable antiproliferative effect of the nanoparticles, with IC50 values of 15.43 μg/mL for PC-3 and 7.64 μg/mL for LNCaP. The Ag-Cu NPs exhibited a tendency to trigger apoptosis. This was confirmed by analyzing apoptosis-related gene expression. The apoptotic influence of Ag-Cu NPs was suggested to be critical when compared to the control and extract-treated groups by the up-regulation of Bcl2-related X (Bax), caspase3, and caspase9, and the down-regulation of Bcl2. Furthermore, Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide presented a 23.15% and 22.3% apoptotic ratio of PC-3 and LNCaP cells, respectively. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and metalloproteinases (MMPs) down-regulation showed that Ag-Cu NPs were hostile to metastasis. Also, ROS generation was estimated at 1261 and 1366 RFU in LNCaP and PC-3 cells treated with green-synthesized Ag-Cu NPs, respectively.
Conclusions: The study suggested E. billardieri synthesized Ag-Cu as a potential candidate in prostate cancer therapeutic management.