{"title":"Diversity in the Clinical Course and Outcome of COVID-19 in Patients with Different Inborn Errors of Immunity can be Associated with the Type of Error.","authors":"Negin Salemi, Behrokh Shojaie, Paria Bolourinejad, Roya Sherkat, Aryana Zamanifar, Farhoodeh Ghaedrahmati, Mahdieh Azizi, Hamid Aria","doi":"10.4103/abr.abr_134_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/abr.abr_134_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The relationship between inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) and COVID-19 severity and incidence rates remains unclear due to limited and diverse data. This study aimed to address this gap by identifying specific IEIs associated with an increased risk of severe COVID-19 or a predisposition to severe disease before vaccination.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Data were collected from the medical records of 15 patients with various IEIs, supplemented by interviews with individuals from an IEIs registry who had experienced COVID-19 before vaccination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the participants, only three patients (20%) experienced severe-prolonged COVID-19. Notably, this severity was predominantly observed in two male patients with Bruton's disease (BD) and one female patient with autosomal recessive hypogammaglobinemia. Moderate and severe COVID-19 cases were equally distributed (13.33%). In the female subgroup, one patient with common variable immunodeficiency and another with combined immunodeficiency experienced moderate and severe COVID-19, respectively. Conversely, both male patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 had BD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite the limited number of severe cases, the absence of cytokine storm manifestation suggests potential protective mechanisms, possibly due to intravenous immunoglobulin therapy and inherent deficiencies within cytokine-producing cells (B and T cells). While IEIs may not be significant risk factors for COVID-19, they offer promising avenues for further research into therapeutic strategies targeting specific immune system components to mitigate severe COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":94292,"journal":{"name":"Advanced biomedical research","volume":"13 ","pages":"112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11665184/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142883429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of the Frequency of Migraine and CVA Patients Based on Circle of Willis Morphological Variations in MRA Images.","authors":"Ali Reza Eftekhari Moghadam, Forouzan Absalan, Ehsan Khatavian, Milad Jalilian, Fatemeh Maghsoudi","doi":"10.4103/abr.abr_273_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/abr.abr_273_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Circle of Willis (CoW) forms a critical collateral route for the compensation pathway at the basal cistern of the brain. This study aims to determine if migraine headaches and cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs) are associated with the prevalence and patterns of CoW arterial variations seen in the three-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography technique in patients.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was undertaken by a systemic search of electronic databases in the Imaging Center, Abadan's Taleghani Hospital, Iran, from March 2020 to March 2022. Data on the prevalence of variations in patients who presented for screening for migraine and CVA were extracted and analyzed with Student <i>t</i>-test and the Chi-square method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings show complete CoW has been visible in 20.19% of our patients. The anterior part of the CoW was almost intact in all patients. The posterior part of CoW was mostly bilaterally hypoplastic (31.73%) or bilateral aplastic (29.81%) and in some rare cases unilaterally varied. In migraine patients, CoW was rarely in its classic form (15%) and was varied bilaterally in 72.5% of the cases. In CVA patients, CoW was in its complete vascular structure in 23.08% and bilaterally varied in 46.15% of all cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, migraine and CVA are associated with anatomical variations in the posterior portions of the CoW. Further larger prospective trials are needed to determine the true prevalence of CoW variations and their pathological significance.</p>","PeriodicalId":94292,"journal":{"name":"Advanced biomedical research","volume":"13 ","pages":"109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11665160/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142883452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"TNF-α-Induced NF-κB Alter the Methylation Status of Some Stemness Genes in HT-29 Human Colon Cancer Cell.","authors":"Hamid Zand, Seyed Ahmad Hosseini, Makan Cheraghpour, Meysam Alipour, Fatemeh Sedaghat","doi":"10.4103/abr.abr_75_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/abr.abr_75_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acquisition of stem-like properties requires overcoming the epigenetic barrier of differentiation and re-expression of several genes involved in stemness and the cell cycle. DNA methylation is the classic epigenetic mechanism for de/differentiation. The writers and erasers of DNA methylation are not site-specific enzymes for altering specific gene methylation. Thus, the aim of the present study is investigation of the <i>in vitro</i> interaction of ten eleven translocations (TETs) with nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in hypomethylation of stemness genes.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This experimental study was performed on HT-29 cells as human colorectal cancer cell lines. The interaction between TETs and DNA-methyltransferases 3 beta (DNMT3s) with p65 was achieved by coimmunoprecipitation. TETs were knocked down using siRNA, and the efficacy was analyzed by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The promoter methylation status of the target genes (NANOG, MYC) was determined by the methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TET3 and DNMT3b functionally interacted with p65 in samples through 25 ng/ml TNF-α treatment for 48 h in HT-29 cells. Transfection with siRNA significantly decreased the expression of TET enzymes after 72 h. Interestingly, treatment with TET siRNAs enhanced methylation of MYC and NANOG genes in samples with 25 ng/ml TNF-α treatment for 72 h in HT-29 cells. Moreover, methylation effects of TET3 were stronger than those of TET1 and TET2.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest that inflammation may alter the methylation status of genes required for stemness and predispose the cells to neoplastic alterations.</p>","PeriodicalId":94292,"journal":{"name":"Advanced biomedical research","volume":"13 ","pages":"114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11665177/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142884005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Erratum: Stem Cell Protein PIWIL2 Promotes EMT Process and Stem Cell-Like Properties in MCF7 Breast Cancer Cell Line.","authors":"","doi":"10.4103/abr.abr_603_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/abr.abr_603_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article on p. 250 in vol. 12, PMID: 38192888.].</p>","PeriodicalId":94292,"journal":{"name":"Advanced biomedical research","volume":"13 ","pages":"118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11665186/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142883450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohsen Meidani, Hana Saffar, Nahid Shafiee, Parvaneh Ebrahimi, Maryam Moradi
{"title":"Lingual Actinomycosis Mimicking Lingual Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC).","authors":"Mohsen Meidani, Hana Saffar, Nahid Shafiee, Parvaneh Ebrahimi, Maryam Moradi","doi":"10.4103/abr.abr_397_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/abr.abr_397_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Actinomycosis is an infection caused by <i>Actinomyces israelii</i> and mainly affects cervicofacial areas. In women, other regions, such as the chest, abdomen, and pelvic cavity can involve actinomycosis. Actinomycosis lesions in the oral cavity can cause pain, swelling, induration, pus discharge, and discomfort similar to other benign or malignant pathologies. This condition can mimic lingual cancer, such as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), which is highly invasive with a poor prognosis. It is necessary to distinguish actinomycosis from SCC and other malignancies to choose the proper treatment. The current study presents a patient with a suspicious lingual mass for SCC diagnosed as actinomycosis after partial glossectomy and pathological studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94292,"journal":{"name":"Advanced biomedical research","volume":"13 ","pages":"108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11665167/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142883927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Do Exercise and Magnesium Sulfate Improve Infertility Caused by Lithium Carbonate in Male Rats?","authors":"Elham Shoghi, Saideh Miri, Fatemeh Maghool, Abbas Ali Niazi, Hamed Fanaei, Parsa Niyazi, Mohadeseh Chahkandi, Abolfazl Parsi-Mood, Hossein Bagheri, Tahereh Safari","doi":"10.4103/abr.abr_216_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/abr.abr_216_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lithium (Li) is widely used in the treatment of bipolar disorder, but it may lead to toxicity in the reproductive system. Considering the harmful effect of Li consumption on fertility and the positive effect of magnesium sulfate (MgSo<sub>4</sub>) and moderate-intensity training (MIT) on improving the quality of men's sperm, the current research was conducted to determine the impact of MIT and MgSo<sub>4</sub> on infertility caused by Li.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Seventy-two male rats were divided into 12 groups, control, Li10 mg/kg/day/ip, MgSo<sub>4</sub> 80 mg/kg/day/ip; MIT; Li40 mg/kg/day/ip; Li10+MgSo<sub>4</sub>; Li10+MIT; Li10+MgSo<sub>4</sub>+MIT; Li40+MgSo<sub>4</sub>; Li40+MIT; Li40+MgSo<sub>4</sub>+MIT. All animals received the drugs every day. The groups under the exercise protocol followed this program for 42 days (6 weeks). Total sperm count, sperm concentration, total motility, and progressive motility were analyzed. A blood sample was taken from the heart to quantify testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Li40 mg/kg decreased the progressive motility and quantity of sperms together with nonprogressive motility and immobile sperms increased significantly. Administration of MgSo<sub>4</sub> and MIT alone and simultaneously led to a significant improvement in the above mentioned parameters. Li40 mg/kg reduced the serum level of testosterone and LH compared to the control group. On the other hand, the administration of MgSo<sub>4</sub> and MIT together with Li40 (Li40+MgSo<sub>4</sub>+MIT) did not have any effect on serum testosterone levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Li probably causes damage to reproductive functions by affecting the antioxidant system. However, MgSo<sub>4</sub> and MIT reduce the impacts of Li on the reproductive system and improved its performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":94292,"journal":{"name":"Advanced biomedical research","volume":"13 ","pages":"110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11665181/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142883432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hossein Akbari Aghdam, Seyedeh Ghazal Shahrokh, Omid Ahmadi, Koushan Rostami, Mohammad M Najafi, Amirhossein Sadeghian, Zahra Hosseini, Kasra Talebi Anaraki
{"title":"Evaluation of the Relative Frequency of Preinjury Activity Recovery in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Replacement Patients: A Cohort Study.","authors":"Hossein Akbari Aghdam, Seyedeh Ghazal Shahrokh, Omid Ahmadi, Koushan Rostami, Mohammad M Najafi, Amirhossein Sadeghian, Zahra Hosseini, Kasra Talebi Anaraki","doi":"10.4103/abr.abr_281_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/abr.abr_281_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury has an incidence of 0.05-0.08 per thousand. An inappropriate treatment plan could lead to articular cartilage damage and early knee osteoarthritis. Some surgical reconstruction techniques use different graft types; all of them try to restore the patient's preinjury activity levels. The current study aims to evaluate the efficacy of ACL reconstruction (ACLR) using an autologous hamstring tendon.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This is a retrospective one-center cohort study performed on consecutive patients with an ACL injury who underwent ACLR using semitendinosus and gracilis autograft. The postsurgical activity and fear were measured using Marx scale and Tampa scale of kinesophobia, respectively, during a follow-up of 18 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From a total of 76 patients included in our study, 40.8% were female. The mean age of the participants was 26.25-year-old. Five patients from those with kinesophobia (12.5%) and 34 patients from those with no-kinesophobia (94%) returned to the preinjury activity level (<i>P</i> value < 0.001). Marx scale six months after the surgery was significantly lower than the score before the surgery, but as expected, it improved during the 18-month follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current study showed that kinesophobia reduces the rate of return to preinjury levels. Maybe, overcoming this fear will help these patients to reach better results. However, we suggest implementing further trials in larger sample sizes before reaching a solid conclusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":94292,"journal":{"name":"Advanced biomedical research","volume":"13 ","pages":"117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11665178/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142883466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparing the Efficacy of Escitalopram with and without Crocin in Restoring I/O Functions and LTP within the Hippocampal CA1 Region of Stressed Rats.","authors":"Mehran Joodaki, Maryam Radahmadi, Hojjatallah Alaei","doi":"10.4103/abr.abr_18_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/abr.abr_18_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Escitalopram, a pharmacological compound, and crocin, the active compound of saffron, influence brain functions and serotonin levels. This study examined the efficacy of escitalopram with and without crocin in restoring the input-output (I/O) functions and long-term potentiation (LTP) within the hippocampal cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) region of stressed rats.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Rats were divided into six groups: control (Co), sham (Sh), stress-recovery (St-Rec), stress-escitalopram (St-Esc), stress-crocin (St-Cr), and stress-escitalopram-crocin (St-Esc-Cr) groups. They underwent 14 days of restraint stress (6 h/day). After being subjected to stress, they received 14 days of escitalopram (20 mg/kg) and crocin (30 mg/kg), as well as co-administration of these two compounds during the next 14 days. The field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) slope and amplitude were measured using I/O functions and LTP induction in the CA1 region. Corticosterone (CORT) levels were also evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The fEPSPs slope and amplitude in the I/O functions and LTP induction significantly decreased in stressed rats without therapeutic intervention. These variables in the I/O functions declined in rats with escitalopram administration alone. All electrophysiological parameters showed an increase in rats treated with crocin alone compared to stressed subjects without any treatment. Serum CORT levels decreased only with crocin treatment for stressed rats.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Neural excitability and memory within the CA1 region were severely disrupted among stressed rats without any treatment. Furthermore, administering crocin alone improved neural excitability and memory post-chronic stress. Treatment with escitalopram alone also impaired neural excitability within the CA1 region. The use of escitalopram with and without crocin did not enhance memory under chronic stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":94292,"journal":{"name":"Advanced biomedical research","volume":"13 ","pages":"116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11665179/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142883461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behrooz Ghezelbash, Mohammadreza Deyhim, Azita Azarkeivan, Ali Akbar Pourfathollah, Nahid Eskandari
{"title":"The Effects of Glutathione Monoethyl Ester on Different Biochemical, Oxidant, and Antioxidant Levels During Storage in Leukoreduced Red Blood Cells.","authors":"Behrooz Ghezelbash, Mohammadreza Deyhim, Azita Azarkeivan, Ali Akbar Pourfathollah, Nahid Eskandari","doi":"10.4103/abr.abr_169_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/abr.abr_169_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>It is essential to maintain the quality of the stored blood, because various factors affect the stored red blood cells (RBCs) over time, some red blood cell storage lesions (RCSL) develop during storage, and it could reduce the function of the RBCs. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of glutathione monoethyl ester on different biochemical changes, oxidant, and antioxidant levels in the leukoreduced RBCs (LR-RBCs) during storage.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>About 10 units of LR-RBC were collected, processed and stored according to the standard operating procedures (SOPs) of the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization. Each unit divided into 2 equal parts; LR-RBC treated with glutathione monoethyl ester and a control group. Exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and microvesicle derived from the RBCs (RBC-MVs), were measured by the flow cytometry method. ELISA was used to measure the level of glutathione, and 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG). Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) enzyme activity was measured with a chemistry autoanalyzer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The levels of glutathione reduced the initial value in the treated group (80%), and the control group (60%), respectively. Exposure of surface PS, ROS and RBC-MVs increased significantly during storage time for consecutive weeks to the amount of GSH. The levels of 2,3-DPG decreased with increasing storage time.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, The study suggest that glutathione monoethyl ester is effective to reduce the oxidative stress and the quality of RBCs can be improved.</p>","PeriodicalId":94292,"journal":{"name":"Advanced biomedical research","volume":"13 ","pages":"111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11665185/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142883959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Masoomeh Latifi, Forough Rahim, Mojtaba Ahmadlou, Nima Pouladian, Leili Allahbakhshian
{"title":"How Can Outdoor Air Pollutants Adversely Affect the Women's Fertility? Systematic Review.","authors":"Masoomeh Latifi, Forough Rahim, Mojtaba Ahmadlou, Nima Pouladian, Leili Allahbakhshian","doi":"10.4103/abr.abr_45_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/abr.abr_45_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the current century, air pollution is known as one of the most critical environmental problems and it is important to find the relations of air pollution and human health. Various air pollutants, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), can negatively affect women's fertility. An exhaustive electronic search was done from 2013 until July 2023 in PUBMED and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The following keywords were combined using Boolean hints in the databases queried: air pollution AND (fertility OR miscarriage OR embryo quality OR embryo development OR pregnancy OR implantation OR live birth). The randomized controlled trials, case-control and cohort studies analyzing the impact of air pollutants on fertility were included in the review. In this systematic review, a significant relation was found between the increase in air pollution and the reduction of fertility health, live birth rates, embryo quality, fertility, implantation rates, and miscarriage in exposed women. These results suggest low fertility health rates are associated with traffic-related air pollution. This review has concluded four components (particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur, and carbon monoxide) of traffic pollution that can impair women's fertility. Air pollution harms women's fertility. These effects affect gamete's quality at the genetic and epigenetic level. These effects also alter fetal development. Studies have also reported an effect on fetal growth with increased miscarriages. Since air pollution is everywhere and has many sources, it seems necessary to increase the awareness of people and government officials, especially in hygiene and health, to limit air pollutants as much as possible.</p>","PeriodicalId":94292,"journal":{"name":"Advanced biomedical research","volume":"13 ","pages":"115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11665180/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142883793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}