Evaluating the Prevalence and Risk Factors for Infection Following Total Hip Arthroplasty in Traumatic Femoral Neck Fracture Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Infection is one of the most difficult complications after total hip arthroplasty (THA). This study was designed to investigate the prevalence of infection after total hip arthroplasty in traumatic femoral neck fracture patients.

Materials and methods: This retrospective cohort study was performed in 2014-2018 on 441 patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty emergency following traumatic femoral neck fracture and the prevalence of infection was evaluated. Demographic data were collected from the patient's medical documents. The related risk factors include diabetes, body mass index (BMI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), ischemic heart disease (IHD), hypertension (HTN), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), intravenous (IV) drug abuse, duration of surgery, amount of bleeding during surgery, and also taking or not taking prophylactic antibiotics were collected and analyzed.

Result: In the present study, among 441 patients 24 of them had infection after total hip arthroplasty. The prevalence of infection was 5.4%. This study showed that gender (P = 0.85), age (P = 0.56), duration of surgery (P = 0.23), bleeding rate (P = 0.78), HTN (P = 0.27), IHD (P = 0.11), RA (P = 0.19), IV drug abuse (P = 0.054) did not increase the rate of infection after THA. Diabetes (P = 0.01), BMI (P < 0.001), CKD (P = 0.008), and the presence of underlying diseases (P < 0.001) had a significant relation with infection followed by THA.

Conclusion: In this study, diabetes, BMI, CKD, and the presence of underlying diseases are the most common risk factors for increasing the risk of infection after THA. There was no significant correlation between the prevalence of infection and the following factors, gender, age, duration of surgery, amount of bleeding, HTN, IHD, RA, and IV drug abuse.