The journal of adhesive dentistry最新文献

{"title":"Influence of Radiotherapy Timing on Sealer-Dentin Adhesion: A Confocal Microscopy and Push-Out Bond Strength Study.","authors":"Gamze Nalci Calik, Burcu Oglakci Ozkoc, Ceren Deger, Humeyra Capkin, Kerime Akdur, Alpaslan Mayadagli","doi":"10.3290/j.jad.c_2792","DOIUrl":"10.3290/j.jad.c_2792","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of radiotherapy timing on the dentinal tubule penetration and push-out bond strength of an epoxy resin-based sealer (AH Plus) and a bioceramic sealer (BioRoot RCS).</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>In total, 180 single-rooted sound human mandibular premolars were used and allocated to three main groups with different radiotherapy timings: Control (no irradiation), Before RT (irradiation prior to root canal obturation), and After RT (irradiation after root canal obturation). Subsequently, each group was subdivided into different sealer types: AH Plus and BioRoot RCS. For the Before RT and After RT groups, a cumulative dose of 60 Gy (6 weeks, 2 Gy per day, 5 days per week) was delivered. The dentinal tubule penetration depth was assessed using confocal laser scanning microscopy (n = 15), and the push-out bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine (n = 15). The data were analyzed using three-way ANOVA and Bonferroni tests (p 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the coronal thirds, the After RT group showed significantly lower tubule penetration and bond strength compared with the Control group for both sealers. In the apical thirds, BioRoot RCS was predominantly affected. The After RT group also showed significantly lower bond strength and tubule penetration than the Before RT group. These results were confirmed by the higher frequency of adhesive failures in the After RT group compared to the others. Finally, in the coronal thirds, AH Plus exhibited significantly higher bond strength than BioRoot RCS despite having lower dentinal tubule penetration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Radiotherapy timing significantly influenced sealer-dentin adhesion, varying by root canal levels and material types. Radiotherapy applied after obturation adversely affected the sealer-dentin interaction, resulting in reduced tubule penetration and bond strength, especially for BioRoot RCS.</p>","PeriodicalId":94234,"journal":{"name":"The journal of adhesive dentistry","volume":"28 ","pages":"143-151"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13531763/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148868644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Different Types of Adhesive Systems on Marginal Integrity of Class II Resin Composite Restoration.","authors":"Phattarasinee Phuntusuntorn, Kulapatch Engkatanachai, Weerachai Singhatanadgit, Yanee Tantilertanant","doi":"10.3290/j.jad.c_2789","DOIUrl":"10.3290/j.jad.c_2789","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the marginal integrity of cervical margin relocation (CMR) or deep margin elevation (DME) restorations using a universal adhesive in etch-and-rinse and self-etch modes, compared to gold-standard systems after 6-month water aging.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>Standardized mesial and distal Class II cavities were prepared in 32 human maxillary premolars. Specimens were assigned to four groups according to adhesive systems and modes: OFL (OptiBond FL), CSE (Clearfil SE Bond), UER (Single Bond Universal; etch-and-rinse), and USE (Single Bond Universal; self-etch) (n = 16 per group). After DME/CMR and final restoration, specimens were stored in 37°C distilled water for 6 months. Marginal integrity was assessed qualitatively via micro-CT by two calibrated observers and quantitatively via 0.5% methylene blue dye. Data were analyzed using weighted kappa coefficient, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), and one-way ANOVA with Games-Howell post-hoc tests (α = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Micro-CT showed high inter-examiner reliability (κ = 0.84) and stable interfacial adaptation across groups post-aging. However, dye penetration revealed that adhesive mode significantly affected microleakage (p 0.05), while proximal box concavity geometry had no significant effect (p > 0.05). The USE group exhibited the lowest mean microleakage (0.94 ± 0.62 mm), showing no significant differences from OFL and CSE. The UER group showed the highest mean microleakage (1.48 ± 0.09 mm), which was significantly higher than the USE group (p 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Within the limitations of this study, the self-etch application of universal adhesives provided superior durability of marginal seals for DME compared to the etch-and-rinse mode. Optimizing matrix application also minimized the influence of concavity geometry.</p>","PeriodicalId":94234,"journal":{"name":"The journal of adhesive dentistry","volume":"28 ","pages":"133-142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13500939/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148803938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Etching Protocols on the Bonding Performance of a HEMA-Free Two-Step Universal Adhesive to Caries-Affected Dentin.","authors":"Melike Bilce, Fatih Bedir, Günes Bulut Eyüboglu, Tugba Serin Kalay, Muhammet Karadas","doi":"10.3290/j.jad.c_2785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3290/j.jad.c_2785","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess the bonding performance of a two-step universal adhesive applied in etch-and-rinse and self-etch protocols to caries-affected dentin.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>Mid-coronal dentin surfaces were obtained from extracted human molars and assigned to either sound or caries-affected dentin groups. Specimens were randomly distributed into 12 subgroups (n = 10) based on adhesive type (G2-Bond Universal, Gluma Bond Universal, Clearfil S3 Bond Universal), bonding protocol (self-etch or etch-and-rinse), and evaluation period (24 h or aging). Resin composite blocks were fabricated and subjected to shear bond strength testing after 24 h or 10,000 thermocycles. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was employed to measure the degree of conversion of each adhesive. Statistical analyses included ANOVA, Weibull analysis, and Kruskal-Wallis tests (α = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Adhesive type and bonding protocol significantly influenced bond strength (p 0.001), whereas substrate condition and thermocycling had no significant impact (p > 0.05). After aging, Clearfil S3 Bond Universal in the self-etch protocol presented considerably lower bond strength to caries-affected dentin compared with G2-Bond Universal and Gluma Bond Universal, with no significant difference between the latter two. After aging, Gluma Bond Universal and G2-Bond Universal revealed significantly greater bond strength to caries-affected dentin when applied in the self-etch protocol than in the etch-and-rinse protocol. No significant differences were detected among adhesives when the etch-and-rinse protocol was used, regardless of testing time and substrate.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Phosphoric acid pre-etching negatively affected the bonding performance of Gluma Bond Universal and G2-Bond Universal to caries-affected dentin.</p>","PeriodicalId":94234,"journal":{"name":"The journal of adhesive dentistry","volume":"28 ","pages":"123-132"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13483063/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148803907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Tooth Whitening After Resin Infiltration on the Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets.","authors":"Christoph Matthias Schoppmeier, Li Sun, Malin Janson, Isabelle Graf, Bert Braumann, Max von Kohout, Anna Greta Barbe, Michael Jochen Wicht","doi":"10.3290/j.jad.c_2772","DOIUrl":"10.3290/j.jad.c_2772","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine the influence of different bleaching methods on the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets bonded to resin-infiltrated (Icon, DMG) extracted human enamel.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>64 extracted wisdom teeth were randomized into four groups (n = 16): 1. (-)control (no treatment), 2. (+)control (RI), 3. RI followed by 25% H2O2 (IOB) and 4. RI followed by 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching (HB). After a standardized demineralization protocol, RI and bleaching were performed according to the manufacturer's instructions prior to storage for 14 days. Brackets (Mini Diamond Twin, Ormco) were bonded buccally and lingually (Transbond XT, 3M). SBS values (MPa, traverse speed 0.5 mm/min, Zwick Roell) and the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) were determined on the buccal side. Following 5000 thermal cycles (5-55°C; RC 20 CS Lauda), SBS and ARI values for the lingual brackets were determined analogously. Data were analyzed with mixed ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests at a 0.05 significance level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Differences in SBS were observed among groups (F(3, 64) = 8.01, P 0.001). HB exhibited the lowest SBS values (14.99 ± 6.42 MPa; 10.84 ± 3.61 MPa), differing significantly from the negative control (P = 0.041; P = 0.002 after thermocycling). No significant differences were noted between IOB and HB. Thermocycling reduced SBS values across all groups (F(3, 64) = 25.83, P 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RI followed by bleaching negatively impacts bracket bonding strength, with a significant reduction observed after home bleaching, while in-office bleaching showed no such effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":94234,"journal":{"name":"The journal of adhesive dentistry","volume":"28 ","pages":"111-122"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13444693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148674426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Operator Experience Does Not Affect the Reliability of Universal Adhesives' Bond Strength; Adhesive Type Does.","authors":"Marwa Bawazir, Sibel A Antonson","doi":"10.3290/j.jad.c_2675","DOIUrl":"10.3290/j.jad.c_2675","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine the influence of operators' experience, dentin moisture condition (DMC), and adhesive type on shear bond strength, and evaluate the consistency of adhesive performance under these conditions to demonstrate clinical reliability.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>Six hundred sound dentin surfaces were randomly divided by five dentists with at least 10 years of experience (n = 300/5 dentists) and five first-year dental students without dental experience (n = 300/5 students). Each operator applied universal (UA) (Adhese Universal, Ivoclar) and etch-and-rinse (ERA) (OptiBond FL, Kerr) adhesives (n = 60/adhesive type) before and after receiving demonstration on the manufacturers' recommended application techniques by the principal investigator (PI), on wet, moist, and dry dentin surfaces (n = 5/DMC). DMCs were obtained by the PI before the operators applied the adhesives. The PI applied composite restorations (Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill, Ivoclar) and polymerized for 20 s. Shear bond strength (SBS) test was conducted after 24 h storage at 37°C, in 100% humidity. Boxplot, Log Worth, and Tukey HSD were used for statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median SBS of ERA obtained by dentists was 17.79 MPa with an interquartile range (IQR) of 19.61, while students showed a lower median of 13.52 MPa with IQR of 15.81. The UA showed consistency in SBS and reduced variability across operators with median SBS by dentists and students (25.53 MPa and 24.96 MPa, respectively), with narrower IQRs of 10.6 and 7.3, respectively. SBS of UA was significantly higher than ERA (P 0.001). UA obtained 7.38 MPa ± 0.89 greater SBS than ERA. While no difference in SBS by operator was observed for UA, dentists obtained 1.65 MPa ± 0.73 greater SBS than students with ERA. Dry and moist dentin surface conditions yielded higher SBS values compared to wet surfaces (P 0.001 and P 0.002, respectively), with no significant differences observed between moist and dry surfaces.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The tested UA provided reliable outcomes regardless of operator and DMC.</p>","PeriodicalId":94234,"journal":{"name":"The journal of adhesive dentistry","volume":"28 ","pages":"99-110"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13292752/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148304533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Different Specimen Preparation Methods on Dentin Shear Bond Strength: Polyethylene Tubes vs Jig System.","authors":"Sena Balaban Karakaş, Mert Karakaş, Asude Mürüvet Oğuz, Hacer Deniz Arısu","doi":"10.3290/j.jad.c_2707","DOIUrl":"10.3290/j.jad.c_2707","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study evaluated the influence of different specimen preparation methods on the shear bond strength (SBS) of a universal adhesive to dentin, with the aim of identifying a more standardized and reliable protocol for SBS testing.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>Thirty-three extracted molars were used to obtain 66 dentin surfaces. After surface preparation with 600-grit silicon carbide paper, specimens were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 22) according to the specimen preparation technique: tube-removed (polyethylene tubes removed before testing), tube-retained (tubes left in place during testing), and jig-based (Ultradent jig system, South Jordan, UT, USA). SBS testing was performed using a universal testing machine at 1 mm/min. Failure modes were analyzed under a stereomicroscope and representative specimens were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tamhane's T2 post-hoc test (α = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences were found among the groups (P 0.001). The highest mean SBS values were obtained in the jig-based group, followed by the tube-removed and tube-retained groups. Adhesive failure was predominant across all groups, with 100% adhesive failures observed in the jig-based group. SEM analysis revealed a more clearly delineated bonding interface in the jig-based group, while tube-based groups exhibited minor polyethylene residues.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings indicate that the specimen preparation method plays a critical role in the reliability and interpretation of SBS testing outcomes. The jig-based approach may provide more consistent and reproducible SBS results compared to tube-based methods, highlighting the importance of standardized specimen fabrication in adhesive dentistry research.</p>","PeriodicalId":94234,"journal":{"name":"The journal of adhesive dentistry","volume":"28 ","pages":"75-81"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13235578/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148159426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experts' Willingness to Restore With Direct Composite: Complexity, Cuspal Coverage, and Techniques.","authors":"Oliver Bailey, Frank Pfefferkorn, Thomas Attin, Roland Frankenberger, Bas Loomans, Anne-Katrin Lührs, Nicola Scotti, Diana Wolff, Reinhard Hickel, Niek Opdam","doi":"10.3290/j.jad.c_2709","DOIUrl":"10.3290/j.jad.c_2709","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Minimal evidence exists on how class II cavity complexity influences direct restoration provision or if complexifying factors influence the use of techniques and materials. This study aimed to explore: (1) experts' willingness to restore a variety of specific presentations of class II cavities with direct composite restorations; (2) the influence of cavity characteristics on this and the provision of cuspal coverage; and (3) how varying cavity presentations affected technique and material use.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>An e-questionnaire developed by international experts was distributed to 67 experts on direct composite restoration. The questionnaire section reported here presented vignettes of varying class II cavities, coded by potential complexifying factors. Respondents were asked if they would restore them with a direct composite. If so, it then asked what specific materials and techniques would be used. Regression analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Vignette response rate was 78%. There was a large variation in willingness to restore varying class II cavity presentations with direct composite. This was significantly influenced by the presence of large inter-proximal 'bridging' gaps, root fillings, broad boxes, ≥ 3 cavity surfaces involved and deep sub-gingival margins. When present, these complexifying characteristics affected material and technique use. Those willing to restore more complex cavities were more likely to use more curved circumferential bands and less likely to use a rubber dam, among other factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cavity complexity affects experts' willingness to place direct composite restorations. The willingness to use a variety of techniques was associated with a greater readiness to restore more complex class II cavities with direct composite.</p>","PeriodicalId":94234,"journal":{"name":"The journal of adhesive dentistry","volume":"28 ","pages":"83-97"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13237434/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148159546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving Orthodontic Bracket Adhesion to Monolithic Zirconia: Pretreatment Protocols Across Different Zirconia Types.","authors":"Natalie Kuipers, Matthias Kern, Sebastian Wille, Frank Lehmann, Sinan Sen, Maximiliane Amelie Schlenz, Alexander Schmidt","doi":"10.3290/j.jad.c_2668","DOIUrl":"10.3290/j.jad.c_2668","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The increasing use of monolithic translucent zirconia for fixed dental restora-tions in orthodontic patients has created new challenges for reliable bracket bonding. This in vitro study evaluated the influence of different surface pretreatment protocols on the shear bond strength (SBS) of metal brackets bonded to 3-mol% yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (3Y-TZP) and 5-mol% yttria-stabilized partially stabilized zirconia (5Y-PSZ) ceramics using an adhesive resin cement.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>Ninety-six specimens were prepared (n = 48 per zirconia type), each providing two bonding interfaces (n = 192). Three surface pretreatment protocols were tested: pumice slurry (PS), silicon carbide burr roughening (SiB), and alumina air-particle abrasion (AP). Metal brackets were bonded using an MDP-containing self-adhesive resin cement and a custom 3D-printed bonding device, applying a standardized load of 7.4 N. Half of the specimens were tested for SBS after 3 days of water storage at 37°C; the remaining half after artificial aging (37,500 thermocycles between 5°C and 55°C) for 150 days. SBS was measured using a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed using non-parametric tests (Kruskal-Wallis; Mann-Whitney U with Bonferroni-Holm correction; α = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Artificial aging significantly affected SBS, whereas zirconia type had no significant influence. After 3 days, no significant differences were observed among surface pretreatment methods. Following artificial aging, AP and SiB pretreatments achieved significantly higher SBS values than PS for both zirconia types. AP yielded the highest bond strengths overall (up to 51.3 MPa for 5Y-PSZ after 150 days). Spontaneous debonding occurred only in the PS groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although AP pretreatment achieved the highest bond strength values, its clinical application is limited by the risk of surface damage and uncontrollable intraoral pressures. SiB pretreatment provided clinically sufficient bond strength while preserving zirconia surfaces, representing a safer and more practical alternative. Pumice slurry alone was inadequate for reliable bonding. Thus, SiB can be recommended as a minimally invasive and effective clinical protocol for orthodontic bonding to zirconia restorations.</p>","PeriodicalId":94234,"journal":{"name":"The journal of adhesive dentistry","volume":"28 ","pages":"65-74"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13223366/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148059238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative In Vitro Evaluation of Residual Fiber Contamination from Applicators in the Adhesive Interface.","authors":"Alicia Miguel-Calvo, Santiago Berrendero, Belén Morón-Conejo, Francisco Martínez-Rus, Guillermo Pradies, Maria Paz Salido","doi":"10.3290/j.jad.c_2687","DOIUrl":"10.3290/j.jad.c_2687","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate and compare the presence and distribution of residual fibers from two different brands of adhesive applicators within the adhesive interface after active application of a universal adhesive.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>Eighteen sound human molars were prepared with standardized Class II cavities and randomly assigned to two groups (n = 9) according to the applicator used: group P (Proclinic SAU, Spain) or group K (Kerr, USA). A one-step self-etch universal adhesive (Scotchbond Universal Plus; Solventum, USA) was actively applied following the manufacturer's instructions. After polymerization, specimens were examined under ultraviolet (UV) light using an optical microscope. Residual fibers were identified, quantified, and categorized according to their location (external cavity surfaces, cavosurface margins, internal line angles, axial walls, and cavity floors). Data were analyzed using the Fisher-Freeman-Halton exact test (P 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Residual fibers were detected in all specimens, predominantly on external cavity surfaces, cavosurface margins, and axial walls. Statistically significant differences were observed between the two applicator brands (P 0.05), with group P showing a higher number and greater length of fibers than group K.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both applicator brands released microscopic fibers that became incorporated into the adhesive interface, revealing an unrecognized source of contamination and leading to rejection of the null hypothesis. Fiber distribution was not homogeneous across cavity surfaces. The proposed methodology proved effective for detecting and localizing applicator-derived residues, highlighting an overlooked source of contamination that may influence adhesive performance and restoration durability.</p>","PeriodicalId":94234,"journal":{"name":"The journal of adhesive dentistry","volume":"28 ","pages":"57-64"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13169626/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147936034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Composite Type, Surface Treatment, and Thermocycling Aging on the Shear Bond Strength of Repaired Composite Resins.","authors":"Didar Dilan Hartavi, Rafat Sasany, Murat Tiryaki","doi":"10.3290/j.jad.c_2659","DOIUrl":"10.3290/j.jad.c_2659","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study evaluated the effects of different surface treatment methods and thermocycling on the shear bond strength (SBS) of repaired composite resin restorations across three composite types (nanohybrid, bulk-fill, and microhybrid).</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>A total of 252 disk-shaped specimens (Ø20 × 5 mm, n = 7 per group) were fabricated from three composite resins: a nanohybrid composite (Filtek Z550; 3M ESPE), a bulk-fill composite (Opus Bulk Fill; FGM), and a microhybrid composite (Gradia Direct Anterior; GC). The specimens were divided into four subgroups according to surface treatment: no surface treatment (ST-C), airborne-particle abrasion (ST-AO), bur roughening with a medium-grit diamond bur under water cooling (ST-B), and phosphoric acid etching followed by application of a universal adhesive (ST-PH). For all groups, the repair procedure was performed using a nanohybrid composite (Filtek Z550; Ø2.38 × 3 mm). Aging protocols included water storage at 37°C for 24 h (Immediate), thermocycling for 10,000 cycles, and 30,000 cycles between 5°C and 55°C. Shear bond strength (SBS) was measured using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk and Levene tests, followed by three-way ANOVA (with stratified one-way ANOVAs where interactions were significant) and Tukey post hoc tests (α = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A three-way ANOVA revealed that composite type, surface treatment, and aging condition significantly affected SBS (P 0.001). SBS differed significantly among composites and surface treatments (P 0.001). For RC-BF, ST-PH provided the highest bond strength after 10,000 and 30,000 cycles. In RC-MH, bur roughening (ST-B) yielded the highest bond strength at 10,000 cycles. For RC-NH, ST-PH initially showed the highest SBS values; however, at 30,000 cycles, ST-B provided the best repair stability for the RC-NH group (12.96 MPa). However, the highest overall SBS value across all tested materials at this final aging stage was achieved by the RC-BF group treated with ST-PH (13.91 MPa).. Thermocycling significantly reduced SBS (P 0.001). Nanohybrid composites exhibited relatively stable SBS values across aging conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Appropriate surface treatment, particularly phosphoric acid etching combined with universal adhesive application, significantly increased shear bond strength following thermocycling. Nanohybrid composites demonstrated stable SBS trends across aging conditions compared with the other materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":94234,"journal":{"name":"The journal of adhesive dentistry","volume":"28 ","pages":"49-55"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13138319/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147793836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}