The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants最新文献

{"title":"The Effect of Basis Images and a Metal Artifact Reduction Algorithm on Artifact Expression and Trabecular Bone Architecture in the Vicinity of a Zirconia Dental Implant Placed in Different Mandibular Regions: An Ex Vivo Study.","authors":"Rocharles C Fontenele, Nicolly Oliveira-Santos, Eduarda H L Nascimento, Hugo Gaêta-Araujo, Thaísa P Silva, Deborah Q Freitas","doi":"10.11607/jomi.10569","DOIUrl":"10.11607/jomi.10569","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the effect of the number of basis images and metal artifact reduction (MAR) on an artifact's expression and trabecular bone architecture assessment in a medullary bone area close to a zirconia (Zr) implant placed in different mandibular regions on CBCT.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>CBCT volumes were acquired using the Picasso Trio unit with a Zr implant placed individually in either the anterior or posterior mandibular region, both with and without MAR, under two scanning modes: normal (450 basis images) and high (720 basis images). To measure the SD of gray values, a region of interest was placed mesial to the Zr implant site for artifact assessment. For trabecular bone architecture analysis, a volume of interest was established in the same area. The fractal dimension (FD), connectivity density (ConnD), trabecular thickness (TbTh), and trabecular spacing (TbSp) were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Zr implant increased the SD of gray values, especially in the posterior region without MAR, while activating MAR reduced these values regardless of the scanning mode (P < .05). The number of basis images generally had no impact on SD (P > .05), except in the posterior region without MAR, where the normal scanning mode showed higher SD values (P < .05). Implant presence reduced FD and ConnD in the posterior region; however, this effect was less pronounced with MAR enabled (P < .05). In the control group, the overall high scanning mode reduced FD and ConnD (P < .05), with a minimal effect on TbTh and TbSp (P > .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Zr implant increased artifact expression, particularly in the posterior mandibular region without MAR, which also resulted in decreased FD and ConnD. While increasing the number of basis images had little effect on the parameters, MAR minimized artifact expression and the reductions in FD and ConnD values.</p>","PeriodicalId":94230,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants","volume":"0 0","pages":"562-570"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143451346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Evolving Role of Digital Implant Dentistry: The Need to Balance Innovation with Scrutiny.","authors":"Clark Stanford","doi":"10.11607/jomi.2025.5.e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11607/jomi.2025.5.e","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94230,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants","volume":"40 5","pages":"528"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal Changes During Digitally Guided Implant Surgery Using Conventional and Single-Drill Protocols.","authors":"Aritza Brizuela-Velasco, Daniel Robles, Saray Fernández-Hernández, José Manuel Mendes, Ignacio Sanz, Javier Gil","doi":"10.11607/jomi.11066","DOIUrl":"10.11607/jomi.11066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare heat generation during osteotomy for dental implant placement using a conventional (sequential drilling) drill protocol versus a single-drill protocol in digitally guided surgery and to clarify differences in thermal exposure time.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this study, we used a bovine rib ex vivo model with a surgical splint and a type K thermocouple to measure temperature and time. The conventional protocol (n = 20) involved sequential drilling using six drills of increasing diameter, while the simplified protocol used a single drill (n = 20). Four implant beds were prepared in the tibia of a New Zealand rabbit to compare the mean temperature values between the in vivo and ex vivo models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Student's t-test revealed no significant differences (P = .1688) in temperature elevation between the conventional (mean = 1.977°C; SD = 1.165) and single-drill (mean = 2.634°C; SD = 1.734) protocols. However, significant differences between the groups were found in the exposure time: conventional drilling protocol-107.105 seconds (SD = 29.196); single-drill protocol-16.842 seconds (SD = 8.101). The mean temperature increases due to drilling were 0.365°C (SD = 0.204) and 0.378°C (SD = 0.381) in the rabbit tibia and bovine rib, respectively; however, no significant differences (P = .926) were found between the in vivo and ex vivo models.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Conventional and single-drill guided surgery protocols for implant bed preparation generate similar temperatures in vitro. Exposure time is longer with conventional protocols than with single-drill protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":94230,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants","volume":"0 0","pages":"605-612"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143071179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Clinician Experience on the Primary Stability of Tri-oval Versus Standard Parallel-Walled Implants Placed Using Different Surgical Protocols: An Ex Vivo Study.","authors":"Merve Çakır, Gül Merve Yalçın Ülker, Sina Saygılı, Mehmet Akif Durgun, Süleyman Çağatay Dayan, Bahadır Kan, Onur Geçkili","doi":"10.11607/jomi.11371","DOIUrl":"10.11607/jomi.11371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the effect that clinical experience has on implant primary stability using insertion torque (IT) and resonance frequency analysis (RFA) from two different drilling protocols: (1) implant-specific osteotomy protocol and (2) conventional drilling.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 60 tri-oval and 60 parallel-walled implants were placed in fresh bovine ribs by three clinicians (B.K., M.Ç., and M.A.D), who were classified according to the total number of implants they had previously placed. Tri-oval implants were placed with an implant-specific osteotomy protocol, and parallel implants were placed with conventional drilling. The ITs of the implants were measured by the same clinician who performed the operation. An independent examiner (O.G.) measured the RFA of all implants after placement via a resonance frequency analyzer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the IT evaluation, no statistical significance was observed between the clinicians and both tri-oval implants and parallel implants (P = .293 and P = .98, respectively); in all experience levels, the ITs were significantly lower in parallel implants. Additionally, across all experience levels, tri-oval implants demonstrated greater RFA values than parallel implants (P = .001). Within-group comparisons of RFA by experience level for the tri-oval implants did not show a statistically significant difference (P = .950). However, in parallel implants, there was a significant difference between the moderately experienced and inexperienced groups (P = .019).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The implant-specific osteotomy procedure with tri-oval implants offers greater primary stability compared to conventional osteotomy with parallel-walled implants, regardless of the clinician's experience.</p>","PeriodicalId":94230,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants","volume":"0 0","pages":"643-649"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144251622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of Surgical Treatment of Peri-implantitis: A Retrospective Cohort Study","authors":"Claudia Ros-Alcaraz, Maria Camila Erazo-Puentes, Octavi Camps-Font, Marta García-García, Rui Figueiredo, Eduard Valmaseda-Castellón","doi":"10.11607/jomi.11018","DOIUrl":"10.11607/jomi.11018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess the risk of recurrence or disease progression in patients with peri-implantitis who underwent surgical treatment.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study was carried out in patients subjected to peri-implant surgery between 2015 and 2021 with a minimum follow-up of 12 months. Data were analyzed using simple binary logistic regression models at the patient level and generalized estimation equations at the implant level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 34 patients and 103 implants were analyzed (70 of the implants received resective techniques and 33 of the implants received regenerative procedures). Fifteen patients (44.12%) experienced peri-implantitis recurrence and one patient (2.9%) lost an implant. No differences were found between the surgical techniques (P = .56). The following factors were found to increase the risk of recurrence: a history of periodontitis (OR = 4.62; 95% CI: 1.14–18.75) (P = .032), maxillary location (OR = 9.69; 95% CI: 1.81– 51.87) (P = .008), and two implants treated per procedure (OR = 31.68; 95% CI: 3.91– 256.54) (P = .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Almost half of all patients (44%) undergoing surgical treatment of peri-implantitis will present disease progression or recurrence. This risk seems to be higher in patients with several treated implants, with a history of periodontal disease, or with implants placed in the maxilla.</p>","PeriodicalId":94230,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants","volume":"0 0","pages":"591-598"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143019219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Horizontal Guided Bone Regeneration: L-PRF Bone Block Versus a Mixture of Autogenous Bone with Deproteinized Bovine Bone Mineral-A Split-Mouth RCT Study with a 25-Month Follow-up.","authors":"Rutger A L Dhondt, Marc Quirynen, Pierre Lahoud, Simone Cortellini, Andy Temmerman","doi":"10.11607/jomi.11095","DOIUrl":"10.11607/jomi.11095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess the differences between using leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) with a deproteinized bovine bone mineral block versus a combination of 50% autogenous bone (AB) and 50% deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) as grafting material for horizontal guided bone regeneration (GBR).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This randomized double-blind split-mouth clinical trial included 13 patients requiring bilateral horizontal bone augmentation. Each patient received both treatment modalities: one side of the jaw was treated via GBR with L-PRF and deproteinized bovine bone mineral block, and the other side was treated with a 50/50 mixture of AB and DBBM. CBCT scans were used to evaluate horizontal bone width (HBW) and buccal bone thickness (BBT) at the following time points: baseline (T0), immediately post-augmentation (T1), at implant placement (T2), and 1 year after abutment connection (T4). Bone sounding (BS) was also used to verify CBCT measurements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No statistically significant differences were found in HBW gain between test (L-PRF) and control (AB/DBBM) sites at any time point. Both sites showed significant HBW loss after implant placement, with more bone volume lost at higher crestal levels (at the implant shoulder level [Sh0], > 2 mm from the implant shoulder [Sh2], and > 4 mm from the implant shoulder [Sh4]). At the Sh2 level, 48.8% of the HBW gain at T1 was lost by T4 in test sites, and 46.2% of HBW gain was lost at the same time point in control sites. Similarly, BBT at Sh2 reduced from 4.7 ± 1.0 mm to 1.3 ± 1.5 mm in test sites and from 2.1 ± 1.0 mm to 0.9 ± 0.8 mm in control sites. Both groups of sites had one complication, resulting in a 91.6% success rate for both treatments. The cumulative survival rate of implants was 100% at 16 months, with a mean interproximal bone level (IBL) loss of 0.2 ± 0.9 mm and 0.1 ± 0.6 mm for test and control sites, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>No statistically significant differences were found between the AB/DBBM composite graft and the L-PRF and bovine bone mineral block for horizontal GBR. Significant resorption of grafted volume occurs within 25 months, continuing after implant placement. Further research with larger sample sizes is needed to confirm these findings and optimize GBR techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":94230,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants","volume":"0 0","pages":"579-590"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143070805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence Supports the Use of Short Implants as a Graftless Solution.","authors":"Michael S Block","doi":"10.11607/jomi.11188","DOIUrl":"10.11607/jomi.11188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To provide clinicians with information to develop a treatment plan to use short implants as either single or splinted restorations.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study design was an analytical review of articles that reported clinical data with at least a 1-year follow-up. PubMed was the main source of information, and the years reviewed included 1990 to 2023. The inclusion criteria for this analytical analysis included retrospective and prospective studies. The predictor variable was the use of short implants for fixed restorations. The primary outcome variable was implant status coded as survived or failed. The covariates were the type of restoration using either splinted short implants or short implants used as single-tooth replacements, and time to failure was either less than 1 year or at least 1 year. Bivariate statistics assessed the association between splinting or single implants and failure with a significance of P < .05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 50 articles were collated and summarized to answer specific clinical situation questions. Of those, 18 articles had retrospective or prospective data available for analysis, 11 articles were found for single-implant restorations, and 7 articles were found for splinted implant restorations. After applying the exclusion criteria, the sample size was 1,683 implants as reported in these articles: 853 single implants (50.7%) and 830 splinted implants (49.3%). A total of 62 (7.3%) single short implants failed compared to 36 of 830 (4.3%) splinted short implants. There were 565 implants that were > 8 mm in length, with 11 (1.9%) implant failures. The comparison between splinted and single-implant restorations for short and long implants was significant (P < .05) for all comparisons except for splinted versus single long implants. The comparison of the covariates single and splinted for both short and long implants separating failure < 1 year to longer loading indicated that short implants had more failure after loading (P < .05). The longer implants had nonsignificant differences comparing early failure to failures after longer loading.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Short implants, when splinted together, have similar success rates compared to longer implants based on evidence from the refereed reports. Single short implants did have an increased risk for failure.</p>","PeriodicalId":94230,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants","volume":"0 0","pages":"547-554"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143782329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Qualitative Analysis of Bone-Implant Interface After Implant Placement with Condensation Technique in Vitro.","authors":"Yuriy Garaev, Nina K Anderson, Rafael Delgado-Ruiz, Georgios E Romanos","doi":"10.11607/jomi.11080","DOIUrl":"10.11607/jomi.11080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To examine the presence of titanium (Ti) nanoparticles at the bone-implant interface during implant placement using the bone condensation technique in vitro.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Artificial Type 4 bone slices (4 mm thick) were securely held in place with a vise, and two groups of implants were placed. In the test group, implants were placed using the condensation technique with cylindrical osteotomes. In the control group, implants were placed following the traditional surgical protocol. Implants were placed in parallel between the bone slices held in the vise. Further, three groups of implant designs (six implants in each group) were placed into the bone. Two implant designs consisted of implants made of pure Ti (grade 4), while the third implant design group was constructed of Ti alloy (Ti6Al4V). Subsequently, the blocks were separated, and the peri-implant bone interface was qualitatively evaluated for Ti presence using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry at the coronal, middle, and apical thirds of osteotomies (n = 12 per implant system). A descriptive statistical analysis showing the mean values (± SD) of Ti nanoparticles was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No detectable Ti levels were identified in the control group of Ti-alloy implants compared to pure-Ti implants. In contrast, the test group for all implant systems showed the presence of Ti nanoparticles in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present results indicate that the bone condensation technique is associated with Ti release during implant placement in vitro. These findings were shown for both pure-Ti and Ti-alloy dental implants.</p>","PeriodicalId":94230,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants","volume":"0 0","pages":"599-604"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143071171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Equivalent Outcomes Following Submerged or Transmucosal Guided Bone Regeneration Procedures Using a Bioactive Collagen Membrane: A Prospective Case Series.","authors":"Brent Allan, Rudolf Boeddinghaus, Andrew Whyte, Mithran Goonewardene, Anh Thi Mai Nguyen, Christopher A Mitchell","doi":"10.11607/jomi.11043","DOIUrl":"10.11607/jomi.11043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of patients receiving two different healing strategies for their guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedures using a novel collagen membrane to support the implant placement.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 20 patients (27 implants) were included. They received either transmucosal (10 patients, 11 teeth) or submerged (10 patients, 16 teeth) GBR procedures. A standardized CBCT scan protocol was performed immediately posttreatment and in a follow-up visit at 4 to 6 months posttreatment. The distance from the implant shoulder to the first bone-to-implant contact on the sides of the implant (distance from implant to bone [DIB]), the horizontal dimension of the buccal alveolar crests, the quality of newly formed bone in the submerged group, the complication rate, and the pain score were reported.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Healing at all implant sites was uneventful, with mild swelling and inflammation within normal postoperative limits. The between-group quantitative analysis of CBCT images obtained immediately postoperatively (CBCT1) and 4 to 6 months postoperatively (CBCT2) showed no statistical difference in any parameter. Facial bone wall thickness at 1, 3, and 5 mm below the implant shoulder significantly decreased in both submerged and transmucosal procedure participants in CBCT2 compared to CBCT1.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Outcomes of GBR treatment were consistent with established clinical and preclinical evidence for the safety and performance of collagen barrier membranes in either submerged or transmucosal GBR procedures. In addition, these two different healing strategies exhibited similar clinical and radiographic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94230,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants","volume":"0 0","pages":"625-635"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Osteogenic Differentiation of Anodized Gradually and Nongradually Surface-Roughened Novel Implant Surfaces by 3D Cell Culture: In Vitro Study.","authors":"Berceste Guler Ayyildiz, Ayse Kocak, Emirhan Bozoglan","doi":"10.11607/jomi.11079","DOIUrl":"10.11607/jomi.11079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the effect of gradually and nongradually surface-roughened dental implants with identical macro designs and anodized surface topography on osteogenic differentiation in vitro in 3D cell culture.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study compared two groups of implants: (1) gradually (TiUltra) and (2) nongradually (TiUnite) anodized implant surfaces. Mouse-derived bone marrow stem cells (MSCs) were cultivated up to passage three. Subsequently, the GelXA BONE bioink (Cellink), which had been homogeneously combined with the cells, was transferred into polylactic acid cages that had been previously rinsed in phosphate-buffered saline. To assess cell viability and proliferation, metabolic activity was measured. The adhesion of cells was evaluated through the use of a DNA-binding probe. The expression of osteogenic differentiation genes was analyzed through quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis on days 7, 14, and 21. The osteogenic gene expression markers were type 1 collagen, fibronectin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteopontin (OSP), and osteocalcin (OC), with β-actin serving as the housekeeping gene.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No statistically significant differences were observed in cell viability and proliferation values. Nevertheless, the qPCR values for osteogenic differentiation markers were notably elevated in the TiUltra group compared to both the TiUnite group and the control group (P < .05). ALP values were significantly lower in the TiUltra group (P < .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It can be concluded that the TiUltra surface demonstrated higher osteogenic gene expression than the TiUnite surface. However, further experimental and clinical studies are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":94230,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants","volume":"0 0","pages":"613-624"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143652950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}