J Tartsch, B Chrcanovic, A Wennerberg, R Kohal, T Albrektsson
{"title":"Two-piece Zirconia Implants: An Office based Retrospective Study with up to 7 and mean 3 Year Follow-Up.","authors":"J Tartsch, B Chrcanovic, A Wennerberg, R Kohal, T Albrektsson","doi":"10.11607/jomi.11469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11607/jomi.11469","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Two-piece zirconia implants offer a metal-free alternative to titanium implants, but only limited long-term data are available. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of two different, identically designed two-piece zirconia implants (NobelPearl™ and Zeramex XT) in a private dental practice.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Between 2017 and 2024, 167 implants were placed in 106 patients and followed up to 88 months (Ø 39.1 months). In addition to the implant survival rate, marginal bone loss (MBL), clinical parameters and surface properties were examined using 3D profilometry. The statistical analysis included descriptive evaluations and a survival analysis using the life table method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three implants were lost (two fractures, one failed osseointegration), corresponding to an effective survival rate of 98.2%. The mean marginal bone loss varied between -0.14 mm and -0.58 mm. The surface roughness was minimal (Sa ~0.5 µm). No risk factor showed a significant association with implant loss in the univariate analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Two-piece, screw-retained zirconia implants showed a high survival rate and stable peri-implant tissue conditions over a period of up to seven years. They represent a promising metal-free alternative to titanium implants. Further prospective long-term studies are needed to validate these results and to better understand potential risk factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":94230,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants","volume":"0 0","pages":"1-36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144746624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Diagnostic Performance of Cone-beam Computed Tomography Low Dose Protocol on the Assessment of Bone Graft Loss Around Dental Implants - An Ex Vivo Study.","authors":"Henrique Mateus Alves Felizardo, Michelle Chang, Camila Tirapelli, Christiano Oliveira-Santos, Hugo Gaêta-Araujo","doi":"10.11607/jomi.11489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11607/jomi.11489","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the influence of low dose protocols through tube current reduction on two cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) devices on the evaluation of bone graft loss adjacent to titanium and zirconium implants.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Twelve titanium and twelve zirconium implants were placed in dry mandibles. Gaps of at least 2 mm were created around the implants and filled with bone graft. In half of the samples the graft was removed up to the third implant thread. Images were acquired in Eagle 3D and OP300 CBCT devices with different dose protocols (tube current from 4 to 12.5mA) and were evaluated by 7 observers. Diagnostic values were calculated and compared between implant material and dose protocols by two-way ANOVA (significance level 5%).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For Eagle 3D, zirconium implants displayed lower diagnostic values than titanium, regardless of the protocol used (p<0.05), while protocols did not affect the diagnostic values (p≥0.05). For OP300, zirconium implants presented lower values (p<0.05) compared to titanium implants. Also, there is higher sensitivity for high dose protocol compared to the low dose protocol (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Implant material influences bone graft loss detection, with lower diagnostic values for zirconium implants. Low dose protocols can be effectively used for titanium implant assessment; however, high dose protocols may be required for bone graft loss around zirconium implants.</p>","PeriodicalId":94230,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants","volume":"0 0","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144746623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tarla Oliveira Dos Santos, Rangel Lidani, Patrícia Pauletto, Gabriela Sabatini, Rafia Awais, Vinicius Dutra, Luis André Mezzomo
{"title":"Accuracy of Static Computer-Assisted Implant Surgery in Full- Arches: A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies with Meta- Analysis.","authors":"Tarla Oliveira Dos Santos, Rangel Lidani, Patrícia Pauletto, Gabriela Sabatini, Rafia Awais, Vinicius Dutra, Luis André Mezzomo","doi":"10.11607/jomi.11408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11607/jomi.11408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>In full arches, what is the accuracy of dental implants placed by means of static computer-assisted implant surgery (s-CAIS)?</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Two independent and calibrated reviewers selected studies based on pre-defined eligibility criteria and extracted data on study-, population-, intervention- and outcome (accuracy) characteristics. Risk of bias and the quality of evidence assessments of the included articles were performed by an independent and blinded reviewer. The meta-analysis was conducted using the random- effects model at a 5% significance level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty (5 RCTs, 9 CCTs and 16 Case Series) studies were included. Overall, 2,056 implants distributed among arches in 416 patients (males n=161; females n=188; unclear n = 67) were assessed. Random-effects meta-analysis revealed statistically significant mean horizontal linear distortions at the implant neck and apex levels of 1.18mm (95% CI: 1.00 - 1.35) (p<0.001) and 1.46mm (95% CI: 1.22 - 1.69) (p<0.001), respectively, significant mean vertical linear distortion at implant depth level of 0.58mm (95% CI: 0.18 - 0.98) (p=0.113) and significant mean angular distortion of 3.65° (95% CI: 2.97 - 4.33) (p<0.001). Accuracy did not differ significantly between maxilla and mandible at all parameters assessed (p>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The accuracy of s-CAIS in full arches is within a clinically acceptable range and a 2-mm ho rizontal and 1-mm vertical safety margin should always be respected at planning.</p><p><strong>Practical implications: </strong>A safety margin of 2 mm horizontally and 1 mm vertically in the planning for implant placement can ensure better results in full arches with reabsorbed bone.</p>","PeriodicalId":94230,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants","volume":"0 0","pages":"1-35"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144746622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Facts, Not Opinions: What Is Old Is New Again.","authors":"Clark Stanford","doi":"10.11607/jomi.2025.4.e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11607/jomi.2025.4.e","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94230,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants","volume":"40 4","pages":"396"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144715245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hung-Chi Liao, Joseph Y K Kan, Kitichai Rungcharassaeng, Guo-Hao Lin, Joey Chen, Otto Zuhr, Markus Hürzeler, Jaime Lozada
{"title":"Peri-implant Tissue Changes Around Maxillary Anterior Immediate Tooth Replacement With and Without Socket- Shield: 1-Year Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.","authors":"Hung-Chi Liao, Joseph Y K Kan, Kitichai Rungcharassaeng, Guo-Hao Lin, Joey Chen, Otto Zuhr, Markus Hürzeler, Jaime Lozada","doi":"10.11607/jomi.11308","DOIUrl":"10.11607/jomi.11308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate implant success rates and facial mucosal profile changes in maxillary single immediate implant placement and provisionalization with the socket-shield (IIPP+SS) technique and without the socket-shield (IIPP-SS) technique.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 30 dental implants in 25 patients were assigned to either the IIPP-SS group (15 implants) or the IIPP+SS (15 implants) group. Clinical and radiographic outcomes were collected preoperatively (T0) as well as at 2-week (T1), 6-month (T6), and 12-month (T12) postoperative follow-ups. The implant success rate, marginal bone level changes, facial mucosal level changes, and papilla level changes were evaluated at different time points. Facial mucosal profile changes were assessed individually for hard and soft tissue zones and as a whole using volumetric analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two implants were excluded (one patient dropped out and one implant failed) from the data analysis in this study, resulting in an overall implant success rate of 96.6% (28/29) after 1 year. Fewer facial mucosal profile changes were noted in the IIPP+SS group than in the IIPP-SS group; however, the difference was only marginally statistically significant (P = .06). No statistically significant difference was found in the facial mucosal level changes (P = .18) and papilla level changes (P = .67 for the mesial papilla level, P = .41 for the distal papilla level) between the IIPP-SS and IIPP+SS groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Within the limitations of this 1-year randomized controlled clinical trial, the IIPP+SS group appeared to maintain the implant facial mucosal profile slightly better than IIPP alone. Both treatment modalities provide clinically satisfactory outcomes biologically, functionally, and esthetically.</p>","PeriodicalId":94230,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants","volume":"40 4","pages":"459-467"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144715246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
José Joaquim da Rocha Ferreira, Luís Filipe Meira Machado, Marco Paulo Lages Parente, João Carlos Tomás Ramos
{"title":"Reliability of the Implant Stability Measurement Performed at the Abutment Level. A Retrospective Clinical Trial and an In Vitro Research.","authors":"José Joaquim da Rocha Ferreira, Luís Filipe Meira Machado, Marco Paulo Lages Parente, João Carlos Tomás Ramos","doi":"10.11607/jomi.10977","DOIUrl":"10.11607/jomi.10977","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To verify whether measuring the implant stability quotient (ISQ) at the abutment level is identical to the value obtained at the implant level.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective clinical study and in vitro study were performed. For each study, the ISQ measured at the implant level defined the control groups. The values obtained after the abutment seating comprised the test groups, which were divided into three test subgroups corresponding to three different multiunit abutments: (1) straight multiunit abutments (MUAS) and (2) 17-degree angled multiunit abutments (MUA17), both with a 2.5-mm collar, and (3) 30-degree angled multiunit abutments (MUA30) with a 3.5-mm collar. Data was compared by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Kruskal-Wallis test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The control group (59 implants; 79.14 [SD = 3.39]) showed significantly higher measurements than the test group (73.22 [SD = 8.54]). In addition, the subgroup measurements from MUA17 (16 abutments; 66.38 [SD=1.20]) and MUA30 (16 abutments; 69.19 [SD = 0.96]) were lower than the control group. No differences were found in the MUAS (27 abutments; 79.67 [SD = 1.48]) subgroup when compared with the control group (correlation of 0.68). Regarding the in vitro analysis, the control group measurements (36 implants; 68.02 [SD = 1.81]) were significantly higher than the test group (62.57 [SD = 2.87]). The control group measurements were also higher than each test subgroup (12 abutments each): MUAS (65.44 [SD = 0.73]), MUA17 (60 [SD = 0.43]), and MUA30 (62.29 [SD= 0.35]).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on the results of this study, determining the ISQ at the abutment level results in lower ISQ values than the implant level; note that these measurements may not accurately reflect the actual implant stability. Future research is needed to explore whether and under what circumstances a correlation exists between the ISQ measured at the implant level and abutment level.</p>","PeriodicalId":94230,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants","volume":"0 0","pages":"477-487"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142787925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Survival Rates and Risk Factors of Resorbable Blast Media Surface Dental Implants: A Retrospective Cohort Study with an Average 60-Month Follow-up.","authors":"Sercan Küçükkurt","doi":"10.11607/jomi.11205","DOIUrl":"10.11607/jomi.11205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the survival rates and risk factors associated with resorbable blast media (RBM) surface dental implants.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 1,130 RBM surface implants with hybrid macrogeometry were placed in 260 patients, with a follow-up ranging from a minimum of 26 months to a maximum of 120 months. Implant survival and failure rates were analyzed over an average 60-month follow-up. Failure rates were examined based on implant length, patient sex, and sinus elevation procedures. Additional factors such as patient age, implant placement timing (immediate vs delayed), GBR, implant diameter, and implant location were assessed to determine their impact on long-term implant success.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall survival rate for the implants was 94.4%, with most failures occurring within the first 12 months postoperatively. Male patients experienced significantly higher failure rates (7.36%) than female patients (4.0%). Short implants (8 mm) were particularly vulnerable to failure, with an 8.65% failure rate. Sinus augmentation procedures also presented an increased risk, with 10% failure for lateral sinus augmentation and 9.78% failure for crestal sinus elevation. In contrast, factors such as patient age, timing of implant placement, GBR, implant diameter, and implant location did not significantly influence failure rates. Notably, narrow-diameter implants (3.3 and 3.7 mm; n = 97) in the molar region did not increase the risk of failure, with only 5 experiencing failure. Failures after prosthetic loading were most common after about 3 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study confirms the long-term viability of RBM surface implants, with high survival rates when early failures are mitigated. Short implants and sinus elevation procedures pose greater risks of failure, particularly in the early stages. However, simultaneous GBR and sinus elevation procedures did not significantly impact long-term outcomes, affirming the safety and efficacy of these complex interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":94230,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants","volume":"0 0","pages":"408-416"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142788173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samuel Akhondi, Kevser Pala, Ignacio Pedrinaci, German O Gallucci
{"title":"Solving Challenges in Static Computer-Assisted Guided Surgery for Posterior Open-End Situations.","authors":"Samuel Akhondi, Kevser Pala, Ignacio Pedrinaci, German O Gallucci","doi":"10.11607/jomi.11060","DOIUrl":"10.11607/jomi.11060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This technical note serves as a practical guide for clinicians aiming to provide solutions to optimize the precision of static computer-assisted implant surgery (sCAIS) and the success of implant placement in free-end situations. Five methods are introduced for enhancing surgical guide stabilization and improving the accuracy of implant placement in situations lacking stabilizing adjacent teeth. These techniques include the use of keratinized soft tissue, implant-borne stabilizers, lateral fixation pins, transitional implants, and digital bone segmentation for guide support. Each method is evaluated for its potential to address the specific challenges faced in sCAIS, aiming to contribute to the field through practical solutions for clinicians.</p>","PeriodicalId":94230,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants","volume":"0 0","pages":"488-492"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141877112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Le Trung Chanh, To Viet Thanh, Pham Nguyen Quan, Phan Dinh Nhat
{"title":"Mandibular Implant-Supported Overdentures Using Telescopic Crowns and an Immediate Loading Protocol: A 2-Year Prospective Follow-up Study.","authors":"Le Trung Chanh, To Viet Thanh, Pham Nguyen Quan, Phan Dinh Nhat","doi":"10.11607/jomi.11150","DOIUrl":"10.11607/jomi.11150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the outcome of implant-supported overdentures using telescopic crowns for the treatment of edentulous patients with an immediate loading protocol.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study was conducted on 22 patients with edentulous mandibles visiting the Department of High Technique at the National Hospital of Odonto- Stomatology in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, for prosthodontic rehabilitation. Each patient received four interforaminal implants. An immediate loading protocol was applied, and Ankylos SynCone coping systems (Dentsply Sirona) were used to connect the prostheses and implants. The survival rates of the implants and prostheses, as the primary outcome, were evaluated postoperatively at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years. Peri-implant tissue condition, peri-implant bone loss, and patient satisfaction were the secondary outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The implant survival rate was 98.9%, with one failed implant. The peri-implant bone loss changes after 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years were 0.07 ± 0.22 mm, 0.12 ± 0.3 mm, and 0.15 ± 0.2 mm, respectively. No gingival hyperplasia was recorded. The prosthesis survival rate was 86.4%, with one fractured overdenture, one overdenture relining, and one abutment fracture.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Mandibular rehabilitation using implant-supported overdentures with telescopic crowns and an immediate loading protocol showed high survival rates for both the implants and prostheses at the 2-year follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":94230,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants","volume":"0 0","pages":"397-407"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142376497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Douglas Sampaio, Gustavo Batista Grolli Klein, Sheila Cavalca Cortelli, Jorge Luiz Rosa, Giovani Souza Vieira, Rogério de Lima Romeiro
{"title":"Relationship Between Roughness and Wettability of Nine Types of Implant Surfaces and Potential Interference of Surface Oxygen and Carbon: In Vitro Evaluation.","authors":"Douglas Sampaio, Gustavo Batista Grolli Klein, Sheila Cavalca Cortelli, Jorge Luiz Rosa, Giovani Souza Vieira, Rogério de Lima Romeiro","doi":"10.11607/jomi.11045","DOIUrl":"10.11607/jomi.11045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess the roughness and hydrophilicity of nine types of dental implant surfaces, examine the presence of contaminants-such as carbon and oxygen-on these surfaces, and explore potential correlations among these characteristics across the analyzed surfaces.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The analyzed surfaces were as follows: machined (turned) (MI) (Implacil De Bortoli), blasted with titanium (Ti) oxide (TOI) (Implacil De Bortoli), blasted with Ti oxide and acid etched (TOAEI) (Implacil De Bortoli), blasted with zirconia (Zr) and acid etched (ZAED) (DSP Medical), coated with calcium phosphate (CPD) (DSP Medical), subjected to an experimental treatment (patent pending; XD) (DSP Medical), double acid etched and activated with hydroxyapatite nanocrystals (DAEHAS) (S.I.N.), double acid etched (DAES) (S.I.N.), and untreated surface of the Plenum implant (AMP) produced by additive manufacturing (Plenum). Four disc-shaped specimens of each surface type were used in the hydrophilicity analyses, and five disc-shaped specimens of each surface type were used in the roughness analyses. Roughness was evaluated by optical profilometry and scanning electron microscopy, hydrophilicity was determined using the sessile-drop technique, and the chemical analysis was performed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, and Spearman correlation tests were employed to analyze the data (P < .10).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences were observed among the analyzed surfaces in terms of both roughness and hydrophilicity (P < .001). The surface that exhibited the highest roughness was AMP, whereas the greatest hydrophilicity was exhibited by the CPD surface. Correlations between roughness and hydrophobicity were only observed for the MI surface (r = 0.936, P = .009), ZAED surface (r = 0.957, P = .004), and DAES surface (r = 0.964, P = .005). The carbon concentration observed on the CPD surface was lower than that observed on the other surfaces, whereas the oxygen concentrations were similar across all groups. No correlations were observed between the presence of contaminants and the roughness or hydrophilicity characteristics.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The roughness and hydrophilicity values exhibited considerable variation among the tested surfaces. Aside from the CPD surface, comparable concentrations of carbon and oxygen were detected. Although correlations between roughness and hydrophilicity were observed only for the ZAED, DAES, and MI surfaces, these correlations were inadequate to establish a causal relationship between the two surface characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":94230,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants","volume":" ","pages":"439-448"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141910203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}