Spectrometric Analysis of Titanium Particle Release based on Various Implant Surface Detoxification Methods.

Titanium ions and particles (TiP) are associated with localized inflammatory response and may play a role in further peri-implant tissue breakdown.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate presence of TiP after instrumentation of implant surfaces using different debridement methods.

Methods: Six debridement methods, stainless steel (SS), titanium (T)-curette, ultrasonic tip (CV), an ultrasonic tip with plastic sleeve (CS), a CO2- and an Er,Cr:YSGG-laser were evaluated. A simulated defect was created around an implant in type II-bone block and irrigation was performed with water. A CO2-laser (non-contact, defocused beam, continuous wave, 2 W power) and an Er,Cr:YSGG-laser tip was used in contact with the implant (power of 2 W, 75 Hz, 40% water: 2% air). Twenty samples (per method) were collected using paper points after 30 seconds of instrumentation. Chemical composition analysis of the bone block, water irrigation and instruments (baseline) were evaluated for presence of TiP and liquid samples after instrumentation with an x-ray fluorescent spectrometer. Statistical analysis using simple t-test was performed for each debridement method.

Results: Baseline measurements showed no TiP. TiP were found in SS-, T- and CV-groups with values of 0.02340.0181, 0.0072±0.0037, 0.0051±0.0041 ppm, respectively. TiP were not observed in CS-, and laser groups. The semiquantitative data showed higher presence of TiP in the SS-, T- and CV-groups in comparison to the baseline (P < .0001).

Conclusion: TiP were found after instrumentation using SS, T, CV, which may affect the disease etiology and outcomes of peri-implantitis therapy, compared to CS, CO2- or Er,Cr:YSGG-laser irradiation.