The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants最新文献

{"title":"Clinical Outcomes of Dental Implant Fractures: A Case Series and Analysis of Influencing Factors.","authors":"Zhen Li, M M Yun Yang, Mbbs Meng Yang, M M Xin Tong","doi":"10.11607/jomi.11010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11607/jomi.11010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To observe and analyse patients with dental implant fracture and explore the factors influencing the fracture with the aim of providing reference for physicians' clinical work.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The clinical data of 19 patients with dental implant fracture who visited the Department of Implantology of our hospital between 2007 and 2019 were retrospectively observed and analysed, and the fracture's influencing factors (e.g. the fracted implant site, implant diameter and connection mode, upper prosthetic method and fracture site) were analysed and investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The fractured implants comprised 12 Straumann implants (5 fractured at the smooth dental neck and 7 atop the central screws), 5 Bego implants (4 fractured at the smooth dental neck and 1 atop the central screw), 3 Lifecore implants fractured atop the central screws and 1 Anthogyr implant fractured atop the central screw. Of the 19 patients, 6 had anterior dental implant fracture, and 13 had posterior dental implant fracture (21 fractured implants in total). Maxillary anterior dental implant fracture was observed in 6 patients (8 implants), maxillary posterior implant fracture was observed in 3 patients (3 implants), and mandibular posterior dental implant fracture was observed in 10 patients (10 implants).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A good implant system design, appropriate implant diameter and reasonable upper prosthetic method are key to maintaining long-term stability of a dental implant.</p>","PeriodicalId":94230,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants","volume":"0 0","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141877110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Titanium Base Abutment Height and Restorative Material on Torque Maintenance of Hybrid-abutment Restoration with Offset Implant Placement.","authors":"Mohammed Aboelkhier, Mohamed Ghazy, Walid Al-Zordk","doi":"10.11607/jomi.10948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11607/jomi.10948","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of titanium base height on torque loss of monolithic zirconia, lithium disilicate, and polymer-infiltrated ceramic hybrid- abutment restorations for offset placed implant.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Forty-two hybrid- abutment restorations supported by offset placed implants (diameter: 4.2 mm; length: 10 mm) were divided into 6 groups: short titanium base and zirconia (SZ), long titanium base and zirconia (LZ), short titanium base and lithium disilicate (SE), long titanium base and lithium disilicate (LE), short titanium base and polymer-infiltrated ceramic (SP), and long titanium base and polymer-infiltrated ceramic (LP). An adhesive resin cement was used to bond the restoration to the titanium base. The restoration was secured with titanium screw tightened to 30 Ncm by using a calibrated torque meter device. The specimens were exposed to thermocycling (5000 cycles at 5°C to 55°C), then cyclic loaded (120 000 cycles/50 N/1.6 Hz), where the load was placed vertically in mesial fossa of the restoration. After the loosening torque value of the abutment screw was measured by the torque meter device, the torque loss and its percentage were calculated. Two-way ANOVA, one-way ANOVA, and post hoc Tukey tests were used for statistical analysis of the data (α&#61;.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 2-way ANOVA test showed significant differences in loosening torque, torque loss and percentage of torque loss across the restorative material (P<.001), no significant difference across the height of titanium base (P&#61;.213) and no significant interaction (P&#61;.845) between restorative material and height of titanium base. Regarding the restoration type, 1-way ANOVA test showed significant difference (F ratio&#61;15.95, P<.001) in torque loss between groups. The mean torque loss value with monolithic zirconia was significantly higher than with lithium disilicate (P&#61;.039) and polymer-infiltrated ceramic (P<.001), respectively. Between the lithium disilicate and polymer-infiltrated ceramic, a significant difference (P&#61;.013) was also found.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The restorative material had a major effect on the torque maintenance in hybrid-abutment-restoration supported by offset placed implant, while the titanium base abutment height had no influence on it. Compared to lithium disilicate and polymer-infiltrated ceramic materials, monolithic zirconia induced higher torque loss when used as hybrid-abutment-restoration.</p>","PeriodicalId":94230,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants","volume":"0 0","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141877111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis of Risk Factors for Peri-implant Bone Loss.","authors":"Liang Liang, Yaoyu Zhao, Zhitong Ye, Zhan Gao, Ziqi Ma, Qi Yan, Bin Shi","doi":"10.11607/jomi.10939","DOIUrl":"10.11607/jomi.10939","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate multiple risk factors of peri-implant bone loss.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A case-control study was conducted on patients who had received dental implants treatment from January 2018 to December 2021. Implants with bone loss were included in the case group, and implants with no bone loss were included in the control group. Risk factors including history of periodontitis, abutment connection type, implant surface, diameter, location, three-dimensional position, opposing dentition, adjacent teeth, prosthetic type, retention type and custom abutment were evaluated. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to evaluate these risk factors, providing corresponding odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 776 implants in 479 patients were included in the analysis. The number of implants in the case group and the control group were 84 and 692, respectively. Cement-retained prostheses (OR&#61;2.439, 95%CI&#61;1.241-4.795) and nonplatform switch design (OR&#61;2.055, 95%CI&#61;1.167-3.619) were identified as weak risk factors. Horizontal deviation (OR&#61;4.177, 95%CI&#61;2.265-7.703) was a moderate risk factor. Vertical deviation (OR&#61;10.107, 95%CI&#61;5.280-19.347) and implants located in the mandibular molar region (OR&#61;10.427, 95%CI&#61;1.176-92.461) were considered high risk factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Implants in the molar region, cement retained, non-platform switch design, and poor three-dimensional implant positioning are identified as significant risk factors for peri-implant bone loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":94230,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants","volume":"0 0","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141474193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standard Versus Step Burs for Implant Site Preparation: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.","authors":"Stefano Corbella, Silvio Taschieri","doi":"10.11607/jomi.11037","DOIUrl":"10.11607/jomi.11037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>There are several factors that may influence implant site preparation with implant design being a paramount factor; however, few studies investigate its impact. The purpose of the study was to explore the comparative efficacy of using two different drilling protocols using burs with different design for preparing implant sites, by evaluating radiographic and clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The present randomized controlled clinical trial with an allocation ratio of 1:1 was carried on in two private practice offices by two experienced surgeons and researchers. In the control group the surgeons followed the protocol with standard straight burs while in the test group they used step burs. In both groups the patients received the same type of implants and prosthesis. The primary outcome was the marginal bone resorption one year after the prosthetic placement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the study were included and treated a total of 60 subjects (86 implants). At the one-year follow-up were screened 54 subjects (74 implants), and 50 at the 2-year follow-up (69 implants). This study showed no evidence of a difference in bone resorption, which increased significantly over time, between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both clinical parameters and patientcentered outcomes revealed no difference between the two protocols of implant site preparation with two different drill shape.</p>","PeriodicalId":94230,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants","volume":"0 0","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141474227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causes of Implant Failure and Subsequent Removal: A Retrospective Study in a Hospital setting.","authors":"L Paternò Holtzman, A Solderer, C Malpassi, P Palattella","doi":"10.11607/jomi.11008","DOIUrl":"10.11607/jomi.11008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite high rates of success for dental implants, implant failure due to several causes may require explantation. In the present retrospective study, implants removed between 2000 and 2022 have been registered and the cause of removal has been established. All implants were removed by a single operator (PPM) in the department of Oral Surgery of the George Eastman Dental Hospital in Rome, Italy. Characteristics of removed implants such as implant surface, morphology (bone versus tissue level implants), type of restoration (fixed versus removable), in the case of fixed restorations, mode of retention (cement versus screw-retained), location of the implant (maxillary versus mandibular arch) were recorded. Furthermore, patient-level characteristics were also recorded (systemic health conditions and medications taken, smoking habits and previous history of periodontitis). In total, 381 implants in 381 patients were removed in the 20-year time-span. The most frequent cause of removal was peri-implantitis (82.4% of implants), followed by implant malposition and loss of osteointegration. The survival time was not affected by the cause of removal, while bone level implants had a longer survival time versus tissue level implants. Maxillary implants had a higher prevalence of peri-implantitis compared to mandibular implants.</p>","PeriodicalId":94230,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants","volume":"0 0","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141474222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomechanical Effects of Titanium and Carbon Fiber Reinforced PEEK as Dental Implant Material: A Finite Element Analysis.","authors":"Engin Ediboğlu, Sıdıka Sinem Akdeniz, Esra Beyler","doi":"10.11607/jomi.10954","DOIUrl":"10.11607/jomi.10954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study is to examine the stresses on the peri-implant bone under occlusal forces of 30% Carbon fiber reinforced PEEK (Cfr-PEEK) and 60% Cfr-PEEK materials that can be used as an alternative to titanium dental implants by finite element analysis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Single-tooth implants of 30% Cfr-PEEK, 60% Cfr-PEEK and titanium were modeled in each of the maxillary anterior, maxilla posterior, mandibular posterior regions. As a result of the applied vertical and oblique forces; Von Misses stress, maximum principal stress and minimum principal stress values and stress distributions in the implant, cortical bone and spongious bone in each of the models were examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>30% Cfr-PEEK implants stress in the surrounding bone was higher than titanium and 60% Cfr-PEEK implants. The 60% Cfr-PEEK material displayed lower stress distribution on both cortical and spongious peri-implant bone in all models.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Titanium and 60% Cfr- PEEK implants exhibited biomechanically similar behavior and these implants conducted stresses to bone more homogeneous than the 30% Cfr-PEEK implants. Overall, oblique forces had more destructive effect than vertical forces and denser bone structure showed better stress distribution against incoming forces. For the routine use of Cfr-PEEK material as dental implant material; animal and long-term clinical studies are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":94230,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants","volume":"0 0","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141474194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective, Multi-center, Cohort Study Evaluating Clinical, Technical, Biological, and Esthetic Outcomes of Implant Supported Zirconia Single Crowns Cemented on Titanium-base Abutments: 7-year Mean Follow-up.","authors":"Peter Gehrke, Maria Julia Pietruska, Anissa Korth, Tanja Schöttler, Rafaela Jenatschke, Carsten Fischer, Robert Sader, Paul Weigl","doi":"10.11607/jomi.11039","DOIUrl":"10.11607/jomi.11039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To retrospectively evaluate the long-term clinical, technical, biological, and esthetic outcomes of implant supported single zirconia crowns (ISCs) intraorally cemented to Ti-base hybrid-abutments up to 16 years after placement.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 63 ISCs (Xive S, Camlog Screw Line, Replace Select TC NP, Branemark MK II, and 3i Osseotite) were evaluated in 36 patients at two different centers. Original Ti-bases were selected and zirconia meso structures and zirconia crowns were designed using CAD/CAM software and then milled from partially stabilized zirconia blocks. After the meso structures were cemented extraorally onto the Ti-bases, the ceramic crowns were intraorally luted to the hybrid abutments. The Ti-base ISC restorations were followed up for up to 16 years, and their clinical, biological, and esthetic outcomes were recorded at distinct time points (T1; T2) at three-year intervals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>36 patients (18 men, 18 women) received 32 ISCs in the anterior region and 31 in the posterior region of the maxilla and mandible. The mean follow-up of the Ti-base ISCs was 6.93 ± 2.60 years. The mean follow-up of the implants amounted to 8.11 ± 3.26 years. No implants were lost during follow-up, resulting in a cumulative implant survival rate of 100%. Abutment screw loosening was observed in two ISCs after one year in service. The overall cumulative restorative survival rate of the Ti-base restorations reached thus 96.83%. At T2 follow-up 24% of the ISCs exhibited an increase in PD despite maintaining clinically healthy peri-implant tissue. An 11% increase in BOP and a 3.17% decrease in PI were recorded. Despite spectrophotometrically measured ΔE values indicating visible discoloration of some restorations and their peri-implant soft tissue, a low incidence of esthetic complications was observed with an average PES/WES score of ≥ 12. No correlation was found between PES (R &#61; -0.25; p &#61; 0.27) and WES (R &#61; -0.18; p &#61; 0.43) scores and digital shade determination.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of the present retrospective, multicenter, cohort study indicate satisfactory clinical outcomes for intraorally cemented single zirconia crowns (ISCs) supported by Ti-base hybrid abutments. An overall esthetic superiority of Ti-base ISCs could not be confirmed.</p>","PeriodicalId":94230,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants","volume":"0 0","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141474225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stackable Guide and Immediate Full Arch Loading: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 43 Edentulous Arches-The STAGE Study.","authors":"A Levy-Bohbot, C Bertolus, A Durin-Touati-Sandler, T Gellée","doi":"10.11607/jomi.10998","DOIUrl":"10.11607/jomi.10998","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>As the population gets older, the prevalence of complete or partial tooth loss is increasing, significantly impacting people's quality of life. Scientific research demonstrates that implant-fixed complete dentures offer high levels of satisfaction. In certain cases, tooth loss can lead to significant bone atrophy, necessitating pre-implant bone reconstruction. We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving 43 arches, including or not bone grafts, rehabilitated using a stackable guided approach, which included an immediate loading protocol. The primary outcome measure was the survival rate of the implant at 4 months.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The digital workflow helps the design of the provisional prothesis before the implant surgery, which will be loaded immediately after the implant's placement. The stacked guides integrate both surgical and prosthetic considerations into a digital workflow.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>A total of 284 implants were placed. After a 4-month follow-up period, 10 implants (3.5%) exhibited no osseointegration and were subsequently replaced, resulting in an overall success rate of 96.5%. After 1 year of follow-up, a prosthetic success rate of 100% was observed, with all patients being able to progress to the stages for the permanent fixed dentures.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings support the use of this protocol for all patients, whether they require bone grafts or not. However, a long-term follow-up is essential for a comprehensive evaluation of these treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94230,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants","volume":"0 0","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141474226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Osteotomy Preparation Technique and Implant Diameter on Primary Stability and Bone-implant Interface of Short Implants (6 mm).","authors":"Theofilos Koutouzis, Kanika Bembey, Stavros Sofos","doi":"10.11607/jomi.10909","DOIUrl":"10.11607/jomi.10909","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the effect of osteotomy preparation technique and implant diameter on primary stability and bone-implant interface of short implants (6mm), when placed in bone with high degree of cancellous content.</p><p><strong>Material and method: </strong>90 short (S) implants (6 mm) divided in nine groups based on width (Narrow 4.2 mm, Regular 4.8 mm, Wide 5.4 mm) (N,R,W) and osteotomy preparation (Standard, Osteotome, Osseodensification) (ST, OT, OD) and placed in porcine tibia plateau bone samples: Group SN-ST; Group SN-OT; Group SN-OD; Group SRST; Group SR-OT; Group SR-OD; Group SW-ST; Group SW-OT and Group SW-OD. Insertion torque and Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) were measured. Four implants from each group SNST, SN-OT, SN-OD were evaluated histomorphometrically.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Insertion torque was significantly higher for implants of Group SW-OD compared to Group SW-ST (50.00 ±14.14 Ncm vs 28.00 ±10.85 Ncm, p&#61; 0.005) and Group SW-OT compared to Group SW-ST (46.87 ±17.10 Ncm vs 28.00 ±10.85 Ncm, p&#61;0.026). Insertion torque was significantly higher for implants of Group SW-OD compared to Group SN-OD (50.00 ±14.14 Ncm vs 31.5 ±15.82 Ncm, p&#61;0.04). No significant differences were observed for the percentage of bone, marrow space and connective tissue in contact to the implant surface between studied groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Osteotomy preparation technique at sites with high degree of cancellous content can influence the implant insertion torque for short and wide implants (5.4x6mm). Implant width can influence the insertion torque of short implants placed with the osseodensification technique.</p>","PeriodicalId":94230,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants","volume":"0 0","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141474228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Residual Debris within Internal Features of As-received New Dental Implants.","authors":"Chandur Pk Wadhwani, Tomas Albrektsson, Todd R Schoenbaum, Kwok-Hung Chung","doi":"10.11607/jomi.11002","DOIUrl":"10.11607/jomi.11002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate residual debris within internal features of new 'as received' dental implants.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 15 new dental implants representing various dental implant brands were obtained in sealed containers from the manufacturers. Batch numbers and implant types were documented. In a controlled setting, implants were carefully unpacked, and their internal aspects were visually examined. Further analysis involved light microscopy imaging to document and photograph any foreign material. The internal aspect of the implants were sampled with both an endodontic paper cone and a fine bristle brush swab. These were inserted into the implant, rotated three times, then removed and examined under a microscope at 30x magnification. Post sampling some of the brushes/swabs were washed with alcohol to remove debris that could be further examined under magnification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Inspection of the implants without magnification revealed no visible foreign materials. However, under light microscopy (x10 and x30), all 15 implants exhibited small black particles at various internal sites, including connections, threads, and deep within screw channels. Swabs evaluated at magnification detected what appeared to be metal particles in all 15 implants, ranging from distinct metal shards to smaller particles.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study suggests that implant manufacturers have not effectively removed all machining debris from within implant bodies, potentially producing prosthetic and clinical complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":94230,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants","volume":"0 0","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141474224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}