Effect Of Laser Photobiomodulation on Post-Surgical Healing, Implant Stability and Crestal Bone Levels around Implants: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Abstract

Background: In dental implantology, various techniques are used to support bone healing and enhance osseointegration. One such approach is photobiomodulation (PBM). So, this study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of 810 nm photobiomodulation (PBM) on post-surgical healing, implant stability, and crestal bone levels surrounding dental implants.

Methodology: Twenty participants with edentulous areas in the mandibular posterior sites were randomly divided into test or control group. After thorough clinical and radiological evaluations, dental implants were placed using the conventional technique in both groups. Photobiomodulation using an 810 nm diode laser was applied at baseline and again after one week in the test group. Clinical outcomes, such as implant stability were assessed initially at baseline and after 3 months using resonance frequency analysis (RFA). Post-surgical healing was assessed one week following surgery during suture removal. Radiographic parameters, specifically crestal bone loss, were recorded at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months using digital radiovisiography (RVG).

Results: At the three-month follow-up, stability was markedly higher in the test group as compared to the control group (p = 0.007*). Healing was also notably better in the test group (p = 0.045*). On comparison of mean crestal bone levels, the test group demonstrated noticeably lower marginal bone levels at 3 months on mesial side in contrast to the control group. By six months, however, significant differences in crestal bone levels were recorded at the mesial and distal aspects surrounding the implants.

Conclusion: Photobiomodulation demonstrated enhanced outcomes, including greater implant stability, improved healing, and decreased crestal bone loss relative to implants placed without its application.