The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants最新文献

{"title":"Long-Term Outcomes of Dental Implants Following Jaw Resection: A Comparative Analysis of Malignant Tumors and Benign Conditions.","authors":"Taro Mukaibo, Osamu Takahashi, Sho Mitsugi, Yusuke Kondo, Manabu Habu, Chihiro Masaki","doi":"10.11607/jomi.11420","DOIUrl":"10.11607/jomi.11420","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate and compare the survival rates of dental implants used for functional rehabilitation following jaw resection due to malignant tumors versus other causes, including benign tumors, osteomyelitis, and trauma.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted on 19 patients who underwent jaw resection and implant placement with bone-anchored devices for wide edentulous areas at Kyushu Dental University Hospital between June 2013 and February 2024. Patients were divided into two groups: those with jaw defects due to malignant tumors (T1 group) and those with defects from benign tumors, facial trauma, or osteomyelitis (T2 group). Implant survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests, with multivariate analyses via Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age and various clinical factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 64 implants were placed. In the patients receiving implants, 48.4% of defects were caused by malignant tumors. The 5-year cumulative survival rate was 69.2% at the patient level and 64.5% at the implant level. A significant difference was observed between groups. The T1 group exhibited a 5-year implant survival rate of 34.1% versus 92.3% in the T2 group (P = .002). The T1 group was significantly older (67.7 ± 9.4 years versus 47.1 ± 15.3 years) and showed a distinct pattern of late failures between 40 and 50 months. Multivariate analyses showed that malignancy remained associated with implant failure across most models, with varying magnitude based on included factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Implants placed after jaw resection for malignant tumors showed significantly lower survival rates than those placed after resection for benign conditions. This difference persisted across most multivariate models, though the magnitude of association varied considerably depending on the examined factors. These findings provide the first direct comparison of implant outcomes based on resection pathology and highlight the complex factors influencing implant survival in post-oncologic reconstruction.</p>","PeriodicalId":94230,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants","volume":"0 0","pages":"617-626"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145002315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Orofacial Somatosensory Changes of the Edentulous Mandible After Full-Arch Implant Surgery: A 6-Month Follow-up.","authors":"Guangju Yang, Qianqian Zhang, Qian Dingc, Xiaoxiang Xu, Lei Zhang","doi":"10.11607/jomi.11432","DOIUrl":"10.11607/jomi.11432","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate somatosensory function changes and recovery time in patients with an edentulous mandible after full-arch flap implant surgery using a standardized quantitative sensory testing (QST) protocol.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Fourteen patients with edentulous mandibles underwent full-arch alveolar flap implant surgery, with three or four implants placed in each case. A QST battery-including cold detection threshold (CDT), warmth detection threshold (WDT), thermal sensory limen (TSL), paradoxical heat sensation (PHS), cold pain threshold (CPT), heat pain threshold (HPT), mechanical detection threshold (MDT), mechanical pain threshold (MPT), wind-up ratio (WUR), vibration detection threshold (VDT), and pressure pain threshold (PPT)-was performed at the skin of the mental region (mentum region) and at the keratinized gingiva of the right canine (mucosa region). The QST was performed before surgery and 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery; data were calculated following the standard guideline.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The WUR at 3 months postsurgery was higher than that before surgery and at 1 month postsurgery (3 months = 3.81 ± 2.54; presurgery = 2.19 ± 1.34; 1 month = 1.85 ± 1.27; P ≤ .032). The CDT at 1 month postsurgery was lower than that before surgery and at 3 and 6 months postsurgery (1 month = -1.57 ± 0.70°C; presurgery = -1.01 ± 0.45°C; 3 months = -1.12 ± 0.50°C; 6 months = -1.04 ± 0.42°C; P ≤ .029). Z-score transformation was performed for each QST variable with the data before surgery as baseline. In both mucosal and mentum regions, the percentage of Z-scores below -1.96 before surgery and above 1.96 at 6 months postsurgery was lower than 5%; the percentage of Z-scores below -1.96 at 1 month postsurgery was 6.36% and 7.79% in the mucosal and mentum regions, respectively; the percentage of Z-scores below -1.96 at 3 months postsurgery was 6.36% and 7.14% in the mucosal and mentum regions, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Somatosensory abnormalities were detected in patients with edentulous mandibles after full-arch flap implant surgery (as evaluated by a comprehensive QST battery) even with no subjective symptoms, and somatosensory function was recovered after 6 months.</p>","PeriodicalId":94230,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants","volume":"0 0","pages":"643-654"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145002364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D Finite Element Analysis of Quad Zygomatic, Transnasal, and Pterygoid Implants for the Rehabilitation of Patients with Severely Atrophic Maxillae.","authors":"Onur Şahin, Onur Odabaşı, Xhini Rizaj, Ender Akan","doi":"10.11607/jomi.11477","DOIUrl":"10.11607/jomi.11477","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare the effects of different occlusal forces on quad zygoma, transnasal, and pterygoid implants in patients with severely atrophic maxillae using finite element analysis (FEA).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>CBCT data from patients with severely atrophic maxillae were gathered to create 3D FEA models. Three models were developed: Model 1 was a quad zygoma model with four zygomatic implants placed according to the extrasinus technique; Model 2 was a combination of one zygomatic implant placed using the extrasinus technique and one transnasal implant, with one pair on each side; and Model 3 used transnasal, zygomatic, and pterygoid implants. Two different forces were applied to the models: a 150-N vertical force at the first premolar, second premolar, and first molar region and a functional force consisting of a 100-N vertical force combined with a 50-N horizontal force at the same locations. Stress values in the bone, implants, abutments, and prosthetic framework were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Model 1 demonstrated the highest stress values on the implants, abutments, and prosthetic framework under both vertical and functional forces. Model 2 showed lower stress values compared with Model 1. Model 3 exhibited lower stress levels on the bone, implants, abutments, and prosthesis compared with the other models.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The use of transnasal implants with zygomatic implants presents an alternative to the use of the quad zygoma protocol. Additionally, in the model supported by pterygoid implants, the absence of cantilevers resulted in reduced stresses on the bone, implants, abutments, and prosthetic framework. We recommend the application of pterygoid implants alongside zygomatic and transnasal implants for long-term success and the prevention of biomechanical complications in the rehabilitation of severely atrophic maxillae.</p>","PeriodicalId":94230,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants","volume":"0 0","pages":"605-616"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145656579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Academic Cycle of Life.","authors":"Clark M Stanford","doi":"10.11607/jomi.2026.4.e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11607/jomi.2026.4.e","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94230,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants","volume":"41 5","pages":"556"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149121339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoimprinted SLA Implants Enhance Early Osseointegration Compared with a Hydrophilic SLActive Surface: Interfacial Biomechanical Analysis in a Rabbit Model.","authors":"Young-Taeg Sul, Byung-Soo Kang, Carina B Johansson, Tomas Albrektsson","doi":"10.11607/jomi.11886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11607/jomi.11886","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate whether hierarchical nano-in-micro (NIM) architecture combined with biofunctional chemistry enhances early osseointegration compared with a hydrophilic SLActive surface and to characterize interfacial biomechanics using a newly developed continuous removal torque-rotation (RTQ-rotation) analysis system.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Nanoimprinted SLA implants incorporating pit-confined NIM architecture and amine/carboxyl (-NH₂/-COOH) functional groups were compared with SLActive implants in a paired rabbit femoral model after 3 weeks (n = 11). Surface morphology and chemistry were analyzed by SEM/FE-SEM and XPS. The RTQ system continuously recorded torque versus rotation angle to assess interfacial strength and exploratory descriptors of stiffness, toughness, and failure behavior.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Conformal NIM architectures (10-80 nm) with biofunctional surface chemistry were imprinted within pre-existing micropits of SLA, SLActive, TiUnite, OsseoSpeed, and TSIII SA surfaces while preserving original microtopography. Nanoimprinted SLA implants demonstrated significantly higher removal torque than SLActive controls (84.1 ± 8.2 Ncm vs 65.1 ± 10.0 Ncm; p = 0.002). RTQ-rotation analysis revealed approximately 75% higher interfacial stiffness (3.96 vs 2.26 Ncm/degree), faster torque engagement (75.6 Ncm at 19.1-degree rotation), and increased resistance to progressive interfacial failure. Qualitative histology demonstrated more continuous early bone formation along nanoimprinted implant surfaces.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nanoimprinted SLA implants exhibited enhanced early interfacial biomechanics and qualitative bone response compared with SLActive. RTQ-rotation analysis revealed exploratory differences in interface stiffness, toughness, and failure resistance not detected by conventional peak torque measurement alone. Within the limitations of this 3-week rabbit model, these findings suggest that hydrophilic microtopography may not represent the biological limit of early osseointegration and that hierarchical NIM architecture combined with biofunctional chemistry may promote early bone-implant integration.</p>","PeriodicalId":94230,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants","volume":"0 0","pages":"1-37"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148889881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CBCT-Based Three-Tier Classification of Posterior Supracrestal Tissue Phenotypes: Analysis of Influencing Factors and Implications for Implant Surgical Planning.","authors":"Yun Xu, Ying Zhu, Lei He, Linhui Liu, Xiaoqiu Song, Xinxin Xu","doi":"10.11607/jomi.11595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11607/jomi.11595","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To establish a novel comprehensive classification system for supracrestal soft tissue height (STH) in posterior edentulous regions. On the basis of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) measurements of posterior STH, the distribution proportion of each STH category and its influencing factors were analyzed. Implant protocols were proposed according to class.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>CBCT images of 600 posterior edentulous teeth from 410 patients who met the inclusion criteria were included (average number of edentulous sites per patient is 1.46). The STHs of the edentulous areas were measured and divided into three classes: Class I (≤3 mm), Class II (3-4.5 mm), and Class III (≥4.5 mm). The percentage of STHs in each class was determined, and the relationships between the STH and sex, age, jaw, and tooth position were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Class I accounted for most STHs (75.3%), Class II accounted for 23.5%, and Class III accounted for 7 cases (1.2%). Sex was associated with STH, with thicker STHs (2.63±0.81 mm) in males than in females (2.38±0.77 mm) (p<0.05); the female group had a greater probability of thin STH (79.5%). The STH of the maxillary region (2.70±0.78 mm) was thicker than that of the mandible (2.25±0.73 mm), and the STH of the second molar (2.65±0.87 mm) was thicker than those of the premolar (2.45±0.74 mm) and first molar (2.33±0.73 mm) (p<0.05). Age was not associated with STH.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on our classification, most sites belonged to Class I, followed by Class II, with few Class III cases. Gender, jaw position and tooth site correlated with posterior STH, whereas age did not.</p>","PeriodicalId":94230,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants","volume":"0 0","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148889895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Prosthesis and Pickup Materials on the Bond Strength of Temporary Cylinders in Full-Arch Implant-Supported Interim Prostheses.","authors":"Mayomhom Udomsinroj, Jeong Hun Lee, Natalie Asavanant, Seok-Hwan Cho, Mateus Bertolini Fernandes Santos, Du-Hyeong Lee","doi":"10.11607/jomi.11782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11607/jomi.11782","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the effects of prosthesis and pickup materials on the shear bond strength and failure modes of temporary cylinders in full-arch implant-supported interim prostheses.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A fully edentulous study model with four implants was prepared, and full-arch interim prostheses were fabricated from either 3D-printed nanoceramic hybrid resin or heat-cured acrylic resin (n = 9 per material). Titanium temporary cylinders were connected to the implants, and three pickup materials were applied to secure the cylinders in the prostheses: acrylic resin, modified acrylic resin, and bis-acryl composite resin. After polymerization, cylinders were subjected to a push-out test, and maximum force and shear bond strength were calculated (n = 12 per group). Failure modes were classified as adhesive, cohesive, or mixed. Statistical analyses included Kruskal-Wallis with post hoc Dunn's tests, Mann-Whitney U, and mixed-effects modeling (α = .05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Maximum push-out force and shear bond strength differed significantly among pickup materials (P < .001), with acrylic and modified acrylic resins showing the highest values and bis-acryl composite resin the lowest. 3D-printed prostheses generally exhibited higher bond strength and cylinder retention than did heat-cured prostheses, although push-out differences were not significant. Failure modes were mainly adhesive, with minor cohesive remnants for acrylic and modified acrylic resins, while bis-acryl composite resin showed adhesive failure with material fragmentation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Acrylic-based pickup materials provided higher shear bond strength than bis-acryl composite resin, and 3D-printed nanoceramic hybrid resin prostheses offered superior bonding performance compared with heat-cured acrylic resin prostheses.</p>","PeriodicalId":94230,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants","volume":"0 0","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148889942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proximal Peri-implant Bone Behavior in Immediately Loaded Extra-Narrow Dental Implants: Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Hiromi Ikeda, Jean Ulhendorf, Ana Claudia Moreira Melo Toyofuku, Geninho Thomé","doi":"10.11607/jomi.11683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11607/jomi.11683","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the proximal bone behavior and 1-year survival rate of immediately loaded Ø2.9 mm narrow-diameter implants.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Eighteen immediately loaded implants were retrospectively assessed by standardized radiographic analysis at three time points: T1, immediately after placement; T2, 4-6 months post-loading; and T3, 12 months post-loading. Mesial and distal bone levels were measured relative to the implant-abutment interface at two positions: the point of bone contact with the implant surface (Alt1) and the alveolar crest (Alt2). Statistical significance was set at p < .05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No implant failures occurred, yielding a 100% survival rate. Within the first 6 months, significant bone remodeling was observed mainly at the lateral surface (Alt1), with losses up to 1.47 mm mesially and 1.37 mm distally, particularly in grafted sites (p = .004; p = .016). From 6 to 12 months, bone levels remained relatively stable with minimal additional changes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Within the limitations of this retrospective study, immediately loaded Ø2.9 mm narrow-diameter implants demonstrated 100% survival and stable peri-implant bone levels after 12 months. The most pronounced remodeling occurred at the lateral bone surface during the first 6 months, especially in grafted sites, followed by stability, supporting their short-term clinical predictability.</p>","PeriodicalId":94230,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants","volume":"0 0","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148889933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Full Digital Workflow for Mandibular Reconstruction with Iliac Crest Bone Graft and Implant Supported Prosthesis After Ameloblastoma Resection: A Case Report.","authors":"Ghida Lawand, Justin Norell, Luiz Gonzaga, Richard Nessif, Vicente Vera, William Martin","doi":"10.11607/jomi.11831","DOIUrl":"10.11607/jomi.11831","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This case report describes a digitally integrated surgical and prosthetic approach for mandibular rehabilitation after ameloblastoma resection. Virtual surgical planning and patient-specific guides were used for segmental resection and immediate reconstruction of an approximately 5- cm continuity defect with a nonvascularized anterior iliac crest corticocancellous graft and a preplanned reconstruction plate. After graft incorporation, prosthetically driven implant planning, guided placement of four implants, and digital fabrication produced a titanium-supported monolithic zirconia prosthesis. At 1 year, function, speech, esthetics, and patient satisfaction were favorable. The case illustrates how digital planning can coordinate established surgical and prosthetic methods, although longer follow-up is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":94230,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants","volume":"0 0","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148889901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of CGF Combined with Bio-Oss Bone Powder on Alveolar Bone Increment and Pink Esthetic Score in Patients Undergoing Implant Restoration for Lower Molar Defects.","authors":"Lu Fu, Wenhan Liu, Yabo Cao, Zhengwei Gong, Xinxuan Wang","doi":"10.11607/jomi.11866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11607/jomi.11866","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;The distal changes of mandibular second molars (M2M) after the extraction of mandibular third molars (M3M) are manifested as deep periodontal pocket, attachment loss and bone defects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of concentrated growth factor (CGF) and Bio-Oss bone powder on alveolar bone increment and pink esthetic score (PES) in patients with lower molar defects undergoing implant restoration.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;From January 2022 to June 2025, 168 patients with M2M distal bone defects after M3M extraction were classified into Bio-Oss group (93 cases) and CGF+Bio-Oss group (Bio-Oss bone powder and CGF mixed at a 1:1 ratio, 75 cases) by retrospective method. In all 168 patients the implant was placed in the mandibular molar region simultaneously with M3M extraction and grafting of the M2M distal bone defect at the same surgical visit (immediate implant placement); no delayed placement and no site treated by socket preservation alone were included, so that all 168 patients were evaluable for implant success. The primary clinical outcomes were implant success rate and alveolar bone increment at 6 months after surgery, and the secondary outcomes encompassed vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in gingival crevicular fluid before surgery and at 2 weeks and 3 months after surgery, clinical attachment loss (CAL), periodontal probing depth (PD) and PES at 3 months and 6 months after surgery as well as adverse reactions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;At 6 months after surgery, the implant success was achieved in 75 cases (100%) in the CGF+Bio-Oss group and in 89 cases (95.70%) in the Bio-Oss group. One case failed due to infection, and three cases failed due to periodontal inflammation. There was no statistically significant difference in implant success rate between the two groups (P=0.191). Alveolar bone increment was (3.37±0.75) mm in the CGF+Bio-Oss group and (2.60±0.74) mm in the Bio-Oss group, and alveolar bone increment was higher in the CGF+Bio-Oss group (P&lt;0.001). Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) results revealed that the group x time interaction effects of VEGF and BMP-2 were statistically significant in both groups (F=6.877, 5.649, P=0.010, 0.019), with 95%CI of the between-group difference in estimated marginal means (Bio-Oss group minus CGF+Bio-Oss group, averaged across the three time points) being -3.091 to -1.799 for VEGF and -3.942 to -2.768 for BMP-2 respectively. Furthermore, the CGF+Bio-Oss group exhibited higher VEGF and BMP-2 at 2 weeks and 3 months after surgery (P=0.012, 0.021, 0.020, 0.004). CAL and PD were lower while PES was higher in the CGF+Bio-Oss group at 3 months and 6 months after surgery (all P&lt;0.001). No obvious difference was found in the occurrence of adverse reactions between both groups (P=0.881).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;For patients with M2M distal bone defects after M3M e","PeriodicalId":94230,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants","volume":"0 0","pages":"1-31"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148889856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}