Outcomes of Surgical Treatment of Peri-implantitis: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Purpose: To assess the risk of recurrence or disease progression in patients with peri-implantitis who underwent surgical treatment.

Materials and methods: A retrospective cohort study was carried out in patients subjected to peri-implant surgery between 2015 and 2021 with a minimum follow-up of 12 months. Data were analyzed using simple binary logistic regression models at the patient level and generalized estimation equations at the implant level.

Results: A total of 34 patients and 103 implants were analyzed (70 of the implants received resective techniques and 33 of the implants received regenerative procedures). Fifteen patients (44.12%) experienced peri-implantitis recurrence and one patient (2.9%) lost an implant. No differences were found between the surgical techniques (P = .56). The following factors were found to increase the risk of recurrence: a history of periodontitis (OR = 4.62; 95% CI: 1.14–18.75) (P = .032), maxillary location (OR = 9.69; 95% CI: 1.81– 51.87) (P = .008), and two implants treated per procedure (OR = 31.68; 95% CI: 3.91– 256.54) (P = .001).

Conclusions: Almost half of all patients (44%) undergoing surgical treatment of peri-implantitis will present disease progression or recurrence. This risk seems to be higher in patients with several treated implants, with a history of periodontal disease, or with implants placed in the maxilla.