Carbohydrate Research最新文献

{"title":"Tricine-modified chitosan as a strategy for enhancing hydrophilicity and gene delivery","authors":"Yasemin Tantan ,&nbsp;Özlem Kaplan ,&nbsp;Kevser Bal ,&nbsp;Sema Şentürk ,&nbsp;Emine Büşra Eker Fidan ,&nbsp;Sibel Çelik ,&nbsp;Kamber Demir ,&nbsp;Mehmet Koray Gök","doi":"10.1016/j.carres.2024.109326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carres.2024.109326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we investigated the effect of chitosan modification with tricine on transfection efficiency by preserving its ability to form complexes with plasmid DNA (pDNA) and increasing its hydrophilicity. The inherent limitations of chitosan, such as poor solubility at physiological pH, insufficient cellular uptake, and strong ionic interactions with pDNA, typically result in low transfection efficiency. To overcome these challenges, Tricine, a hydrophilic molecule containing a secondary amine group, was conjugated to chitosan. Chitosan of three different molecular weights (low, medium, and high) was modified with tricine. Structural characterization of the modified chitosan was conducted using Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analyses. The effects of tricine modification were assessed in terms of hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, proton buffering capacity, particle size, PDI and zeta potential. Tricine modified low molecular weight chitosan nanoparticles (nLMWChi_Tri), which exhibit suitable properties for gene transfer studies, were evaluated regarding pDNA complexation ability, cytotoxicity and <em>in vitro</em> transfection efficiency. The results demonstrated that tricine modification enhanced the gene transfer potential of chitosan, making it competitive with the commercial transfection agent Lipofectamine™ 2000 and offering a promising strategy for non-viral gene therapy applications. Furthermore, the biocompatibility and biodegradability of chitosan, combined with the improved hydrophilicity provided by tricine, makes nLMWChi_Tri a safer and more sustainable option for repeated use in gene delivery, overcoming the major limitations associated with other synthetic vectors such as Lipofectamine™ 2000.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9415,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Research","volume":"547 ","pages":"Article 109326"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142695292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure of the K58 capsular polysaccharide produced by Acinetobacter baumannii isolate MRSN 31468 includes Pse5Ac7Ac that is 4-O-acetylated by a phage-encoded acetyltransferase","authors":"Andrea Iovine ,&nbsp;Andrei V. Filatov ,&nbsp;Anastasiya A. Kasimova ,&nbsp;Nowshin S. Sharar ,&nbsp;Stephanie J. Ambrose ,&nbsp;Andrey S. Dmitrenok ,&nbsp;Mikhail M. Shneider ,&nbsp;Anna M. Shpirt ,&nbsp;Andrei V. Perepelov ,&nbsp;Yuriy A. Knirel ,&nbsp;Ruth M. Hall ,&nbsp;Cristina De Castro ,&nbsp;Johanna J. Kenyon","doi":"10.1016/j.carres.2024.109324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carres.2024.109324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Capsular polysaccharide (CPS), a heteropolymeric carbohydrate structure present on the cell surface of most isolates of the bacterial pathogen <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em>, is a major virulence determinant<em>.</em> Here, the CPS produced by <em>A. baumannii</em> MRSN 31468, which carries the KL58 CPS biosynthesis locus, was studied by sugar analysis, one- and two-dimensional ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. The structure was found to consist of a repeating tetrasaccharide K-unit that includes glucose (d-Glc<em>p</em>), galactose (d-Gal<em>p</em>), <em>N</em>-acetyl-galactosamine (d-Gal<em>p</em>NAc), and 5,7-diacetamido-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-<span>l</span>-<em>glycero</em>-<span>l</span>-<em>manno</em>-non-2-ulosonic acid (5,7-di-<em>N</em>-acetylpseudaminic acid; Pse5Ac7Ac). The CPS has a branched repeating unit with the disaccharide →3)-β-d-Glc-(1→3)-β-d-GalNAc-(1→ as the mainchain and O-6 of the Glc unit substituted with the disaccharide β-Pse5Ac7Ac-(2→6)-α-d-Gal, and Pse5Ac7Ac is partially acetylated at O-4. The presence of Pse5Ac7Ac in the K58 structure is consistent with the presence of <em>psaA-F</em> genes in KL58, which are responsible for Pse5Ac7Ac synthesis. 4-O-acetylation of Pse5Ac7Ac was traced to an acetyltransferase, Atr44<em>,</em> which was found to be closely related to Atr29 that similarly decorates Pse5Ac7Ac with 4OAc in the K46-type CPS. Atr44 like Atr29 is encoded by a gene found in a prophage. The K58 CPS produced by MRSN 31468 did not include the 8-epimer of Pse5Ac7Ac (5,7-di-<em>N</em>-acetyl-8-epipseudaminic acid; 8ePse5Ac7Ac) found in the closely related CPS from BAL062 that also carries KL58. Hence, the gene(s) for conversion of Pse5Ac7Ac to 8ePse5Ac7Ac must lie elsewhere.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9415,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Research","volume":"547 ","pages":"Article 109324"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142695285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carboxymethylation of β-Glucan from Pythium insidiosum: Structural characterization and preliminary adsorption evaluation of DON and T2 toxin","authors":"Juliana S.M. Tondolo ,&nbsp;Gilson Zeni ,&nbsp;Guilherme L. Sassaki ,&nbsp;Janio M. Santurio ,&nbsp;Erico S. Loreto","doi":"10.1016/j.carres.2024.109323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carres.2024.109323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to evaluate the impact of carboxymethylation on the structural and functional properties of β-glucan derived from the pathogenic oomycete <em>Pythium insidiosum</em>. β-Glucan was extracted and subjected to carboxymethylation (CM-glucan), with structural changes analyzed using ¹³C and ¹H NMR spectroscopy. The modified β-glucan's ability to adsorb mycotoxins, specifically deoxynivalenol (DON) and T2 toxin, was assessed through <em>in vitro</em> adsorption assays. Results demonstrated that the adsorption of DON by CM-glucan increased from 0 % to 59.11 %, corresponding to the adsorption of approximately 1.18 μg of DON from the initial concentration (2 μg/mL). Similarly, the adsorption of T2 toxin increased slightly from 0 % to 4.54 %, corresponding to 0.09 μg of T2 toxin adsorbed from the initial concentration (2 μg/mL). These findings underscore the potential of chemical modifications to enhance the functional properties of natural polysaccharides, suggesting future applications in mycotoxin adsorption and other biological properties across various areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9415,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Research","volume":"547 ","pages":"Article 109323"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142686211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural characterization of a sulfated polysaccharide from Gracilaria domingensis and potential anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects","authors":"Rafael da Silva Prudêncio ,&nbsp;Antonio Kleiton de Sousa ,&nbsp;Denise Mayara Melo Silva ,&nbsp;Jayro dos Santos Ferreira ,&nbsp;Danyela Maria Leal Rocha ,&nbsp;Viviane Pinheiro Alves de Almeida ,&nbsp;João Janilson da Silva Sousa ,&nbsp;Stefany Guimarães Sousa ,&nbsp;Tino Marcos Lino da Silva ,&nbsp;André dos Santos Carvalho ,&nbsp;José Simião da Cruz Júnior ,&nbsp;Even Herlany Pereira Alves ,&nbsp;Daniel Fernando Pereira Vasconcelos ,&nbsp;Roosevelt D.S. Bezerra ,&nbsp;Flaviane de França Dourado ,&nbsp;Aline Lima de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Wanessa Feliz Cabral ,&nbsp;José Roberto de Souza de Almeida Leite ,&nbsp;Durcilene Alves da Silva ,&nbsp;Elias Borges do Nascimento Junior ,&nbsp;André Luiz dos Reis Barbosa","doi":"10.1016/j.carres.2024.109322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carres.2024.109322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seaweeds are natural sources of sulfated polysaccharides (SPs), biopolymers with remarkable pharmacological properties, including biological actions capable of attenuating components of the inflammatory process such as edema, cytokines, cell migration and pain. Our results confirm that SPs obtained from <em>Gracilaria domingensis</em> (SP-GD) are agarans, primarily composed of residues of β-<span>d</span>-galactopyranose 6-sulfate and 3,6-anhydro-α-<span>l</span>-galactopyranose. Specifically, SP-GD at a dose of 10 mg/kg was effective in significantly reducing paw edema induced by carrageenan or histamine, serotonin, bradykinin, 48/80 and prostaglandin E2. SP-GD (10 mg/kg) was also able to reduce neutrophil migration and the activity of the myeloperoxidase enzyme in carrageenan-induced peritonitis, as well as conserve glutathione concentration and reduce malondialdehyde levels in the animals' peritoneal fluid. Furthermore, it showed antinociceptive action in the abdominal writhing test induced by acetic acid and in the paw licking test induced by formalin. Thus, the results obtained allow us to infer that SPs extracted from <em>G. domingensis</em> at a dose of 10 mg/kg have anti-inflammatory effects by reducing neutrophil migration and modulating the activity of vasoactive mediators and antinociceptive effects by acting, at least in part, through a peripheral mechanism dependent on the negative modulation of inflammatory mediators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9415,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Research","volume":"547 ","pages":"Article 109322"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142646756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formulated chitosan microspheres remodelled the altered gut microbiota and liver miRNA in diet-induced Type-2 diabetic rats","authors":"Sunny Kumar,&nbsp;Zeel Bhatia,&nbsp;Sriram Seshadri","doi":"10.1016/j.carres.2024.109301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carres.2024.109301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chitosan was formulated into a microsphere and comprehensively characterized and evaluated for its anti-inflammatory potential and anti-diabetic properties against the high sugar fat diet-induced diabetic animals. The diabetic model was induced through feeding with a high-sugar fat diet. Metformin, a standard antidiabetic drug, and CMS (chitosan microspheres) were administered orally for 90 days as reversal strategies. Upon completion of the study, the following parameters, such as serum biochemistry, cytokine analysis, tissue histology, liver miRNA sequencing, and Shotgun metagenomics studies from stool samples, were performed. SEM images of the microsphere indicated a smooth morphology, while FTIR and DSC respectively, confirmed the presence of functional groups of chitosan and the thermal stability of the formulation. Following HSFD induction, all the parameters analyzed were altered compared to the control group. In both reversal groups, serum biochemical parameters were restored, which was at par with the control. A significant increase in the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, and a remarkable reduction in TNF-α and MCP-1 inflammatory cytokines were observed in both reversal groups. Tissue histology indicated improvements in low-grade inflammation, induced in the diabetic group. miR-203 was upregulated in the CMS-treated group, while miR-103 was downregulated. The study further delved into the impact on gut microbiota and KEGG. Major phyla i.e., <em>Bacteroidetes</em>, <em>Cyanobacteria</em>, <em>Firmicutes</em>, <em>Proteobacteria</em>, and <em>Verrucomicrobia</em> showed restoration, while upregulation of DNA polymerase zeta in T2D showed reversal after the treatment. The formulation showed reversal at par with metformin and also confirms its anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory activities of CMS, with microfloral and miR regulatory functions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9415,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Research","volume":"547 ","pages":"Article 109301"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142702508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationships between bacteria and the mucus layer","authors":"Inka Brockhausen,&nbsp;Dylan Falconer,&nbsp;Sara Sara","doi":"10.1016/j.carres.2024.109309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carres.2024.109309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mucus layer on epithelial cells is an essential barrier, as well as a nutrient-rich niche for bacteria, forming a dynamic, functional and symbiotic ecosystem and first line of defense against invading pathogens. Particularly bacteria in biofilms are very difficult to eradicate. The extensively O-glycosylated mucins are the main glycoproteins in mucus that interact with microbes. For example, mucins act as adhesion receptors and nutritional substrates for gut bacteria. Mucins also play important roles in immune responses, and they control the composition of the microbiome, primarily due to the abundance of complex O-glycans. In inflammation or infection, the structures of mucin O-glycans can change and thus affect mucin function, impact biofilm formation and the induction of virulence pathways in bacteria. In turn, bacteria can support host cell growth, mucin production and can stimulate changes in the host immune system and responses leading to healthy tissue function. The external polysaccharides of bacteria are critical for controlling adhesion and biofilm formation. It is therefore important to understand the relationships between the mucus layer and microbes, the mechanisms and regulation of the biosynthesis of mucins, of bacterial surface polysaccharides, and adhesins. This knowledge can provide biomarkers, vaccines and help to develop new approaches for improved therapies, including antibiotic treatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9415,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Research","volume":"546 ","pages":"Article 109309"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enzyme-induced degradation of natural and artificial linear polyanions","authors":"Vasily Spiridonov ,&nbsp;Alina Lukmanova ,&nbsp;Denis Pozdyshev ,&nbsp;Yulia Antonova ,&nbsp;Viktorija Kusaja ,&nbsp;Vladimir Muronetz ,&nbsp;Alexander Yaroslavov","doi":"10.1016/j.carres.2024.109310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carres.2024.109310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Synthetic and natural polymers are widely used for constructing drug delivery systems. Biocompatibility, water solubility and non-toxicity make polymers a convenient matrix for encapsulation, delivery and release of bioactive compounds. Coupling of a drug with a biodegraded polymer matrix is a promising way for a controlled drug delivery. Along this line, the degradation of the four polymers in the presence of two enzymes in aqueous solutions was investigated. The following polymers were used: natural polysaccharides, sodium alginate and sodium hyaluronate, artificial (modified) sodium carboxymethylcellulose and synthetic sodium polyacrylate (control); their degradation was caused by the addition of alginate lyase and hyaluronidase. The first enzyme only cleaved the specific alginate substrate and left three other intact. Contrastingly, the second enzyme degraded all three polysaccharides, including artificial carboxymethylcellulose, but did not degrade synthetic polyacrylate. The biodegradation of polymers was accompanied by decreasing the size of polymer particles in solution from 100 to 200 nm down to 20–30 nm; the latter are capable of removing from the body through the kidneys. The initial polysaccharides showed the negative surface charge in aqueous solution, which changed but retained negative after biodegradation. The initial and biodegraded polysaccharides demonstrated negligible cytotoxicity during long exposure period. The obtained results are valuable for the development of polymer carriers for drug encapsulation and delivery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9415,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Research","volume":"546 ","pages":"Article 109310"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142615337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The preparation and evaluation of granulated chitosan-catechin tablets with excellent disintegration properties","authors":"Tomoki Adachi ,&nbsp;Yuto Tomita ,&nbsp;Yasuyuki Mizukai ,&nbsp;Yuji Maezaki ,&nbsp;Kazuo Kawano ,&nbsp;Kindness L. Commey ,&nbsp;Hideaki Nakamura ,&nbsp;Keishi Yamasaki ,&nbsp;Masaki Otagiri ,&nbsp;Makoto Anraku","doi":"10.1016/j.carres.2024.109308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carres.2024.109308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we prepared granulated chitosan (G-CS)/catechin tablets with excellent disintegration properties. We then compared their physical properties, dissolution behavior, and pharmacokinetic profile to non-granulated chitosan (N-CS)/catechin tablets. During the tableting process, the G-CS/catechin tablets demonstrated significantly higher compatibility and superior manufacturability, as evidenced by lower ejection and detachment stress than the N-CS/catechin tablets. This resulted in more robust tablets with better physical properties. The dissolution of catechin from the G-CS/catechin tablets occurred significantly faster than from the N-CS/catechin tablets, resulting in a significantly higher 2,2′-azino-bis(3 ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging capacity. Similarly, the primary catechin components of the tablets, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and caffeine, showed faster dissolution and membrane uptake from the G-CS/catechin tablets. These indicate a more efficient tablet formulation than N-CS/catechin tablets. Furthermore, the absorption and bioavailability of EGCG and caffeine in rats were significantly higher after oral administration of the G-CS/catechin tablets than the N-CS/catechin tablets. These findings suggest that G-CS/catechin tablets, having better disintegration properties than N-CS/catechin tablets, could allow for combination with other supplements, leading to the design of highly efficient supplement combination tablets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9415,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Research","volume":"547 ","pages":"Article 109308"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capsular polysaccharide structure of Acinetobacter baumannii K58 from clinical isolate MRSN31468","authors":"Wei Zou ,&nbsp;Evguenii Vinogradov ,&nbsp;Frank St-Michael ,&nbsp;Dean Williams ,&nbsp;Lillian Zou ,&nbsp;Jenny Peters ,&nbsp;Melanie Arbour ,&nbsp;Greg Harris ,&nbsp;Wangxue Chen ,&nbsp;Danielle Peters","doi":"10.1016/j.carres.2024.109307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carres.2024.109307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Capsular polysaccharides (CPS) of <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em> is a virulence factor with diverse structures. CPS are produced by the CPS biosynthesis gene cluster in their K locus (KL). However, CPS variations may occur due to insertion of additional genes from external sources, <em>e.g</em>., prophages. Recently, the CPS structure from a clinical isolate, BAL062 which includes KL58 locus, was found to have a pseudaminic acid isomer (8ePse5NAc7NAc) as a result of prophage inserted epaA/epaB genes. Here, we report a CPS structure produced by <em>A. baumannii</em> strain MRSN31468 which also belongs to a KL58 type. The K58 CPS structure was determined by 1D and 2D NMR analysis of the oligosaccharides derived from the CPS by a phage depolymerase, and supported by the sugar composition analysis. The K58 CPS structure has the following tetra saccharide repeating unit.<span><figure><span><img><ol><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download high-res image (54KB)</span></span></span></li><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download full-size image</span></span></span></li></ol></span></figure></span></div><div>The K58 CPS differs from the CPS from BAL062 only by replacing 8-epimerized β-8ePse5NAc7NAc with β-Pse5NAc7NAc.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9415,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Research","volume":"546 ","pages":"Article 109307"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of N-(2-hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride)-O-dodecylylpyridine chitosan quaternary ammonium salt and its antibacterial activities","authors":"Yu Pang ,&nbsp;Lulu Shi ,&nbsp;Lin Wang ,&nbsp;Tao Zhang ,&nbsp;Meihua Xin ,&nbsp;Mingchun Li ,&nbsp;Yangfan Mao","doi":"10.1016/j.carres.2024.109306","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carres.2024.109306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chitosan derivatives, including <em>O-</em>carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC), <em>N</em>-(2-hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride)-<em>O</em>-carboxymethyl chitosan (QCMC), and <em>N</em>-(2-hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride)-<em>O</em>-dodecylylpyridine chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (DQCMC), were synthesized and characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) spectroscopy, Ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, and element analysis (EA). The antibacterial activities of chitosan and chitosan derivatives against <em>Escherichia coli</em> (<em>E. coli</em>) and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (<em>S. aureus</em>) were evaluated through the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and antibacterial rate assays. Results demonstrated that DQCMC exhibited significantly higher antibacterial efficacy compared to chitosan, CMC, and QCMC. The MIC of DQCMC against <em>E. coli</em> and <em>S. aureus</em> were 31 μg/mL and 7 μg/mL, respectively, with a 100 % antibacterial rate at a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL. Furthermore, assessment of mouse fibroblast (L929) cell viability using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) methods revealed no toxicity associated with the material.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9415,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Research","volume":"546 ","pages":"Article 109306"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142615339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}