Medical archives (Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina)最新文献

{"title":"Unveiling the Anticancer Potential of Pasak Bumi (Eurycoma Longifolia Jack) Root Extract in Prostate Cancer Treatment.","authors":"Eka Yudha Rahman, Nia Kania, Hendra Sutapa, Athaya Febriantyo Purnomo, Roselina Panghiyangani, Nika Sterina Skripsiana","doi":"10.5455/medarh.2024.78.117-121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/medarh.2024.78.117-121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prostate cancer remains a significant global health concern, necessitating the exploration of novel therapeutic avenues to enhance treatment efficacy and mitigate adverse effects. <b>Objective</b> This study delves into the potential anticancer properties of Pasak Bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) root extract, a traditional Southeast Asian medicinal plant, against prostate cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The research employs a multifaceted approach, encompassing molecular and cellular analyses to unravel the intricate mechanisms underlying Pasak Bumi's effects on prostate cancer cells. Primary focus is given to the PTEN/P13k/Akt pathway, a critical regulator of cell survival and apoptosis. Various concentrations of Pasak Bumi root extract are applied to prostate cancer cell lines, and the impact on apoptosis, cell proliferation, and key molecular targets is assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Preliminary findings reveal that Pasak Bumi root extract induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells, evidenced by downstream molecular events associated with programmed cell death. The extract demonstrates concentration-dependent effects, with higher concentrations exhibiting more pronounced anticancer activity. Moreover, Pasak Bumi root extract appears to modulate the PTEN/P13k/Akt pathway, providing a potential mechanistic link to its anticancer effects. <b>Discussion:</b> The study's significance lies in its contribution to the evolving landscape of natural compounds as anticancer agents, particularly in the context of prostate cancer. Pasak Bumi's traditional use as a medicinal plant, coupled with emerging scientific evidence, underscores its potential translational value. The observed modulation of the PTEN/P13k/Akt pathway aligns with the current understanding of prostate cancer pathogenesis, offering a plausible explanation for Pasak Bumi's anticancer effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This research sheds light on the promising anticancer potential of Pasak Bumi root extract against prostate cancer. Further exploration of its molecular interactions, synergy with conventional therapies, and efficacy at different stages of cancer progression is warranted. The findings present Pasak Bumi as a nature-inspired candidate for prostate cancer treatment, warranting continued investigation into its therapeutic applications. As the scientific community endeavors to enhance cancer treatment modalities, Pasak Bumi emerges as a captivating subject in the pursuit of effective and minimally invasive prostate cancer therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94135,"journal":{"name":"Medical archives (Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina)","volume":"78 2","pages":"117-121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10983097/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140862195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Levetiracetam for Childhood Epilepsies.","authors":"Feriha Hadzagic Catibusic, Sajra Uzicanin, Emina Vukas Salihbegovic, Zinka Huseinbegovic","doi":"10.5455/medarh.2024.78.122-126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/medarh.2024.78.122-126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Levetiracetam (LEV) is a broad spectrum second-generation antiepileptic drug (AED).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of the study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of levetiracetam for childhood epilepsies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is single, tertiary centre observational, prospective study, that included paediatric patients who were treated with levetiracetam at Paediatric hospital University Clinical Centre Sarajevo, during the period of 15 years (2008-2022). Inclusion criteria were: paediatric patients age > 1 month, diagnosed with epilepsy according to International League Against Epilepsy. After the introduction of levetiracetam, each patient has been followed up at least 12 months. According to the outcome the patients were divided into 5 groups: seizure reduction >50%, seizure reduction <50%, complete seizure freedom, the same number of seizures and increased number of seizures. From these groups two intergroups have been formed: responders (seizure reduction >50% and complete seizure freedom) and non-responders (seizure reduction <50%, the same number of seizures and increased number of seizures).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study enrolled 259 patients (141 female and 118 male), with mean age 7 years (3,0-12.0). Comorbidities were present at 129/259 (49.8%) patients. After 12 months of treatment, 25/259 (9.7%) patients had seizure reduction >50%, 30/259 (11.6%) patients had seizure reduction <50%, 154/259 (56.5%) patients had achieved seizure freedom, 31/259 (12%) patients had same number of seizures, while 19/259 (7.3%) patients had increased number of seizures. Seizure frequency between responders and non-responders, before treatment and after 12 months of treatment was statistically significant (p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Non responders had the best outcome with ditherapy (30/79; 38%), while responders had the best outcome with monotherapy (161/180;89.4%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Levetiracetam is efficient antiepileptic drug for different types of epilepsies in childhood, used as mono, di or polytherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":94135,"journal":{"name":"Medical archives (Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina)","volume":"78 2","pages":"122-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10983095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140862777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Level of Awareness of Certified Non-critical Care Physicians in Diagnosing, Managing, and Disposing Anaphylactic Cases.","authors":"Dalal Almarri, Fatimah Badghaish, Dalal Albaiji, Areen Alamri, Rawan Alghamdi, Rehab Alghamdi, Faisal Alkhadra, Nisreen Maghraby","doi":"10.5455/medarh.2024.78.44-50","DOIUrl":"10.5455/medarh.2024.78.44-50","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anaphylaxis is known as an acute, severe hypersensitivity reaction that rapidly initiates after exposure to a triggering agent. It is a life-threatening condition, and early recognition and swift intervention are crucial to saving patients' lives. Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the ability of certified non-critical care physicians to recognize, manage, and dispose cases of anaphylaxis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A survey consisting of 19 questions was developed by expert emergency consultants to evaluate physicians' knowledge regarding the recognition, management, and disposition of anaphylactic episodes. Responses were collected through in-person surveys conducted with physicians from various specialties and varying clinical experience levels at a tertiary care center in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, a total of 173 physicians completed the survey, with 81.5% being consultants and 18.5% specialists. Only 5.2% correctly identified all three proposed anaphylaxis clinical scenarios, 16.8% identified two scenarios correctly, and 51.4% identified only one scenario. While 42.8% recognized the first-line management of anaphylaxis, only 24.3% and 24.9% knew the correct epinephrine dose and route, respectively. Regarding the disposition of patients experiencing an anaphylactic episode, 61.9% of responders opted to dispose the case to the emergency department.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study reveals a knowledge gap among non-critical care physicians practicing in a tertiary care center concerning the identification and management of anaphylaxis. Raising awareness of this life-threatening condition is imperative to address this serious issue.</p>","PeriodicalId":94135,"journal":{"name":"Medical archives (Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina)","volume":"78 1","pages":"44-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10928686/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140121703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Efficacy of Piascledine in Alleviating Symptoms and Its Impact on Blood Lipid Levels and body Mass Index in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis.","authors":"Hoang Minh Phan, Cang Trung Huynh, Phu Van La, Khanh Hoang Pham, Phuong Minh Vo, Trang Huynh Vo","doi":"10.5455/medarh.2024.78.296-301","DOIUrl":"10.5455/medarh.2024.78.296-301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Piascledine is a potential treatment for osteoarthritis; however, current evidence regarding its efficacy in patients with knee osteoarthritis remains limited.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy of Piascledine in improving symptoms and its impact on blood lipid levels and body mass index in patients with knee osteoarthritis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A randomized, controlled, single-blind clinical trial. The odd-numbered group was treated with Piascledine at a dose of 300mg/day, while the even-numbered group was treated with glucosamine sulfate at a dose of 1,500mg/day. Outcomes were assessed at 4 weeks and 8 weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 200 patients were included in the study, with a mean age of 58.5 ± 11.3 years, of whom 42.0% were male. Obesity (OR=2.83; 95% CI: 1.88-4.26; p<0.001) and hypertriglyceridemia (OR=2.07; 95% CI: 1.17-3.67; p<0.05) were identified as factors significantly increasing the risk of severe osteoarthritis. At 4 weeks and 8 weeks, the Piascledine group showed a reduction in VAS scores from 49.3 ± 19.6mm to 37.6 ± 14.2mm and 25.3 ± 10.2mm, respectively. At 4 weeks, the VAS and WOMAC scores showed greater improvement in the GCS group compared to the Piascledine group. However, at 8 weeks, there was no significant difference in efficacy between the two groups. Treatment with Piascledine slightly increased triglyceride levels from 2.3 ± 1.4mmol/L to 2.7 ± 1.4mmol/L. Side effects were observed in 16.0% of patients during treatment, with the most common being nausea (10.0%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study indicates that obesity and hypertriglyceridemia are risk factors for severe knee osteoarthritis. Treatment with Piascledine improves symptoms and knee joint function, without impacting body mass index or lipid metabolism. The majority of side effects were mild and primarily gastrointestinal.</p>","PeriodicalId":94135,"journal":{"name":"Medical archives (Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina)","volume":"78 4","pages":"296-301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11838829/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143470328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active Case Finding for Tuberculosis in Migrants: a Systematic Review.","authors":"Joko Sapto Pramono, A Ridwan, Ida Leida Maria, Aminudin Syam, Syamsiar S Russeng, Syamsuar, Andi Agus Mumang","doi":"10.5455/medarh.2024.78.60-64","DOIUrl":"10.5455/medarh.2024.78.60-64","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Active case finding (ACF) is an alternative strategy to accelerate the identification of TB cases among the migrant population.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to synthesize the evidence for the effectiveness of ACF TB in migrants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study uses the PRISMA model as a method of searching for journal articles in the databases of Google Scholar, ProQuest, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, Elsevier, and PubMed, as well as other sources such as textbooks and reports from 2017 to 2021 with the keywords <i>\"tuberculosis\" AND \"active case finding\" AND \"migrant\"</i>. The search revealed 371 articles, of which 26 met the criteria for further discussion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most studies show that the TB incidence among migrants is higher than in the local population. Factors leading to increased cases include lack of knowledge about the symptoms, high mobilization, social isolation, economic problems, and medication adherence that impact an advanced stage. Furthermore, it is also influenced by the low quality of health services, including accessibility, health facilities, health workers, and information. Therefore, Active Case Finding (ACF) is more effective in identifying cases of TB in the risk groups. This was conducted on migrants with increased notifications followed up with treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ACF is effective approach in screening and diagnosing TB in the migrant group.</p>","PeriodicalId":94135,"journal":{"name":"Medical archives (Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina)","volume":"78 1","pages":"60-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10928684/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140121649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and its Relation to Cognitive Functions Among Saudi Older Adults.","authors":"Yousef D Alqurashi, Khalid AlHarkan, Adam Aldhawyan, Ahmed Bahamdan, Fajar A Aldulijan, Sarah I Alsamin, Jood K Alotaibi, Arwa Alomran, Feras A Al-Awad","doi":"10.5455/medarh.2024.78.51-54","DOIUrl":"10.5455/medarh.2024.78.51-54","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and cognitive decline among older adults is a still a topic of debate. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the association between risk of OSA and cognitive function among Saudi older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional community-based study conducted between July and October 2022. Participants were recruited from gathering areas where older adults are likely attending such as district centers, waiting areas of shopping malls, and mosques. Questionnaires were completed using face-to-face interviews. The questionnaire included questions of sociodemographics, sleep pattern and health status. A validated Arabic version of Athens insomnia scale, STOP-BANG questionnaire, and St. Louis University mental status (SLUMS) questionnaire were used. A multi-Linear regression model was used to determine the association between cognitive functions and OSA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 343 participants were recruited in this study, of which 86% were male. The mean age was 65±9 years. 65% of participants with high risk of sleep apnea were diagnosed with either dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Most of the participants who were illiterate (83%) had dementia, while only 4% of participants with higher education had dementia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dementia and mild cognitive impairment is prevalent among Saudi older adults with high risk of OSA. Clinicians and patients should be aware of the risk of developing dementia in patients with OSA, especially if remain untreated.</p>","PeriodicalId":94135,"journal":{"name":"Medical archives (Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina)","volume":"78 1","pages":"51-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10928689/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140121706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Comparison of Serum Interleukin-8 Levels Based on Severity of Liver Cirrhosis.","authors":"Imelda Rey, Rustam Effendi-Ys, Khairani Sukatendel","doi":"10.5455/medarh.2024.78.92-94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/medarh.2024.78.92-94","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The molecule known as Interleukin-8 (IL-8), a chemotactic leukocyte, has been found to have a crucial role in the perpetuation of the inflammatory environment that is associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, as well as in the development of liver cirrhosis and cancer.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to carefully examine the role of IL-8 in the inflammatory reaction and to compare the levels based on the severity of liver cirrhosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted from February 2018 to September 2018 at the Gastroenterohepatology Division, Internal medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara. The study was designed as an analytic comparative, cross-sectional study. The liver cirrhosis patients who participated in this study met the inclusion criteria and provided informed consent.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 70 patients were included in the study, from which we identified 1 individual with child-pugh A, 28 individuals with child-pugh B, and 41 individuals with child-pugh C. The serum level of IL-8 was found to be 98 (11-320) (pg/ml). The IL-8 levels between child-pugh B and C patients did not exhibit any noteworthy differences during our analysis (p = 0.109, p>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is no notable inequality in the levels of IL-8 across different stages of liver cirrhosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":94135,"journal":{"name":"Medical archives (Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina)","volume":"78 2","pages":"92-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10983089/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140863010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Factors Influencing Length of Stay for Seizure Patients in Emergency Departments.","authors":"Mohammed AlMulhim, Faisal A AlGhamdi, Zeyad T Alharbi, Rakan S Alharbi, Abdulmalek A AlOmair, Abdulrahman A Alfryyan, Omar A AlGhamdi, Bader S AlSolo, Omnia AlMomen, Basmah Albloushi, Mariam Slosfoor, Mohammed Alghamdi, Nisreen H AlMaghraby","doi":"10.5455/medarh.2024.78.279-284","DOIUrl":"10.5455/medarh.2024.78.279-284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Seizures are frequent presentations in emergency departments (EDs) requiring comprehensive evaluation and management. Prolonged length of stay (LOS) for seizure patients can impact patient care and healthcare resource utilization. Understanding the factors influencing LOS in this population is crucial for optimizing ED operations.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This retrospective study aimed to analyze the factors influencing the LOS of seizure patients presenting to the ED.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted at an academic tertiary care center with a busy ED serving a diverse patient population. A retrospective cross-sectional design was employed to analyze data from electronic medical records of seizure patients aged ≥18 years presenting to the ED between 1/1/2020 and 31/12/2022. Data were collected on patient demographics, clinical characteristics, including seizure type, medication adherence, comorbidities, and diagnostic interventions. Statistical analysis included chi-square tests and logistic regression to identify significant associations between variables and LOS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 121 seizure patients included, factors significantly associated with prolonged LOS (>4 hours) included generalized tonic-clonic seizures, non-compliance to medication, breakthrough seizures, and diagnostic interventions such as CT head scans and neurology consultations. Conversely, known cases of seizure and absence of comorbidities were associated with shorter LOS (≤4 hours).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study identifies several factors influencing the LOS for seizure patients in the ED, providing insights for optimizing patient care and resource allocation. Strategies aimed at addressing these factors may lead to improved efficiency and better outcomes for seizure patients in the ED.</p>","PeriodicalId":94135,"journal":{"name":"Medical archives (Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina)","volume":"78 4","pages":"279-284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11838826/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143470346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Emergency Medicine Triage - A Systematic Review.","authors":"Qasem Ahmed Almulihi, Abdulaziz Adel Alquraini, Fatimah Ahmed Ali Almulihi, Abdullah Abdulaziz Alzahid, Saleh Saeed Al Jathnan Al Qahtani, Mohamed Almulhim, Saeed Hussain Saeed Alqhtani, Faisal Mohammed Nafea Alnafea, Saad Ali Saad Mushni, Nasser Abdullah Alaqil, Mohammad Ibrahim Faya Assiri, Nisreen H Maghraby","doi":"10.5455/medarh.2024.78.198-206","DOIUrl":"10.5455/medarh.2024.78.198-206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Overcrowding in Emergency departments adversely impacts efficiency, patient outcomes, and resource allocation. Accurate triage systems are essential for prioritizing care and optimizing resources. While traditional methods provide a foundation, they often lack precision in addressing modern healthcare complexities. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) offer advanced capabilities to enhance triage accuracy, improve patient prioritization, and support clinical decision-making, addressing limitations of conventional approaches and paving the way for adaptive triage solutions.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This systematic review aims to assess the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in determining the outcomes of patients presenting in Emergency department (ED) triage.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search was conducted on April 21, 2023, using electronic databases including PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, Ovid, and Google Scholar, without year restrictions. The main outcome of this review was to assess the use of AI and ML in the ED Triage. Articles that used different models of AI and ML to predict various outcomes of patients in the ED setting were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 17 studies were included in this systematic review. Fifteen studies assessed the role of machine learning methods in emergency department triage, while two studies evaluated the role of AI and machine learning in prehospital triage. The results of our systematic review favor the use of machine learning methods and artificial intelligence in emergency triage. Machine learning models were found to be superior to conventional emergency severity score methods in determining triage, diagnosis, and early management of patients. Among the machine learning methods, the boosting model was slightly more effective.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study supports the notion that AI and ML are the future of Emergency departments. They aid in predicting patient outcomes and determining appropriate management strategies more efficiently, thereby enhancing decision making in the ED.</p>","PeriodicalId":94135,"journal":{"name":"Medical archives (Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina)","volume":"78 3","pages":"198-206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11813208/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143411876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of <i>Phaleria Macrocarpa</i> (Scheff.) Boerl Leaf Ethanol Extract on Serum IL-6 and TNF-α Levels in Diabetic Rats.","authors":"Ira Cinta Lestari,&nbsp;Dharma Lindarto,&nbsp;Syafruddin Ilyas,&nbsp;Tri Widyawati,&nbsp;Mustofa,&nbsp;Nelva Karmila Jusuf,&nbsp;Poppy Anjelisa Zaitun Hasibuan,&nbsp;Lambok Siahaan,&nbsp;Muhammad Rusda,&nbsp;Mustafa Mahmud Amin","doi":"10.5455/medarh.2023.77.254-257","DOIUrl":"10.5455/medarh.2023.77.254-257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hyperglycemia conditions in diabetes mellitus (DM) can turn on pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-6 and TNF-α. These cytokines play a role in insulin resistance and the development of DM complications. People in Indonesia have used <i>Phaleria macrocarpa</i> to treat diabetes, but the leaf of this plant has not been studied to see if it can reduce inflammation.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to analyze the effect of ethanolic extract of <i>Phaleria macrocarpa</i> leaves (EEPML) in serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels of diabetic rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was an experiment with a post-test-only control group design. Thirty 8-week-old male Wistar rats were used in the study. They were split into six groups: K1 was the normal control group; K2 was the DM control group; K3, K4, and K5 were given EEPML at doses of 125, 250, and 500 mg/KgBW; and K6 was given metformin 45 mg/KgBW orally once a day for 14 days. A high-fat diet and a 30 mg/KgBWi.p injection of streptozotocin were used to make the diabetic rat model. ELISA method for measuring serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels. The Kruskal-Wallis and the Mann-Whitney test were used to examine the differences between the groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were significant differences between treatment groups in the mean levels of serum IL-6 (p=0.017), but there were no significant differences in the mean levels of serum TNF-α (p>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Administration of <i>Phaleria macrocarpa</i> leaf ethanol extract 125 mg/KgBW reduced serum IL-6 levels but could not significantly reduce serum TNF-α levels in diabetic rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":94135,"journal":{"name":"Medical archives (Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina)","volume":"77 4","pages":"254-257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ea/04/medarch-77-254.PMC10591243.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50159638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}