Journal of medical microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on invasive pneumococcal disease in American Indian communities in the Southwest US.","authors":"Catherine G Sutcliffe, Shea Littlepage, Del Yazzie, George Brasinikas, Loretta Christensen, Shawnell Damon, Estar Denny, Sheri L Dixon, Lindsay R Grant, Marcella Harker-Jones, James McAuley, Pierrette Montanez, Dennie Parker, Alisa Reasonover, Amy Rice, Kristen Roessler, Eugene Romancito, Charis Salabye, Victoria M Sergent, Brenna Simons-Petrusa, Valerie Tenequer, Polly Thompson, Minnie Tsingine, Robert C Weatherholtz, Laura L Hammitt","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001983","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>American Indian (AI) communities in the Southwest have a high burden of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and COVID-19. Through laboratory-based surveillance, the impact of the pandemic on IPD incidence and serotype distribution was evaluated in two AI communities. IPD rates were lower during the pandemic (21.8 vs. 39.0/100 000 pre-pandemic). Rates increased in 2021 compared to 2020 but not to pre-pandemic levels. Cases with SARS-CoV-2 co-infection had a higher case fatality rate (45.2% vs. 17.6% without co-infection). No significant change in serotype distribution was observed. Continued surveillance in these communities is critical to understand the changing IPD burden as the pandemic evolves.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predomination of hypervirulent ST283 and genetic diversity of levofloxacin resistance in multidrug-resistant, hypervirulent <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i> in Thailand.","authors":"Wajeeorn Ouancharee, Anusak Kerdsin, Hien Van Doan, Chanagun Chitmanat, Kiatichai Faksri, Aroonlug Lulitanond, Aroonwadee Chanawong, Nicha Charoensri","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001970","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.001970","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction</b>. Group B <i>Streptococcus</i> (GBS) is a multi-host pathogen causing pneumonia and meningitis in humans as well as streptococcal diseases in tilapia and mastitis in cattle. Thailand has experienced a significant increase in GBS infections that greatly impact health and economics.<b>Gap statement</b>. The antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and genotype data of GBS in Thailand are still limited and require further study.<b>Aim</b>. This study aimed to describe AMR profiles and molecular characteristics, especially antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence factor (VF) genes of GBS in Thailand.<b>Methodology</b>. AMR profiles of 221 GBS isolates from humans, fish and freshwater were examined. Whole-genome sequencing of 41 representative isolates was used to investigate capsular genotypes and sequence types (STs), ARGs and VF genotypes.<b>Results</b>. All GBS isolates were susceptible to penicillin; the majority (99.1%) showed resistance to tetracycline. In addition, the rates of resistance to clindamycin, erythromycin and levofloxacin were 22.6%, 20.4% and 2.3%, respectively; multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates (TE-E-CM and TE-E-CM-LVX) were 19.5%. Among 41 representative isolates, the dominant types were capsular genotype III (63.4%) and ST283 (43.9%). ARGs associated with resistance to tetracycline (<i>tetM</i>, <i>tetO</i> and <i>tetS</i>), erythromycin (<i>ermB</i>, <i>ermA</i>, <i>mefA</i> and <i>msrD</i>) and clindamycin (<i>lsaC</i>, <i>lsaE</i> and <i>lnuB</i>) were identified. Additionally, point mutations responsible for levofloxacin resistance, S81L in GyrA, S79F/Y in ParC and H221Y in ParE, were found. The MDR isolates belonged to various STs, predominantly clustering in capsular types III (60.0%) and Ib (30.0%). The MDR-hypervirulent ST17 and ST19 harboured multiple ARGs and mutations affecting quinolone resistance. Different VF gene patterns were found among hypervirulent STs (ST12, ST17, ST19 and ST283). Notably, a unique nt deletion [c.(1013_1020)delG] in <i>pilA</i> was found only in ST283.<b>Conclusion</b>. This study elucidated significant antimicrobial characteristics of a substantial number of GBS in Thailand. Moreover, the distribution of the hypervirulent ST283 and the genotypes of MDR-hypervirulent GBS were first described.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11920070/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143660224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing rapid diagnostics for bloodstream infections: a perspective on scattered light integrated collection technology.","authors":"Shital Shrikant Ghogale, Ketaki Niranjan Pathak","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001973","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.001973","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11903646/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sepsis <i>in silico</i>: definition, development and application of an electronic phenotype for sepsis.","authors":"Zahraa Al-Sultani, Timothy Jj Inglis, Benjamin McFadden, Elizabeth Thomas, Mark Reynolds","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001986","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Repurposing electronic health record (EHR) or electronic medical record (EMR) data holds significant promise for evidence-based epidemic intelligence and research. Key challenges include sepsis recognition by physicians and issues with EHR and EMR data. Recent advances in data-driven techniques, alongside initiatives like the Surviving Sepsis Campaign and the Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Management Bundle (SEP-1), have improved sepsis definition, early detection, subtype characterization, prognostication and personalized treatment. This includes identifying potential biomarkers or digital signatures to enhance diagnosis, guide therapy and optimize clinical management. Machine learning applications play a crucial role in identifying biomarkers and digital signatures associated with sepsis and its sub-phenotypes. Additionally, electronic phenotyping, leveraging EHR and EMR data, has emerged as a valuable tool for evidence-based sepsis identification and management. This review examines methods for identifying sepsis cohorts, focusing on two main approaches: utilizing health administrative data with standardized diagnostic coding via the International Classification of Diseases and integrating clinical data. This overview provides a comprehensive analysis of current cohort identification and electronic phenotyping strategies for sepsis, highlighting their potential applications and challenges. The accuracy of an electronic phenotype or signature is pivotal for precision medicine, enabling a shift from subjective clinical descriptions to data-driven insights.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143736322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surveillance of <i>Salmonella</i> and antimicrobial resistance in industrial poultry enterprises: biofilm-forming strains and critical control points.","authors":"Birzhan Biyashev, Aygerim Zhusanbayeva, Zhumagul Kirkimbayeva, Asel Zholdasbekova, Dinara Sarybayeva","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001993","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.001993","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> <i>Salmonella</i> contamination in the poultry industry poses substantial health risks, especially due to biofilm-forming strains that resist disinfection and antibiotic treatment. Biofilm-forming <i>Salmonella</i> strains are particularly challenging to control, as they adhere to surfaces in production environments, leading to persistent contamination. This study assesses the prevalence of <i>Salmonella</i>, examines antibiotic resistance patterns and evaluates biosecurity effectiveness at poultry farms in Kazakhstan.<b>Hypothesis/Gap Statement.</b> There is limited data on the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of biofilm-forming <i>Salmonella</i> strains in Kazakhstan's poultry industry, highlighting a need to characterize these strains to inform effective control measures.<b>Aim.</b> The purpose of this study was to systematically identify and characterize <i>Salmonella</i> strains, including biofilm-forming types, within industrial poultry enterprises in Kazakhstan.<b>Methodology.</b> A total of 660 samples were collected from various poultry production sites, including feed, water sources, cloacal flushes and shoe covers. <i>Salmonella</i> detection followed standardized protocols, and antibiotic sensitivity of identified strains was analysed to evaluate resistance patterns.<b>Results.</b> <i>Salmonella</i> was detected in 11.5% (95% CI) of the 660 samples, with the highest contamination observed in shoe covers, cloacal flushes, feed and water. This prevalence rate indicates a significant presence of the pathogen in the country's poultry production chain, falling between the higher rates seen in countries like China (22.2%) and Egypt (29.1%) and the lower rates observed in countries like Brazil (3.4%). The most prevalent strain was <i>Salmonella gallinarum-pullorum</i> (61.8%), followed by <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> (18.4%) and <i>Salmonella enteritidis</i> (14.5%). Antibiotic sensitivity analysis revealed that <i>S. gallinarum-pullorum</i> was largely susceptible to common antibiotics, while <i>S. typhimurium</i> displayed considerable resistance, emphasizing the need for alternative treatments.<b>Conclusion.</b> The findings underscore the importance of strict sanitary and hygiene standards throughout poultry production, with a particular focus on managing biofilm-forming <i>Salmonella</i> strains. Implementing comprehensive Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points protocols is essential to address contamination hotspots effectively. Future studies should investigate genetic mechanisms underlying biofilm formation and resistance in <i>Salmonella</i> strains to inform targeted interventions, ultimately improving food safety and public health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11937220/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143702541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preserving the antimicrobial arsenal: exploring alternatives to carbapenems in ESBL battles within the southeast of Ireland.","authors":"Saied Ali, Aideen Tobin, Susan Lapthorne, Meadhbh Collison, Doireann Murphy, Grace Chan, Maeve Doyle","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001955","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.001955","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> Carbapenems are usually employed as first-line antimicrobials against bacteria harbouring extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs). These enzymes confer resistance often to multiple classes of antimicrobials.<b>Hypothesis/Gap Statement.</b> This indiscriminate use of carbapenems and the inevitable development of carbapenem resistance have prompted the need for carbapenem-sparing strategies.<b>Methodology.</b> The non-carbapenem antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of 60 ESBL-producing <i>Enterobacterales</i> (ESBL-PE) isolates responsible for bloodstream infections, in 2022-2023 inclusive, processed at our institution were reviewed.<b>Results.</b> The non-carbapenem antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of 60 ESBL-PE isolates from bloodstream infections during the study period were determined. <i>Escherichia coli</i> was the most common species isolated (87%, <i>n</i>=52), with the majority of cases (73.3%, <i>n</i>=44) originating from a presumed urinary source. Temocillin (TMC), mecillinam (MEC), cefiderocol (FDC), amikacin and fosfomycin (FOS) displayed excellent activity against all ESBL-PE isolates tested, with susceptibility rates of≥85%. Ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid were the least efficacious agents, with susceptibility rates≤20%.<b>Conclusions.</b> TMC, MEC, FDC and FOS offer promising alternatives to carbapenems, demonstrating efficacy against ESBL-PE. The use of these agents not only broadens the therapeutic arsenal against ESBL-PE but also mitigates the potential for escalating carbapenem resistance, especially in regions where the incidence of carbapenem resistance is increasing.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11796091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143191431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viral vectors: design and delivery for small RNA.","authors":"Wei Chin Koh, Khatijah Yusoff, Adelene Ai Lian Song, Norazalina Saad, Suet Lin Chia","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001972","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.001972","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>RNA interference regulates gene expression by selectively silencing target genes through the introduction of small RNA molecules, such as microRNA, small interfering RNA and short hairpin RNA. These molecules offer significant therapeutic potential for diverse human ailments like cancer, viral infections and neurodegenerative disorders. Whilst non-viral vectors like nanoparticles have been extensively explored for delivering these RNAs, viral vectors, with superior specificity and delivery efficiency, remain less studied. This review examines current viral vectors for small RNA delivery, focusing on design strategies and characteristics. It compares the advantages and drawbacks of each vector, aiding readers in selecting the optimal one for small RNA delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical metagenomics: ethical issues.","authors":"Tess Johnson, Euzebiusz Jamrozik, Prashanth Ramachandran, Stephanie Johnson","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001967","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.001967","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metagenomics is increasingly used for diagnosis in hospital settings. It is useful particularly in cases of unknown aetiology, where novel or difficult-to-diagnose pathogens are suspected, and/or following unexplained disease outbreaks. In this paper, we present three use cases that draw on existing reports: one involving a patient in intensive care with encephalitis of unknown aetiology; a second case with likely infection with drug-resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> and an incidental finding of unknown relevance; and a third case situated in an unexplained outbreak of acute hepatitis in children, with severe outcomes due to co-infection. We examine each case in turn, highlighting ethical questions arising in relation to clinical issues including: disclosure to patients of untreatable disease, cost-effectiveness, the value of resistance testing, sensitivity and specificity, uncertain or unexpected findings, patient consent and data sharing. We conclude by proposing recommendations for further research and developing particular pieces of guidance to improve clinical uses of metagenomics for diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11868657/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143517729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genotypic and phenotypic analyses of two distinct sets of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> urinary tract isolates.","authors":"H Ebrahim, S Haldenby, M P Moore, A A Dashti, R V Floyd, J L Fothergill","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001971","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.001971","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are associated with a high burden of morbidity, mortality and cost. <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> employs a myriad of virulence factors, including biofilm formation and motility mechanisms, to cause infections including persistent UTIs. <i>P. aeruginosa</i> is highly resistant to antibiotics, and the World Health Organization has identified it as a pathogen for which novel antimicrobials are urgently required.<b>Gap statement.</b> Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> from UTIs is underreported. In addition, the rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a cause for concern, particularly in many countries where surveillance is severely lacking.<b>Aim.</b> To identify genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> UTI isolates sourced from the UK and the state of Kuwait, with an emphasis on genotypic diversity and AMR.<b>Methods.</b> Twenty-three <i>P</i>. <i>aeruginosa</i> UTI isolates were sourced from the UK and Kuwait. To establish the phenotypes of UK isolates, growth analysis, biofilm formation assays, motility assays and antibiotic disc diffusion assays were performed. Whole-genome sequencing, antimicrobial susceptibility assays and <i>in silico</i> detection of AMR-associated genes were conducted on both sets of isolates.<b>Results.</b> In terms of their phenotypic characteristics and genomic composition, the UTI isolates varied. Multiple resistance genes are associated with resistance to various classes of antibiotics, such as aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones and <i>β</i>-lactams, particularly in isolates from Kuwait. Extreme antibiotic resistance was detected in the isolates obtained from Kuwait, indicating that the country may be an antibiotic resistance hotspot.<b>Conclusion.</b> This study highlights that isolates from UTIs are diverse and can display extremely high resistance. Surveillance in countries such as Kuwait is currently limited, and this study suggests the need for greater surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11868659/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143517731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of Shiga toxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> other than serotype O157:H7 in England, 2016-2023.","authors":"Grace King, Claire Jenkins, Iain Hayden, Ella V Rodwell, Orlagh Quinn, Gauri Godbole, Amy Douglas, Clare Sawyer, Sooria Balasegaram","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001947","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.001947","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> Shiga toxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (STEC) infections are of public health concern as STEC can cause large national foodborne outbreaks of severe gastrointestinal disease, particularly in the young and elderly. In recent years, the implementation of PCR by diagnostic microbiology laboratories has improved the detection of STEC, and there has been an increase in notifications of cases of non-O157 STEC. However, the extent this increase in caseload can be attributed to the improved detection by PCR, or a true increase in non-O157 STEC infections, is unknown.<b>Gap Statement.</b> Epidemiological and microbiological data and analyses describing the trends in non-O157 STEC in England since the implementation of PCR are limited.<b>Aim.</b> Demographic, microbiological and clinical characteristics of non-O157 STEC from 8 years (2016-2023) of laboratory surveillance data were analysed to understand the recent trends in non-O157 serotypes and the incidence of disease in England.<b>Methodology.</b> All human isolates of STEC non-O157 detected between 2016 and 2023 were extracted from the laboratory surveillance system. Microbiological data were analysed and linked to clinical outcomes.<b>Results.</b> There was an almost 10-fold increase in diagnoses of non-O157 STEC from 2016 (<i>n</i>=297) to 2023 (<i>n</i>=2341). A total of 9378 isolates of non-O157 STEC were detected, comprising 338 different serotypes, and were linked to 9311 individuals. A higher proportion of non-O157 STEC cases were female (56%) and aged between 20 and 39 years (27%). The most common non-O157 serotypes were O26:H11 (16%), O146:H21 (12%), O91:H14 (11%), O128:H2 (6%), O145:H28 (5%) and O103:H2 (4%). STEC O26:H11 was more frequently reported in under 5s than any other age group (38%), whereas the other common serotypes were more frequently isolated from adults. <i>Stx2a</i>, which has been associated with greater disease severity, was detected in 18% of cases. Where clinical details were available, 27% of non-O157 cases were admitted to the hospital and 6% developed HUS. Cases of STEC O145:H28 reported a higher rate of hospitalisation than other non-O157 STEC cases. The serotypes most likely to be associated with progression to HUS were O26:H11 (9%) and O145:H28 (7%). STEC harbouring <i>stx2f</i> (19%), <i>stx2a</i> (11%) and <i>stx2d</i> (11%) were most frequently isolated from cases with HUS.<b>Conclusion.</b> The implementation of widespread PCR testing in England has facilitated better surveillance of STEC non-O157, with respect to establishing the true incidence and burden of disease of non-O157 STEC and monitoring the emergence of highly virulent strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11721027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142960776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}