Journal of medical microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Preserving the antimicrobial arsenal: exploring alternatives to carbapenems in ESBL battles within the southeast of Ireland.","authors":"Saied Ali, Aideen Tobin, Susan Lapthorne, Meadhbh Collison, Doireann Murphy, Grace Chan, Maeve Doyle","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001955","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.001955","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> Carbapenems are usually employed as first-line antimicrobials against bacteria harbouring extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs). These enzymes confer resistance often to multiple classes of antimicrobials.<b>Hypothesis/Gap Statement.</b> This indiscriminate use of carbapenems and the inevitable development of carbapenem resistance have prompted the need for carbapenem-sparing strategies.<b>Methodology.</b> The non-carbapenem antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of 60 ESBL-producing <i>Enterobacterales</i> (ESBL-PE) isolates responsible for bloodstream infections, in 2022-2023 inclusive, processed at our institution were reviewed.<b>Results.</b> The non-carbapenem antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of 60 ESBL-PE isolates from bloodstream infections during the study period were determined. <i>Escherichia coli</i> was the most common species isolated (87%, <i>n</i>=52), with the majority of cases (73.3%, <i>n</i>=44) originating from a presumed urinary source. Temocillin (TMC), mecillinam (MEC), cefiderocol (FDC), amikacin and fosfomycin (FOS) displayed excellent activity against all ESBL-PE isolates tested, with susceptibility rates of≥85%. Ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid were the least efficacious agents, with susceptibility rates≤20%.<b>Conclusions.</b> TMC, MEC, FDC and FOS offer promising alternatives to carbapenems, demonstrating efficacy against ESBL-PE. The use of these agents not only broadens the therapeutic arsenal against ESBL-PE but also mitigates the potential for escalating carbapenem resistance, especially in regions where the incidence of carbapenem resistance is increasing.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11796091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143191431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viral vectors: design and delivery for small RNA.","authors":"Wei Chin Koh, Khatijah Yusoff, Adelene Ai Lian Song, Norazalina Saad, Suet Lin Chia","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001972","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.001972","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>RNA interference regulates gene expression by selectively silencing target genes through the introduction of small RNA molecules, such as microRNA, small interfering RNA and short hairpin RNA. These molecules offer significant therapeutic potential for diverse human ailments like cancer, viral infections and neurodegenerative disorders. Whilst non-viral vectors like nanoparticles have been extensively explored for delivering these RNAs, viral vectors, with superior specificity and delivery efficiency, remain less studied. This review examines current viral vectors for small RNA delivery, focusing on design strategies and characteristics. It compares the advantages and drawbacks of each vector, aiding readers in selecting the optimal one for small RNA delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of Shiga toxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> other than serotype O157:H7 in England, 2016-2023.","authors":"Grace King, Claire Jenkins, Iain Hayden, Ella V Rodwell, Orlagh Quinn, Gauri Godbole, Amy Douglas, Clare Sawyer, Sooria Balasegaram","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001947","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.001947","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> Shiga toxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (STEC) infections are of public health concern as STEC can cause large national foodborne outbreaks of severe gastrointestinal disease, particularly in the young and elderly. In recent years, the implementation of PCR by diagnostic microbiology laboratories has improved the detection of STEC, and there has been an increase in notifications of cases of non-O157 STEC. However, the extent this increase in caseload can be attributed to the improved detection by PCR, or a true increase in non-O157 STEC infections, is unknown.<b>Gap Statement.</b> Epidemiological and microbiological data and analyses describing the trends in non-O157 STEC in England since the implementation of PCR are limited.<b>Aim.</b> Demographic, microbiological and clinical characteristics of non-O157 STEC from 8 years (2016-2023) of laboratory surveillance data were analysed to understand the recent trends in non-O157 serotypes and the incidence of disease in England.<b>Methodology.</b> All human isolates of STEC non-O157 detected between 2016 and 2023 were extracted from the laboratory surveillance system. Microbiological data were analysed and linked to clinical outcomes.<b>Results.</b> There was an almost 10-fold increase in diagnoses of non-O157 STEC from 2016 (<i>n</i>=297) to 2023 (<i>n</i>=2341). A total of 9378 isolates of non-O157 STEC were detected, comprising 338 different serotypes, and were linked to 9311 individuals. A higher proportion of non-O157 STEC cases were female (56%) and aged between 20 and 39 years (27%). The most common non-O157 serotypes were O26:H11 (16%), O146:H21 (12%), O91:H14 (11%), O128:H2 (6%), O145:H28 (5%) and O103:H2 (4%). STEC O26:H11 was more frequently reported in under 5s than any other age group (38%), whereas the other common serotypes were more frequently isolated from adults. <i>Stx2a</i>, which has been associated with greater disease severity, was detected in 18% of cases. Where clinical details were available, 27% of non-O157 cases were admitted to the hospital and 6% developed HUS. Cases of STEC O145:H28 reported a higher rate of hospitalisation than other non-O157 STEC cases. The serotypes most likely to be associated with progression to HUS were O26:H11 (9%) and O145:H28 (7%). STEC harbouring <i>stx2f</i> (19%), <i>stx2a</i> (11%) and <i>stx2d</i> (11%) were most frequently isolated from cases with HUS.<b>Conclusion.</b> The implementation of widespread PCR testing in England has facilitated better surveillance of STEC non-O157, with respect to establishing the true incidence and burden of disease of non-O157 STEC and monitoring the emergence of highly virulent strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11721027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142960776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the time to blood culture positivity: why does it take so long?","authors":"Kerry Falconer, Robert Hammond, Benjamin J Parcell, Stephen H Gillespie","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001942","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are one of the most serious infections investigated by microbiologists. However, the time to detect a BSI fails to meet the rapidity required to inform clinical decisions in real time.<b>Gap Statement.</b> Blood culture (BC) is considered the gold standard for diagnosing bloodstream infections. However, the time to blood culture positivity can be lengthy. Underpinning this is the reliance on bacteria replicating to a high concentration, which is necessary for the detection using routine blood culture systems. To improve the diagnosis and management of patients with BSIs, more sensitive detection methods are required.<b>Aim.</b> The study aimed to answer key questions addressing the delay in BSI detection and whether the time to BSI detection could be expedited using a Scattered Light Integrated Collection (SLIC) device.<b>Methodology.</b> A proof-of-concept study was conducted to compare the time to positivity (TTP) of Gram-negative BCs flagging positive on BacT/ALERT with an SLIC device. An SLIC device was utilized to compare the TTP of the most prevalent BSI pathogens derived from nutrient broth and BC, the influence of bacterial load on TTP and the TTP directly from whole blood. Additionally, the overall turnaround time (TAT) of SLIC was compared with that of a standard hospital workflow.<b>Results.</b> Most pathogens tested took significantly longer to replicate when derived from BC than from nutrient medium. The median TTP of Gram-negative BC on BacT/ALERT was 13.56 h with a median bacterial load of 6.4×10⁹ c.f.u. ml^-1. All pathogens (7/7) derived from BC at a concentration of 10⁵ c.f.u. ml^-1 were detectable in under 70 min on SLIC. Decreasing <i>Escherichia coli</i> BC concentration from 10⁵ to 10² c.f.u. ml^-1 increased the TTP of SLIC from 15 to 85 min. Direct BSI detection from whole blood on SLIC demonstrated a 76% reduction in TAT when compared with the standard hospital workflow.<b>Conclusion.</b> An SLIC device significantly reduced the TTP of common BSI pathogens. The application of this technology could have a major impact on the detection and management of BSI.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142933876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: Dysbiosis-epigenetics-immune system interaction and ageing health problems.","authors":"Sima Ataollahi Eshkoor, Sara Fanijavadi","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001961","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143070342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low cluster of differentiation 4+ T-cell count associated with thrombocytopenia among people living with human immunodeficiency virus-1 receiving antiretroviral in West Papua.","authors":"Setyo Adiningsih, Mirna Widiyanti, Asep Hermawan, Hasta Handayani Idrus, Rizki Fitrianingtyas","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001958","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> Anaemia and thrombocytopenia are blood-related irregularities linked to an increased likelihood of disease progression, leading to death in people living with human immunodeficiency virus 1 (PLHIV).<b>Gap statement.</b> Severe clinical conditions associated with human immunodeficiency 1 (HIV-1) infection may be related to blood irregularities among PLHIV.<b>Aim.</b> The study aimed to examine the factors correlated with blood irregularities among PLHIV receiving antiretroviral treatment in West Papua.<b>Methodology.</b> We conducted a study at hospitals in West Papua involving 80 participants who received antiretroviral therapy (ART) and agreed to provide informed consent. Standardized and validated questionnaires were used for data collection. Sequential assessment of haematological and immunological parameters was performed using Sysmex haematology and PIMA CD4+ analyser. Fisher's exact test and logistic regression analysis were applied, with a significance level set at <i>P</i><0.05, to identify the key factors positively associated with blood irregularities.<b>Results.</b> The overall incidences of anaemia and thrombocytopenia were 56.3 and 40%, respectively. Fisher's exact test indicated that anaemia [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 3.02; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.160-7.866; <i>P</i><0.05] and low CD4+ T-cell count (AOR: 3.81; 95 % CI: 1.485-9.820, <i>P</i><0.05) were significantly associated with thrombocytopenia. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the most influential factor contributing to thrombocytopenia-related blood irregularities was the clinical CD4+ T-cell count (<i>B</i>=3.818; 95% CI: 1.485-9.820, <i>P</i><0.05).<b>Conclusion.</b> CD4+ T-cell count was indicated as the main factor causing thrombocytopenia among PLHIV receiving ART in West Papua. It is crucial to conduct screening and regular haematological assessments among PLHIV having low CD4+ T-cell counts to mitigate morbidity and mortality risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143070366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antifungal activity of 2-adamantylamine hydrochloride on <i>Candida albicans</i> and <i>Candida parapsilosis</i>.","authors":"Tanjila C Gavandi, Sayali A Chougule, Shivani B Patil, Sargun T Basrani, S Mohan Karuppayil, Ashwini K Jadhav","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001943","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> Increased virulence and drug resistance in species of <i>Candida</i> resulted in reduced disease control and further demand the development of potent antifungal drugs.<b>Hypothesis.</b> The repurposing of non-antifungal drugs and combination therapy has become an attractive alternative to counter the emerging drug resistance and toxicity of existing antifungal drugs against <i>Candida albicans</i> and non-albicans species.<b>Aim.</b> This study aimed to accelerate antifungal drug development process by drug repurposing approach.<b>Methodology.</b> In this study, the antifungal effects of the antiviral drug, 2-adamantylamine hydrochloride (2-AM), were explored against <i>C. albicans</i> and <i>C. parapsilosis</i>. Broth microdilution measured <i>in vitro</i> efficacy of 2-AM, whereas reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and ergosterol quantification, cell cycle and phosphatidylserine externalization studies were detailed to investigate the antifungal mode of 2-AM action.<b>Results.</b> Results showed that 2-AM had fungicidal action against both the strains where, 2-AM further inhibited morphogenic transitions as well. Antibiofilm action of 2-AM on <i>C. albicans</i> was evidenced on urinary catheters. G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis indicated ROS induced antifungal effect of 2-AM on both strains.<b>Conclusions.</b> Results of <i>in vitro</i> studies offers insight into the antifungal activity of 2-AM and may serve as an effective antifungal repurposed candidate against <i>C. albicans</i> and <i>C. parapsilosis</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and efficacy of lamivudine/dolutegravir vs. bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in antiretroviral-naive adults with HIV-1 infection in Shanghai, China: a single-centre retrospective study.","authors":"Junyang Yang, Lin Wang, Xiaoran Zhang, Li Liu, Yinzhong Shen, Tangkai Qi, Zhenyan Wang, Wei Song, Yang Tang, Shuibao Xu, Jianjun Sun, Youming Chen, Yihong Shen, Jun Chen, Renfang Zhang","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001949","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> Lamivudine plus dolutegravir (3TC/DTG) and bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF) regimens are commonly used as first-line treatments for people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH) worldwide.<b>Gap Statement.</b> There are limited comparative data on the antiviral activity and safety between these regimens in ART-naive PLWH, particularly in China, where the 3TC/DTG regimen was integrated into first-line therapy in 2021 and gained broader adoption after its inclusion in the National Health Insurance in 2022.<b>Aims.</b> This study aims to provide real-world evidence comparing the 3TC/DTG regimen to the B/F/TAF regimen in ART-naive PLWH in China.<b>Methodology.</b> This retrospective study enrolled PLWH initiating ART with either 3TC/DTG or B/F/TAF in Shanghai from January 2020 to January 2023. Demographic characteristics and clinical information were collected and compared for each patient.<b>Results.</b> A total of 380 eligible, ART-naive PLWH were included, with 190 patients in the 3TC/DTG group and 190 patients in the B/F/TAF group. Following the initiation of ART, most patients (94.1 and 89.3% for 3TC/DTG and B/F/TAF groups, respectively) achieved viral suppression (<50 copies of HIV RNA per millilitre) at week 24. The CD4 cell count significantly increased from a baseline of 301.3±185.8 cells per microlitre to 479.5±229.3 cells per microlitre at week 36 for the 3TC/DTG group and from 289.2±188.8 cells per microlitre at baseline to 487.8±234.2 cells per microlitre at week 36 for the B/F/TAF group. Both groups experienced an increase in blood lipid levels after initiating ART, with higher levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) observed in the 3TC/DTG group compared with the B/F/TAF group. Renal and hepatic function indicators remained stable in both groups.<b>Conclusions.</b> 3TC/DTG demonstrates similar antiviral efficacy to B/F/TAF and does not significantly impact liver and kidney functions. Patients receiving 3TC/DTG showed higher plasma HDL-C levels compared with those on B/F/TAF, which confer long-term clinical benefits in reducing cardiovascular risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143056172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress in the investigation of the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio as a potential pathogenic factor in ulcerative colitis.","authors":"Yu Yin, Tiezheng Yang, Ziyue Tian, Chong Shi, Chengqiu Yan, Hui Li, Yu Du, Guofeng Li","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001966","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that presents significant challenges in terms of treatment owing to a pronounced likelihood of recurrence and an elevated risk of cancer development, thereby imposing substantial risks on affected individuals. The gut microbiota of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes (F/B) can affect diseases associated with IBD, which is also a risk factor for breast cancer. This review discusses the hazards associated with UC, highlights the existing disparities in UC-associated gut microbiome research, explores the concept of the F/B ratio and scrutinizes its correlation with UC. Moreover, the differences in the F/B ratios between healthy individuals and those with UC were thoroughly examined. These findings suggest that an elevated F/B ratio may promote the occurrence and progression of UC. Consequently, the F/B ratio may play a significant role in UC by influencing gut microbiota composition and inflammatory responses, suggesting that future research should focus on this ratio as a potential biomarker for disease progression and therapeutic targets in managing UC.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143070367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnicity-matched case-control study reveals significant gut microbiota differences in Malaysian adults with type 2 diabetes.","authors":"Geetha Letchumanan, Muhamad Marlini, Nizam Baharom, Blair Lawley, Fathima Begum Syed Mohideen, Sathya Rao Jogulu, Faizul Helmi Addnan, Mohd Manzor Nur Fariha, Mohd Rahman Omar, Siva Gowri Pathmanathan","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001963","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major global health issue projected to exceed 700 million cases by 2045. In Malaysia, T2DM prevalence has risen, with notable ethnic disparities.<b>Gap statement.</b> The gut microbiota's role in T2DM pathogenesis is well recognized, yet its composition in Malaysia's ethnically diverse population remains underexplored.<b>Aim.</b> This study aimed to characterize gut microbiota composition among T2DM and ethnicity-matched adults without diabetes (nonDM) in Malaysia.<b>Methodology.</b> A case-control study was conducted with 45 T2DM and 45 nonDM participants matched by ethnicity from a primary care clinic in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Faecal DNA was subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing to identify microbiota diversity and composition differences and compare predicted functional capabilities. Correlations between bacterial taxa, clinical characteristics and dietary intake were analysed.<b>Results.</b> T2DM participants showed decreased alpha diversity (observed, <i>P</i>-value=0.002, <i>r</i>=0.69; Shannon, <i>P</i>-value<0.001, <i>r</i>=0.73) and significant differences in beta diversity (permutational multivariate ANOVA, <i>R</i>²=0.036, <i>P</i>-value=0.001). Linear discriminant analysis effect size and multiple regression analysis, adjusted for covariates age, gender, BMI and intakes of protein, fat, carbohydrate and fibre, identified the phylum <i>Proteobacteria</i> and genera <i>Escherichia-Shigella</i> to be increased, while the genera <i>Anaerostipes</i> and <i>Romboutsia</i> decreased in T2DM. These bacteria were associated with various clinical characteristics and dietary intake. However, these 'potential biomarkers' were not uniformly present across all participants, suggesting that individual bacterial taxa may not serve as universal biomarkers.<b>Conclusion.</b> Significant gut microbiota differences exist between T2DM and nonDM individuals in Malaysia, indicating a dysbiosis characterized by increased pro-inflammatory bacteria and reduced short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria in T2DM. While these findings highlight the potential functional relevance of gut microbiota in T2DM pathogenesis, addressing limitations such as participant matching for confounding factors in future studies could uncover additional significant differences in microbiota composition. Furthermore, the variability in taxa prevalence across individuals suggests that targeting microbial metabolic products may offer more promising strategies to inform microbiota-targeted interventions than relying solely on specific bacterial taxa as biomarkers.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143070347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}