Journal of medical microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Phenotype and genotype of carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> in a teaching hospital in Shanghai, China.","authors":"Wei Ma, Yuxiang Wan, Xuejiao Li, Xiaochun Huang, Changzi Deng, Qin Qin","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001960","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.001960","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> Carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (CR-hvKP) is an emerging pathogen associated with severe clinical outcomes, prompting an urgent investigation into its genomic characteristics and pathogenic potential.<b>Hypothesis/Gap Statement.</b> We hypothesize that CR-hvKP strains exhibit high-level resistance and high virulence, leading to their rapid spread in clinical settings and posing a serious threat to clinical treatment.<b>Aim.</b> The aim of the study was to investigate the phenotype and genotype of CR-hvKP strains, reveal their resistance- and virulence-related genomic characteristics and elucidate the biological characteristics of high-virulence and high-resistance strains to provide molecular epidemiological data for clinical use.<b>Methodology.</b> Carbapenem-resistant <i>K. pneumoniae</i> (CRKP) strains were obtained from clinical samples, from January 2013 to December 2018. PCR amplification was conducted to screen for carbapenem genes. To evaluate the virulence potential of the isolates, we conducted various tests, including a string test, Galleria mellonella larvae infection test, capsular polysaccharide synthesis genotyping and genetic sequencing analyses. We used PFGE, multilocus sequence typing and next-generation sequencing to detect the genetic relationship and homology of the strains.<b>Results.</b> In this study, we obtained 500 strains of CRKP, among which 18 strains were identified as CR-hvKP. All CR-hvKP strains were multidrug-resistant, exhibiting high-level resistance to most <i>β</i>-lactam antibiotics, including carbapenems. All CR-hvKP strains except N5 were positive for <i>bla</i>KPC-2, of which 14 isolates belonged to capsular serotype K64. Ten unrelated PFGE types were identified by PFGE analysis. Based on the results of PFGE, a total of 12 CR-hvKP isolates were selected from the 18 isolates for further testing, and 9 isolates had high homology with pLVPK virulence-related plasmids. All CR-hvKP strains showed high virulence in the Galleria mellonella infection model.<b>Conclusions.</b> The study revealed the resistance- and virulence-related genomic characteristics of CR-hvKP strains and confirmed the high virulence of these strains. These results are of great significance for understanding the epidemiological characteristics and clinical treatment of CR-hvKP and provide basic data for the formulation of corresponding prevention and control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11897171/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143560423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic insights into extended-spectrum <i>β</i>-lactamase- and plasmid-borne AmpC-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> transmission between humans and livestock in rural Cambodia.","authors":"Ebraheem D Elmarghani, John H-O Pettersson, Clara Atterby, Rachel A Hickman, Sokerya Seng, Sorn San, Kristina Osbjer, Ulf Magnusson, Evangelos Mourkas, Josef D Järhult","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001988","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.001988","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> The global spread of extended-spectrum cephalosporinase-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (producing extended-spectrum <i>β</i>-lactamase or plasmid-borne AmpC, hereafter ESC-Ec) is a major public health concern. Whilst extensively studied in high-income countries, the transmission pathways between humans and animals in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remain unclear. In rural Cambodia, the asymptomatic carriage and transmission dynamics of ESC-Ec between humans and animals living in close proximity are poorly understood, highlighting the need for targeted research in this area.<b>Gap statement.</b> An enhanced understanding of the genetic epidemiology of ESC-Ec can enable mitigation strategies to reduce the burden of disease and drug-resistant infections in LMIC settings.<b>Aim.</b> This study aimed to investigate the genetic relatedness and genotypic antibiotic resistance profiles of ESC-Ec strains from humans and livestock in rural Cambodia and to identify patterns of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) gene transmission between hosts and across households and villages.<b>Methodology.</b> Faecal samples were collected from 307 humans and 285 livestock in 100 households in or near Kampong Cham Province in rural Cambodia. From these samples, 108 ESC-Ec strains were subjected to whole-genome sequencing. Core genome MLST (cgMLST) and phylogenetic analysis determined genetic relationships between strains. All strains were screened for the presence of antibiotic resistance genes and plasmids.<b>Results.</b> Human and livestock isolates were assigned to six phylogroups, with phylogroup A being the most common (56.5%). MLST identified 50 sequence types (STs), 17 of which were shared between humans and animals, with ST155 being the most prevalent. cgMLST revealed 97 distinct cgMLST sequence types (cgST), indicating strain sharing between humans and animals. Additionally, AMR gene analysis showed widespread resistance, with genes from the <i>bla</i> _CTX-M group detected in 84.2% of isolates. Notably, AMR genes such as <i>aph(3'')-Ib-sul2</i> co-occurred in 50% of isolates. Finally, plasmid analysis identified IncF plasmids in 75.9% of isolates, likely facilitating AMR gene transmission across hosts.<b>Conclusions.</b> Our findings demonstrate that ESC-Ec strains and their AMR genes are transmitted between humans and livestock in rural Cambodia, likely driven by both clonal spread and plasmid-mediated horizontal gene transfer. These results highlight the urgent need for antimicrobial stewardship and infection control strategies to mitigate the spread of multidrug-resistant pathogens in both human and animal populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11915462/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143627255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of whole-genome sequencing protocols for detection of antimicrobial resistance, virulence factors and mobile genetic elements in antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.","authors":"Gabriel Cipriani, Karin Helmersen, Ricardo Ruiz Mazzon, Glauber Wagner, Hege Vangstein Aamot, Fabienne Antunes Ferreira","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001990","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.001990","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a critical threat to global health, underscoring the need for rapid and accurate diagnostic tools. Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (ESBL-Kp) are listed among the World Health Organization's priority pathogens.<b>Hypothesis.</b> A rapid nanopore-based protocol can accurately and efficiently detect AMR genes, virulence factors (VFs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in MRSA and ESBL-Kp, offering performance comparable to or superior to traditional sequencing methods.<b>Aim.</b> Evaluate whole-genome sequencing (WGS) protocols for detecting AMR genes, VFs and MGEs in MRSA and ESBL-Kp, to identify the most accurate and efficient tool for pathogen profiling.<b>Methodology.</b> Five distinct WGS protocols, including a rapid nanopore-based protocol (ONT20h) and four slower sequencing methods, were evaluated for their effectiveness in detecting genetic markers. The protocols' performances were compared across AMR genes, VFs and MGEs. Additionally, phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed to assess concordance with the genomic findings.<b>Results.</b> Compared to four slower sequencing protocols, the rapid nanopore-based protocol (ONT20h) demonstrated comparable or superior performance in AMR gene detection and equivalent VF identification. Although MGE detection varied among protocols, ONT20h showed a high level of agreement with phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing.<b>Conclusion.</b> The findings highlight the potential of rapid WGS as a valuable tool for clinical microbiology, enabling timely implementation of infection control measures and informed therapeutic decisions. However, further studies are required to optimize the clinical application of this technology, considering costs, availability of bioinformatics tools and quality of reference databases.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11923095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143660220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Parachlamydia acanthamoebae</i>: disease-causing pathogen or opportunistic bystander?","authors":"Simone E Adams, Carole Kebbi-Beghdadi, Mirja Puolakkainen, Gilbert Greub, On Behalf Of The Escmid Study Group For Mycoplasma And Chlamydia Infections Esgmac","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001953","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.001953","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> <i>Parachlamydia acanthamoebae</i> is an obligate intracellular bacterium related to disease-causing bacteria like <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> and <i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i> and is thus classified within the <i>Chlamydiales</i> order. <i>Parachlamydia</i> was initially discovered within an <i>Acanthamoeba</i> strain isolated from water in a humidifier during an investigation of an outbreak of respiratory infections in humans.<b>Gap Statement.</b> The disease-causing potential of this bacterium is not fully understood, but <i>Parachlamydia</i> has been associated with bronchiolitis, bronchitis, aspiration pneumonia and community-acquired pneumonia in humans. Additionally, diagnostic testing for <i>Parachlamydia</i> infection is not routinely performed, indicating that prevalence is underreported.<b>Aim.</b> This JMM profile aims to gauge what is currently known about the pathogenic potential of <i>P. acanthamoebae</i> and bring awareness to gaps in knowledge.<b>Results.</b> Amoebae appear to be the main reservoir of <i>P. acanthamoebae</i> and likely enter the nasal passages through contaminated water sources or contact with contaminated animals. The infected amoebae may then descend to the lower respiratory tract where the lytic cycle is triggered, causing human infection.<b>Conclusion.</b> By implementing serology and molecular testing, as well as conducting additional epidemiological studies, a better understanding of the association of human colonization with disease outcomes can be achieved.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12282293/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143660219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology and management of infections in critically ill neonates: findings from a cohort study in a Brazilian neonatal intensive care unit.","authors":"Isadora Caixeta da Silveira Ferreira, Ralciane de Paula Menezes, Mallu Santos Mendonça Lopes, Lúcio Borges de Araújo, Daniela Marques de Lima Mota Ferreira, Denise Von Dolinger de Brito Röder","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001968","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.001968","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are the leading cause of preventable death in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), particularly among very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.<b>Hypothesis/Gap Statement</b>: VLBW neonates are at higher risk of HAIs, particularly those caused by Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) and fungi, which can negatively impact their survival and prolong hospitalization.<b>Aim.</b> To determine the risk factors, aetiology, antimicrobial susceptibility and clinical outcomes of HAIs in VLBW neonates in a Brazilian NICU.<b>Methodology.</b> This retrospective cohort study analysed the medical records of VLBW newborns admitted to the NICU from January 2015 to December 2022.<b>Results.</b> Among VLBW neonates, 269/670 (40.1%) developed HAIs and 203/670 (30.3%) developed sepsis. The incidence of HAIs (54.5% vs. 36.2%) and sepsis (49.7% vs. 25%) was higher in neonates weighing less than 750 g. The median birth weight of infected newborns was 960 g, and the median age of infection onset was 16 days. There were 292/456 (64%) infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria, 138/456 (30.3%) by GNB and 26/456 (5.7%) by fungi. Of the isolates, 277/456 (60.7%) were multidrug-resistant. Newborns weighing less than 750 g or infected with GNB and/or fungi had lower survival rates. Previous use of antifungals was the main predictor of infection (<i>P</i><0.01; odds ratio=4.21). Infections prolonged hospital stay from 25 to 42 days. The mortality rate was 17.6%, with a case lethality rate of 16.4%; 75% of deaths in the infected group were due to sepsis.<b>Conclusion.</b> The high incidence of infection emphasizes the need for infection control and antimicrobial management. Low birth weight is associated with increased risk of infection and decreased survival. The increase in GNB and fungal infections requires prevention and treatment strategies to reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11936347/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143702539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fractional inhibitory concentration of bio-actives from agricultural waste disassembles biofilms and quenches virulence of nosocomial pathogens.","authors":"Srividhya Krishnan, Ponnusami Venkatachalam, Saravanan Ramiah Shanmugam, Nithyanand Paramasivam","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001980","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.001980","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> The contact surfaces in hospitals serve as reservoirs for pathogens and account for 20-40% of hospital-acquired infections. This resistance is mainly attributed to the biofilm-forming ability of the microbes. These biofilms restrict the entry of the antibiotics to penetrate them, thus giving rise to drug resistance. Hence, there is a renewed interest in formulating an environmentally friendly, non-allergic, quick mode of action, broad-spectrum disinfectant.<b>Hypothesis.</b> We hypothesize that the pure compounds present in the pyrolysis aqueous phase could act as an anti-infective and anti-biofilm agent.<b>Aim.</b> The present work investigates the effectiveness of furfuryl alcohol, 2-methyl-2-cyclopentenone and guaiacol as effective anti-infective agent followed by testing its biofilm eradication potential against the mixed species of multidrug-resistant pathogens such as <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Candida auris</i>.<b>Methodology.</b> The MIC and fractional inhibitory concentrations (FIC) of the pure compounds were determined using checkerboard assay for two-compound and three-compound combinations. The biofilm eradication concentration was performed on stainless coupons, followed by RNA isolation and quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis to elucidate virulence gene downregulation.<b>Results.</b> The individual MICs of furfuryl alcohol, 2-methyl-2-cyclopentenone and guaiacol were found to be 8%, 9% and 2% (v/v), respectively. The two-compound combination FIC index of 0.75 showed partial synergy between the compounds, while the three-compound combination showed an additive effect with a FIC index of 0.87. Further, at ½ FIC (biofilm inhibitory concentration), the compounds showed 52% eradication of preformed biofilms on the hospital contact surfaces (stainless steel). The growth and time-to-kill curve showed that the compounds were not lethal to planktonic cells at BIC. Finally, the qPCR analysis showed a reduction in the expression levels of biofilm and adhesion genes, while the Quorum sensing (QS) genes were affected much more, elucidating a possible eradication mechanism.<b>Conclusion.</b> From this study, we have found a new class of compounds that have potential disinfecting ability. With the current knowledge, the future lead would be to effectively use them in disinfectant formulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11920071/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143660221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidrug resistance in group B <i>Streptococcus</i> causing urinary tract infection exposes an erythromycin-driven protective effect against oxidative stress.","authors":"Devika Desai, Kelvin G K Goh, Sandon Ranadeera, Ellen Copeman, Matthew J Sullivan, Glen C Ulett","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001975","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.001975","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multidrug resistance has been reported in group B <i>Streptococcus</i> (GBS) from various origins, but rates among urinary tract infection (UTI) isolates are largely unknown. Erythromycin, a second-line antibiotic for GBS for which high rates of resistance have been reported, was recently shown to support the resistance of <i>Staphylococcu</i>s to oxidative stress. To survey multidrug-resistant (MDR) GBS from UTI and to investigate the effect of erythromycin exposure on the bacteria's ability to resist oxidative stress, we determined the antibacterial activity of 18 antibiotics against 292 GBS UTI isolates by disc diffusion and used i<i>n vitro</i> growth assays of MDR GBS exposed to erythromycin to examine relative resistance to oxidative stress in the form of H₂O₂. A high proportion of all 292 GBS isolates (33.6%) were MDR, reflecting high rates of resistance to four antibiotics: azithromycin (44.5%), clindamycin (26%), erythromycin (36.3%) and tetracycline (81.5%); however, no resistance was detected for any other antibiotics tested. Rates of resistance were not significantly different when analysed according to clinical origins (acute and recurrent UTI, asymptomatic bacteriuria). The growth of MDR GBS was attenuated and severely inhibited by exposure to erythromycin and H₂O₂, respectively. Surprisingly, exposure of MDR GBS to erythromycin significantly relieved the severe growth inhibitory effect of H₂O₂, signifying a partial rescue effect of the antibiotic. The GBS isolates in this study exhibit high levels of multidrug resistance without an association between resistance and clinical origin. Exposure of MDR GBS to erythromycin can partially counteract the severe growth inhibitory effect from H₂O₂.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11923109/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143660223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential expression of genes associated with lipid import, β-oxidation and lactate oxidation induced by <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> curli pili in broth culture compared to intracellular bacilli within THP-1 macrophages.","authors":"Shinese Ashokcoomar, Manormoney Pillay","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001994","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.001994","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> The adhesin, <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> curli pili (MTP), assists the pathogen in attachment, invasion and disease progression. Previously, this adhesin was demonstrated to contribute to the pathogen's cell wall functions and fatty acid metabolism and affects total metabolite abundance in central carbon metabolism and fatty acid metabolism of the host. The accumulation/depletion of metabolites is reliant on the gene expression of proteins involved in the import, transport and breakdown of substrates.<b>Gap statement.</b> MTP has not been investigated in relation to genes involved in import/transport/breakdown of substrates.<b>Aim.</b> This study aimed to investigate the possible regulatory role of MTP in modulating metabolic changes of the pathogen in different microenvironments.<b>Methods.</b> Ribonucleic acid was harvested from bacterial broth cultures of adhesin-proficient and adhesin-deficient <i>M. tuberculosis</i>. These strains were also used to infect differentiated THP-1 macrophages for 4 h prior to isolation of intracellular bacteria, RNA extraction and reverse transcription real-time quantitative PCR. The expression levels of selected genes involved in fatty acid transport (<i>lucA</i>, <i>mce1D</i>, <i>mceG</i>, <i>Rv2799</i>, <i>Rv0966c</i> and <i>omamB</i>), β-oxidation (<i>fadA5</i> and <i>fadB</i>), lactate oxidation (<i>lldD1</i> and <i>lldD2</i>) and gluconeogenic carbon flow (<i>pckA</i>) were analysed by absolute quantification.<b>Results.</b> The gene expression levels of <i>lucA</i>, <i>mce1D</i> and <i>pckA</i> were significantly lower, and those of <i>Rv2799</i>, <i>Rv0966c</i>, <i>mceG</i>, <i>fadA5</i> and <i>lldD2</i> were significantly higher in the adhesin-proficient cultured bacterial strains relative to the Δ<i>mtp</i> strain. The intracellular adhesin-proficient bacteria displayed significantly higher gene expression levels of <i>Rv2799</i> and significantly lower gene expression levels of <i>Rv0966c</i>, <i>fadA5</i>, <i>lldD1</i> and <i>pckA</i> relative to the Δ<i>mtp</i> strain. Interestingly, during early infection, the intracellular Δ<i>mtp</i> displayed significantly increased expression of <i>omamB</i>, <i>mceG</i>, <i>fadB</i>, <i>lldD1</i> and <i>lldD2</i> relative to the broth culture. This trend was inverted in the WT models.<b>Conclusion.</b> MTP are significantly associated with the regulation of genes involved in lipid transport, β-oxidation and lactate oxidation.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11956070/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143756905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cases of high-consequence infectious diseases identified in the UK, 1962-2023.","authors":"Barry Atkinson, Mike Beadsworth, Jake Dunning","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001982","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.001982","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The management of patients with acute infectious diseases can present significant challenges, especially if the causative agent has a propensity for person-to-person transmission. In such cases, effective patient management is dependent on both rapid identification of disease and the provision of necessary medical care while adhering to suitable infection prevention and control measures to reduce the potential for onwards transmission. The UK has operated a defined system for managing patients with high-consequence infectious diseases (HCIDs) since the 1970s, when protocols were first implemented following the first descriptions of several viral haemorrhagic fever diseases, including Marburg virus disease, Lassa fever and Ebola virus disease (EVD). While more than 200 people with HCIDs have been treated in UK hospitals since the 1970s, most of these patients had COVID-19 or mpox during the early phases of new public health emergencies of international concern (PHEICs), prior to their removal from the UK HCID list in March 2020 and June 2022, respectively. Excluding PHEICs, 26 patients have been treated in HCID treatment centres between 1962 and 2023: 10 patients with Lassa fever, 7 with mpox prior to the 2022 PHEIC, 4 with Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), 4 with EVD and 1 with Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF). In total, 15 additional HCID patients were identified where treatment in a specialist centre did not occur due to retrospective diagnosis (4 patients with Lassa fever), mild or moderate illness [5 patients with avian influenza A(H5N1), 1 with MERS and 1 with CCHF] or death prior to transfer (2 patients with Lassa fever, 1 with CCHF and 1 with pneumonic plague). Here we summarize the UK HCID experience, including details about their detection, patient management and outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11903645/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of cyclosporine A on the progression of ocular surface diseases: treatment efficacy and potential complications.","authors":"Gulnara Begimbayeva, Tursunkul Botabekova, Assel Yelikbayeva, Ekaterina Voronkova, Kamilla Kenzhebayeva","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001978","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.001978","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> Eye diseases are widespread all over the world and, if left untreated, can lead to blindness.<b>Hypothesis.</b> The use of 0.05% cyclosporine A (CsA) solution for the treatment of dry eye causes a decrease in discomfort and pain and improves objective measures such as tear film breakdown time, Schirmer test results and Oxford scale scores due to its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties that contribute to improved tear film stability and tear production.<b>Aim.</b> This study aimed to investigate the impact of CsA on the progression of ocular surface diseases.<b>Methodology.</b> An experiment was conducted on the basis of the FOCUS ophthalmology centre, Kazakhstan. A group of 100 individuals diagnosed with mild to severe dry eye illness were administered 0.05% CsA eye drops as part of the treatment protocol.<b>Results.</b> The positive effect is explained by the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of CsA. The study showed that the use of 0.05% CsA solution for the treatment of ocular surface disease led to a decrease in discomfort and pain, as well as an improvement in objective measures, including tear film breakdown time, Schirmer test results and Oxford scale scores. The visual analogue scale showed a significant reduction in symptoms, from 6.8 points at baseline to 3.7 points at day 60. In total, 20% of patients reported moderate side effects, such as pain during instillation and redness of the eye surface.<b>Conclusion.</b> It is concluded that the use of these drops reduced pain, improved patient condition and enhanced indicators such as the visual analogue scale, tear film breakup time, Schirmer test and Oxford scale of corneal and conjunctival staining. This study differs from the previous ones in that it focuses on the efficacy of 0.05% CsA solution in the treatment of dry eye and also examines the spectrum and frequency of side effects, which is not sufficiently covered in previous studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11903643/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}