Journal of medical microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Identification methods as a factor affecting the performance of clinical microbiology laboratories participating in an external quality assessment program: a cross-sectional, retrospective analysis.","authors":"Jennifer Wu, Md Saiful Alam, Veronica Restelli, Selvarani Vimalanathan, Lucy A Perrone","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001915","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.001915","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> Laboratory participation in external quality assessment (EQA) programmes including proficiency testing (PT) is a requirement of clinical laboratory conformance to ISO 15189:2022 <i>Medical laboratories - Requirements for quality and competence</i>. PT is one EQA method whereby laboratories are sent blinded samples for characterization by routine laboratory diagnostic methods. Importantly, PT enables a laboratory's performance to be evaluated in comparison to the standard reference methods and to the performance of other peer laboratories using similar diagnostic methods.<b>Gap statement.</b> The desired outcome of participating in PT is to help laboratories identify possible sources of error in each step of the total testing process and particularly in their test methods during the analytical phase.<b>Aim.</b> This cross-sectional study investigated the impact of using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) compared to conventional phenotypic biochemical testing on laboratory performance in a clinical bacteriology PT scheme.<b>Methodology.</b> During a 6-year period from 2017-2022, the Canadian Microbiology Proficiency Testing implemented 112 PT challenges comprising 22 different sample types and included 61 different bacterial species. This was translated into 5883 graded test events for analysis. Multiple logistic regression techniques were employed to explore the association between the test method employed and laboratory performance. The sample type and aerobic classification of challenge organisms were included as confounding variables.<b>Results.</b> Laboratories using MALDI-TOF MS performed significantly better in characterizing microorganisms than laboratories using phenotypic biochemical testing alone [odds ratio OR = 5.68, confidence interval (CI): 3.92, 8.22] regardless of the sample type and aerobic classification. Notably, our analysis identified a significant association between anaerobic organisms and laboratory performance (OR: 0.24, CI: 0.17-0.35), suggesting that culturing and identifying fastidious organisms remains a significant obstacle for many clinical microbiology laboratories.<b>Conclusions.</b> Although no method is infallible and its performance will depend on the validation and quality assurance procedures, this finding may help the management in the decision for implementing MALDI-TOF MS in the microbiology laboratory. This study highlights the important role PT providers play in the objective assessment of laboratory performance and how it can provide evidence for quality improvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"73 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11520924/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142523978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tissue response in a rat model of denture stomatitis treated with tissue conditioner containing antifungal complexed with β-cyclodextrin.","authors":"Carolina Yoshi Campos Sugio, Tânia Mary Cestari, Amanda Aparecida Maia Neves Garcia, Gustavo Simão Moraes, Thaís Albach, Thais Marchini de Oliveira, Gustavo Pompermaier Garlet, Vanessa Migliorini Urban, Karin Hermana Neppelenbroek","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> Tissue conditioners modified with antifungals are a potential alternative to denture stomatitis (DS) treatment.<b>Gap Statement.</b> Information on tissue response to this treatment before its clinical application is lacking.<b>Aim.</b> This study aimed to evaluate the tissue response of a tissue conditioner modified with antifungals in a rat model of DS.<b>Methodology.</b> After DS induction for 4 days under antibiotic therapy, Wistar rats had their intraoral devices (IODs) relined with the tissue conditioner Softone without (Soft) or with the MICs against <i>Candida albicans</i> of nystatin (Nys) or chlorhexidine (Chx) complexed or not with β-cyclodextrin (Nys:βCD and Chx:βCD). Three controls were included: healthy rats [negative control (Nc)], rats using a sterile IOD [sterile device (Sd)] and rats with DS that did not receive treatment (DS). After 4 days of treatment, the palatal mucosa under the IODs underwent histological processing for morphohistopathological and histometric analyses, morphology of collagen fibres (birefringence), immunohistochemistry for the expression of cell proliferation (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) and cytokine (IL-1β).<b>Results.</b> The Nc and Sd groups were similar (<i>P</i>>0.05), displaying epithelial and connective tissues without any discernible changes in the parameters assessed. The DS and Soft groups exhibited pronounced epithelial alterations, cell proliferation and expression of the cytokine IL-1β. In groups treated with drug incorporation (Nys, Chx, Nys:βCD and Chx:βCD), all samples demonstrated a reduction in tissue inflammation or complete tissue recovery, with an epithelium compatible with health. For the immunohistochemical parameters, the Chx, Nys:βCD and Chx:βCD groups were comparable with Nc (<i>P</i>>0.05).<b>Conclusion.</b> The proposed treatment could be promising for DS, as it led to the tissue recovery of the palatal mucosa. Nevertheless, much lower concentrations of complexed antifungals were required to achieve a similar or higher degree of tissue response compared with uncomplexed drugs in a modified tissue conditioner formulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"73 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142402450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lower gastrointestinal tract dysbiosis in persistent critical illness: a systematic review.","authors":"Emily Tang, Nicholas Doan, Tess Evans, Edward Litton","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001888","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.001888","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> The human lower gastrointestinal tract microbiome is complex, dynamic and prone to disruption occurring during critical illness.<b>Hypothesis or gap statement</b>. The characteristics of lower gastrointestinal tract microbiome disruption and its association with clinical outcomes in patients with prolonged intensive care stay remain uncertain.<b>Aim</b>. To systematically review studies describing lower gastrointestinal tract molecular sequencing in patients with prolonged intensive care stay and explore associations with clinical outcomes.<b>Methodology</b>. This systematic review was prospectively registered and follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. OVID MEDLINE, EMBASE and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched for eligible studies describing adults and/or children who underwent molecular sequencing of stool or rectal samples taken on or after 10 days of intensive care.<b>Results</b>. There were 13 studies with 177 patients included. The overall certainty of evidence was low, and no studies reported mortality. Reduced alpha diversity was observed in nine out of nine studies but was not associated with clinical outcomes in four out of four studies. Longitudinal alpha diversity decreased in five out of six studies, and inter-individual beta diversity increased in five out of five studies. After approximately one week of intensive care unit admission, rapid fluctuations in dominant taxa stabilized with trajectories of either recovery or deterioration in five studies. Pathogenic enrichment and commensal depletion were reported in all 13 studies and associated with clinical outcomes in two studies.<b>Conclusion</b>. Lower gastrointestinal tract microbiome disruption is highly prevalent and has consistent characteristics in patients with prolonged intensive care stay. Amongst reported metrics, only relative taxon abundance was associated with clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"73 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11463696/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142396378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic association of gut microbiota with osteoarthritis: a multivariable Mendelian randomization study considering medication use.","authors":"Ming-Hui Huang, Cai-Xia Liu, Yi-Sheng Huang, Ting-Yu He, Zi-Qiang Dong","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001920","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background.</b> The interplay among human gut microbiota (GM) composition, osteoarthritis (OA) and OA-related medication use has been extensively discussed. However, to date, there has been no exploration of the genetic correlation among these three factors.<b>Hypothesis/Gap.</b> The potential causal link between GM and OA), and whether medications influence this relationship, remains unclear.<b>Methods.</b> We utilized bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) to explore the genetic associations between GM and OA. We leveraged genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics from the MiBioGen and GO consortia, which provided data on GM taxa and OA cases, respectively. We identified outlier single-nucleotide polymorphisms using radial-MR and assessed causal associations using inverse variance weighting (IVW), weighted median and MR-Egger methods. Robust outcomes, consistent across these methods, were reported. We addressed potential biases through tests for horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity, supplemented by the Mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier method. Multivariable MR techniques were applied to adjust for OA medication use using UK Biobank data.<b>Results.</b> IVW estimates revealed a significant increase in hip OA risk for <i>Gordonibacter</i> and <i>Eubacterium</i> (brachy group) [odds ratio (OR): 1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04-1.15, <i>P</i>=7.82E-04; OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.03-1.16, <i>P</i>=4.67E-03, respectively]. Conversely, <i>Senegalimassilia</i>, <i>Slackia</i> and <i>Streptococcus</i> exhibited protective effects (OR: 0.88, <i>P</i>=2.14E-02; OR: 0.88, <i>P</i>=3.33E-02; 0.91, <i>P</i>=4.29E-02). <i>Sutterella</i> increased the risk of knee OA (OR=1.15, 95% CI: 1.07-1.25, <i>P</i>=4.06E-04), while <i>Haemophilus</i> decreased it (OR=0.94, 95% CI: 0.88-1.00, <i>P</i>=4.26E-02). No significant heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy was observed in the results. Even after accounting for the potential confounding effect of medication, the results remained consistent. No reverse causation was detected.<b>Conclusions.</b> Our MR study reveals gut microbiome links to OA risk. Associations hold after adjusting for medication, indicating a potential causal connection between GM and OA.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"73 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142484378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards an update on the antimicrobial use in Adult Care Units in Brazil: insights from multi-hospital prevalence study.","authors":"Luiz Gustavo Machado, Daiane Silva Resende, Paola Amaral de Campos, Melina Lorraine Ferreira, Iara Rossi, Iolanda Alves Braga, Caio Augusto Martins Aires, Maria Tereza Freitas Tenório, Lícia Ludendorff Queiroz, Vitelhe Ferreira de Almeida, Paulo Pinto Gontijo-Filho, Rosineide Marques Ribas","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001908","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.001908","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> Efforts to understand the burden of antibiotic use in low- and middle-income countries such as Brazil are essential for developing strategies that are effective and appropriate in the context of endemic multidrug-resistant organisms.<b>Aim.</b> This study aims to determine antimicrobial-prescribing practices among patients hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs) for adults in Brazil.<b>Methodology.</b> A 1-day point prevalence multicentre survey was conducted in 58 adult ICUs across the five regions of Brazil. The institutions were categorized according to their type and size. Detailed antimicrobial prescription data were prospectively provided to all patients hospitalized on the day of data collection.<b>Results.</b> A total of 620 patients were included in the study, of whom 63.9% were receiving at least one antimicrobial. Of these, 34.6% were treated for an infection, but only 39.9% of the cases were based on microbiological criteria. Empirical treatment was applied to 72.3% of the patients. Significant differences in antibiotic usage were observed across the different hospitals included in the study. Overall, treatment was most commonly directed towards pneumonia (51.8%) and bloodstream infections (29.6%). Glycopeptides (19.4%) and carbapenems (18.5%) were the most prescribed in teaching hospitals, while in non-teaching hospitals, carbapenems (17.8%) and broad-spectrum cephalosporins (16.8%) were most frequently used.<b>Conclusion.</b> Our study reveals alarming data on antibiotic use in adult ICUs in Brazil, with high frequencies of severe healthcare-associated infections acquired in these units, where patients are frequently subjected to empirical treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"73 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142396390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nicotine promotes pathogenic bacterial growth and biofilm formation in peri-implant.","authors":"Rong Hu, Huifen Qian, Xiangyun Wang, Bei Peng, Dahai Huang","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001897","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.001897","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> Peri-implantitis is a plaque-associated disease that leads to implant loss and arises from bacterial biofilms on the surface of the implant. Smoking is a risk factor for peri-implantitis and impedes treatment effectiveness. Additionally, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), IL-6, and IL-22 levels are related to peri-implantitis.<b>Aim.</b> We aimed to investigate the effects of nicotine on inflammatory response, bacterial growth and biofilm formation.<b>Hypothesis/Gap Statement.</b> We hypothesized that nicotine promoted pathogenic bacterial growth and biofilm formation, thereby aggravating inflammation.<b>Methodology.</b> The expression of AHR, IL-6 and IL-22 was measured in peri-implant sulci fluid using quantitative PCR and Western blot analyses. The cementum was incubated with bacterial suspension including <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>, <i>Streptococcus sanguinis</i> and <i>Fusobacterium nucleatum</i> and treated with 100, 200, 250 and 300 µg ml^-1 nicotine, and then, the absorbance and number of colony-forming units were detected. Biofilm formation was evaluated using the tissue culture plate method and safranin O staining. Carbohydrates and proteins were measured by the phenol-sulfuric acid method and the bicinchoninic acid method, respectively.<b>Results.</b> The results indicated that smoking increased the levels of AHR, IL-6 and IL-22. Functionally, nicotine promoted the growth of <i>P. gingivalis</i>, <i>S. sanguinis</i> and <i>F. nucleatum</i>. Additionally, it promoted the biofilm formation of these bacteria and increased the contents of carbohydrates and proteins.<b>Conclusion.</b> Nicotine promoted bacterial growth and biofilm build-up, suggesting that smoking may aggravate the progression of peri-implantitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"73 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142368060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic epidemiology and resistant genes of <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> clinical strains in Vietnamese hospitals.","authors":"Vu Nhi Ha, Hoang Tran Huy, Trung Nguyen Đac, Phuong Anh Nguyen, Le Duy Cuong","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001922","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.001922","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> is a common cause of multidrug-resistant (MDR) nosocomial infections worldwide, including Vietnam.<b>Hypothesis.</b> Analysis of crucial genetic factors may link to epidemiological characteristics and antibiotic resistance of <i>A. baumannii</i> clinical strains in Vietnamese hospitals.<b>Methodology.</b> Fifty-one <i>A</i>. <i>baumannii</i> clinical strains from six different tertiary hospitals in Vietnam were analysed using whole genome sequencing (WGS), between 2017 and 2019.<b>Results.</b> Eleven sequence types (STs) were identified, including four STs reported for the first time in Vietnam based on the PubMLST database and three new STs not previously documented. ST1336, ST1260 and ST575 were found exclusively in Vietnam. These STs were widely distributed in all hospitals in Vietnam, with ST2 and ST571 being the most dominant. Resistant rates to eight antibiotics, belonging to four antibiotic groups, were very high (72.5-94.1 %) with high MIC values, while resistance to colistin was 29.4%. Fifty-one isolates were identified as MDR, with 100% (51/51) isolates carrying antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) genes, and 52 antibiotic-resistant genes were detected among these strains, including β-lactam (22 genes), chloramphenicol (5 genes), lincosamide (2 genes), aminoglycoside (11 genes), rifampicin (1 gene), quinolone (2 genes), sulfonamide and trimethoprim (4 genes) and tetracycline (5 genes) resistance. The most commonly found mobile structures carried partial or complete transposons: ISaba24/ISEc29/ISEc35 contains a series of antibiotic-resistant genes.<b>Conclusion.</b> The WGS results of the 51 strains of <i>A. baumannii</i> provided important information regarding the distribution of STs and associated antibiotic-resistant genes among <i>A. baumannii</i> strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"73 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11524319/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of GeneXpert MTB/Rif Ultra assay performance on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues for <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> detection.","authors":"Calvin Ka-Fung Lo, Dale Purych, Inna Sekirov, Jaswinder Khattra, Trevor J Hird, Shazia Masud","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001918","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.001918","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We evaluated the Xpert MTB/Rif Ultra assay performance for <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (MTB) detection in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue (FFPET) compared to mycobacterial culture or laboratory-developed MTB PCR test (LDT). FFPET samples with histological features suggestive of tuberculosis from 2018 to 2023 were selected. Five hundred microlitres of tissue lysis buffer was added to FFPET scrolls and incubated at 75 °C for 5 min. After adding 50 µl of proteinase K and overnight incubation at 56 °C, sample aliquots were processed as per the manufacturer's instructions. MTB culture or LDT assay results were used as a reference for sensitivity and specificity calculations. Of 51 eligible FFPET, 32 were positive for MTB either by culture or LDT PCR on FFPET. Xpert MTB/Rif Ultra detected MTB in 23/32 positive specimens [71.9%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 54.6-84.4%]. Of nine discordant specimens, seven were MTB positive by culture and two were identified by LDT MTB PCR only, as no specimen was submitted for MTB culture. Of 19 negative samples, 100% specificity (95% CI 83.2-100.0%) was attained via Xpert MTB/Rif Ultra. Implementation of Xpert MTB/Rif Ultra on FFPET within clinical laboratories is promising, given its improved turnaround time compared to MTB culture and ability to detect MTB in cases where no tissue is available for culture.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"73 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11495408/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142484377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic characterization of <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> harbouring an exogenous resistance gene.","authors":"Emi Tanaka, Takeaki Wajima, Sonoe Hirano, Shoji Seyama, Hidemasa Nakaminami, Kei-Ichi Uchiya","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001904","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.001904","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> Reports of β-lactamase-producing <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> are increasing worldwide.<b>Aim</b>. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular characteristics and evolution of β-lactamase-producing <i>H. influenzae</i>.<b>Methodology.</b> A total of 159 clinical isolates were characterized using multi-locus sequence typing. Antimicrobial resistance genes and integrative and conjugative element (ICE) types were identified through PCR and DNA sequencing. The genetic structure of ICE was further investigated using whole-genome sequencing.<b>Results.</b> Out of 159 clinical isolates, 20.8% (<i>n</i>=33) were β-lactamase producers. Thirteen sequence types (STs) were identified. ST 103, 155, 165 and 388 have been identified in previous studies, suggesting that strains with these STs tend to acquire the β-lactamase gene <i>bla</i> _TEM-1. Among β-lactamase producers, 66.7% (<i>n</i>=22) of <i>bla</i> _TEM-1 were located on ICE. The ICEs could be classified into two groups based on their sequence (types I and II). Among these strains, 2017-Y3 harboured a macrolide resistance gene, <i>mef (A/E)</i>, in ICE. A comparative analysis of the ICE region of this strain and those from other countries suggested that each isolate was derived from ICE type I or II. These regions, including <i>mef (A/E</i>), were similar to those of Tn<i>6822</i>, which is commonly found in <i>Streptococcus</i>.<b>Conclusions.</b> This study revealed several STs associated with the acquisition of β-lactamase genes on ICEs. Additionally, ICE evolution involved the acquisition of exogenous genes. The accumulation of resistance genes in ICE raises concerns regarding the emergence of multidrug-resistant <i>H. influenzae</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"73 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142368059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of simethicone on the bactericidal efficacy of a high-level disinfectant.","authors":"Gregory G Anderson, Katharine Segars, Anastacia M Sanchez, Jon W Weeks, Shanil P Haugen, Ruchi Pandey","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001902","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> Simethicone is an over-the-counter product that is frequently used by clinicians during endoscopic procedures to reduce foaming and improve visualization. Published studies have found simethicone residue on endoscopes after cleaning and disinfecting the devices as per the manufacturer's instructions. Some literature suggests that simethicone residue may reduce disinfection efficacy and increase the risk of patient infections.<b>Gap Statement.</b> However, there appears to be a lack of direct evidence in the literature to either disprove this or correlate simethicone presence with an increased microbial risk.<b>Aim</b>: Research was conducted to evaluate the <i>in vitro</i> impact of simethicone on disinfection efficacy.<b>Methodology.</b> Bacteria were grown in a microtitre plate assay in the presence of a range of simethicone concentrations and then treated with a disinfectant. Bacterial growth was assessed by spotting each microtitre well onto an agar plate.<b>Results.</b> The results demonstrated that, under the conditions tested, simethicone did not reduce the efficacy of Cidex ortho-phthalaldehyde disinfectant, which demonstrated at least a 6-log unit reduction in bacterial viability. Additional experiments showed that direct exposure to 66 mg ml^-1 of simethicone reduced bacterial viability.<b>Conclusion.</b> These results indicate that simethicone may not reduce the bactericidal efficacy of disinfectant during reprocessing, under certain conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"73 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142373942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}