Journal of medical microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Association of gut microbiota with overweight/obesity combined with gestational diabetes mellitus.","authors":"Shanshan Mei, Yisheng Chen, Yan Long, Xueqing Cen, Xueqin Zhao, Xiaoyan Zhang, Jingyi Ye, Xiaoli Gao, Chunyan Zhu","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.002010","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.002010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common complications of pregnancy and negatively affects the health of mothers and infants. The aim of this study was to explore the associations between gut microbiota and the risk of GDM amongst overweight/obese women, and the interaction between gut microbiota dysbiosis and overweight/obesity in pregnant women with GDM.<b>Hypothesis/Gap statement.</b> Previous studies revealed that there may be a link between gut microbiota and GDM and obesity, but these studies have not reported the associations between gut microbiota and the risk of GDM amongst overweight/obese women, whilst the interaction between gut microbiota dysbiosis and overweight/obesity in pregnant women with GDM remains unknown.<b>Aim.</b> Based on a prospective cohort study, we explored the composition of gut microbiota in overweight/obese pregnant women and its association with GDM.<b>Methodology.</b>Participants (n=1820) were enrolled from the Pregnancy Metabolic Disease and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome cohort in Guangzhou, China, between 2019 and 2021. The participants' information and faecal samples were collected, and the relative abundance of faecal microbiota was profiled using 16S rRNA V4 region sequencing. Pregnant women were divided into four groups: non- overweight (NOW)/obese without GDM (OB- NGDM), overweight (OW)/OB- NGDM, NOW/obese with GDM (OB- GDM) and OW/OB- GDM. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis, Spearman's correlation analysis and t- test were performed to estimate the association amongst microbiota, pre- pregnancy BMI and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) glucose levels.<b>Results.</b> <i>Blautia</i>, <i>Anaerostipes</i>, <i>Synergistes</i> (<i>P</i><0.001) and <i>Christensenellaceae_R_7_group</i> (<i>P</i>=0.007) were significantly different between NOW/OB-GDM and OW/OB-GDM groups after adjusting for age. <i>Odoribacter</i>, <i>Anaerostipes</i>, <i>Monoglobus</i>, <i>Romboutsia</i>, <i>Oscillospiraceae__UCG-003</i>, <i>Blautia</i> and <i>Dialister</i>were significantly correlated with both OGTT 1 h (<i>P</i><0.001) and 2 h (<i>P</i><0.05) blood glucose levels, whilst <i>Lactobacillus</i>(<i>P</i><0.001) were significantly correlated with OGTT 2 h blood glucose levels. <i>Synergistes</i>(<i>P</i><0.001) were significantly correlated with OGTT fasting glucose levels, and <i>Megasphaera</i> and <i>Odoribacter</i>(<i>P</i><0.05) were significantly correlated with pre-pregnancy BMI.<b>Conclusions.</b> GDM and OB/OW women was experiencing microbiota dysbiosis, especially the microbial communities related to glucose metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12282309/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144033021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive analysis of human coronavirus antibody responses in ICU and non-ICU COVID-19 patients reveals IgG3 against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as a key biomarker of disease severity.","authors":"Fatma H Ali, Giusy Gentilcore, Hadeel T Al-Jighefee, Sara Ahmad Taleb, Ali Ait Hssain, Hamda A Qotba, Asmaa A Al Thani, Laith J Abu Raddad, Gheyath K Nasrallah, Jean-Charles Grivel, Hadi M Yassine","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.002012","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.002012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> Pre-existing immunity to human coronaviruses (HCoVs) may shape the immune response in COVID-19 patients. Increasing evidence suggests that immune cross-reactivity between SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses may determine clinical prognosis.<b>Hypothesis.</b> SARS-CoV-2 disease severity is influenced by pre-existing immunity to HCoVs, with distinct antibody profiles and cross-reactivity patterns.<b>Aim.</b> To investigate the antibody response of ICU and non-ICU SARS-CoV-2 patients against different HCoV proteins and assess the potential impact of pre-existing immunity on SARS-CoV-2 disease outcomes.<b>Methodology.</b> This study used a comprehensive HCoVs antigen bead array to measure antibody response to pathogenic Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 and the four seasonal HCoVs in 70 ICU and 63 non-ICU COVID-19 patients.<b>Results.</b> Our analysis demonstrates an overall higher antibody response in ICU than in non-ICU COVID-19 patients. Interestingly, the anti-S1 IgG and IgA were significantly higher among ICU than in non-ICU patients. Similarly, the anti-S1 IgG against NL63 showed a lower response among ICU compared to non-ICU. Cross-reactivity was evident between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV antibodies but not with MERS-CoV and seasonal HCoVs. The subclass analysis of antibodies recognizing SARS-CoV-2 revealed that anti-S1 IgG1, IgG3, IgA1 and IgA2 were significantly higher in ICU compared to non-ICU. The predominant IgA subtype among SARS-CoV-2 patients was IgA1. We applied machine learning algorithms to subclass serological responses to build classifiers that could distinguish between ICU patients and patients with milder COVID-19. Out of 90 variables used in two different types of models, the variable of highest influence in determining the ICU status was IgG3 against SARS-CoV-2 S, and the top 8 variables of influence included the presence of IgG3 against S-trimer as well as IgA against SARS-CoV-2 S.<b>Conclusion.</b> Understanding the complexities of humoral immunity in various patients is critical for early medical intervention, disease management, selective vaccination and passive immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12075857/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144038919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expanding the prevalence of <i>Trichophyton indotineae</i>-associated skin infection by transmission from humans to animals.","authors":"Ali Abdul Hussein S Al-Janabi","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.002023","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.002023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infection with <i>Trichophyton indotineae</i> has been considered an important medical issue in recent times due to the rapid ability of this fungus to develop resistance to different antifungals and its widespread distribution across multiple countries. However, increasing cases of antifungal-resistant infections induce changes in the biological activity of fungi, enabling certain dermatophytes such as <i>T. indotineae</i> to infect both animals and humans. This behaviour has certainly had adverse consequences after expanding the host variety of resistant <i>T. indotineae</i>. The virulence of <i>T. indotineae</i> is predicted to increase, resulting in more difficult treatment for both human and animal infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12102496/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144129400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bloodstream infections in a rural hospital in Sierra Leone: a retrospective database study.","authors":"Henning Rottmann, Ioana D Olaru, Emmanuel Marx Kanu, Tom Theiler, Islam M Kargbo, Laura Kalkman, Martin P Grobusch, Frieder Schaumburg","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.002014","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.002014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background.</b> The health system in Sierra Leone has limited infrastructure to provide data on the epidemiology of infectious diseases and to inform clinical decision-making. The diagnostic and research laboratory capacity at Masanga Teaching Hospital was systematically expanded with microbiology infrastructure-building as one of the centrepieces.<b>Objective.</b> This study aims to report the spectrum of bacterial pathogens from bloodstream infections (BSIs) in a rural hospital in Sierra Leone during the first year after the implementation of a blood culture infrastructure and characterize the detected antimicrobial resistances.<b>Patients and methods.</b> Patients treated at Masanga Hospital (Sierra Leone, March 2023-March 2024) were included in this database analysis if they were tested for BSI (BD BACTEC). Demographic and medical data were recorded for each patient. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done following EUCAST clinical guidelines.<b>Results.</b> Of the 340 blood cultures, 34 (10%) were positive for obligate pathogens. The three most frequent pathogens were <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>n</i>=8), followed by <i>Burkholderia cepacia</i> complex (<i>n</i>=7) and <i>Salmonella enterica</i> (<i>n</i>=5). Almost all <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (<i>n</i>=3/3) and <i>E. coli</i> (<i>n</i>=7/8) were resistant to third-generation cephalosporins. All four <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> isolates were methicillin susceptible (<i>mecA</i> negative). Carbapenem resistance was detected in <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> complex (<i>bla</i> _NDM)<b>Conclusion.</b> The proportion of positive blood cultures with obligate pathogens (10%) was within the suggested benchmark (5-15%). Gram-negative bacteria dominated the pathogen spectrum of BSI with high resistance rates to third-generation cephalosporins.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12069813/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144045458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A high-resolution genomic and phenotypic analysis of resistance evolution of an <i>Escherichia coli</i> strain from a critically unwell patient treated with piperacillin/tazobactam.","authors":"Alice J Fraser, Robert Ball, Daire Cantillon, Laura E Brettell, Fabrice E Graf, John T Munnoch, Paul A Hoskisson, Joseph M Lewis, Jon J van Aartsen, Christopher M Parry, Eva Heinz, Thomas Edwards","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.002018","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.002018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> Resistance to the <i>β</i>-lactam/<i>β</i>-lactamase inhibitor (BL/BLI) combination antibiotic piperacillin/tazobactam (TZP) predominantly occurs via <i>β</i>-lactamase enzymes, also leading to resistance to third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs). However, if <i>β</i>-lactamases inactive against 3GCs and inhibited by tazobactam are expressed at high levels, leading to enzyme hyperproduction, the surplus enzyme escapes inhibition by tazobactam and inactivates the antibiotic piperacillin.<b>Hypothesis/Gap statement.</b> Understanding this mechanism is clinically relevant, as enzyme hyperproduction can emerge upon antibiotic administration, resulting in treatment failure despite initial resistance profiles supporting TZP use.<b>Aim.</b> Our aim was to determine whether this was a case of within-patient evolution and by what mechanism or an acquisition of a second unrelated, more resistant, strain.<b>Methodology.</b> Whole-genome sequencing was performed on the isolate to determine the genetic basis of resistance. We also assessed the impact of TZP exposure on the amplification of the <i>bla</i> _TEM-1 gene and monitored the stability of gene copy number over 5 days in the absence of antibiotic pressure. In addition, we determined the MICs of ceftriaxone and TZP, with TZP MIC contextualized in relation to gene copy number and resistance levels.<b>Results.</b> We report the identification of an <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolate that developed resistance to TZP during patient treatment but maintained sensitivity to ceftriaxone. We show that TZP resistance evolved via IS<i>26</i>-mediated duplication of a <i>bla</i> _TEM-1 containing transposable unit on a plasmid, resulting in hyperproduction of TEM-1 <i>β</i>-lactamase, and that ten copies of <i>bla</i> _TEM-1 induce resistance greater than 32 times the MIC. Furthermore, under experimental conditions, exposure to TZP further increases amplification of <i>bla</i> _TEM-1, whereas, in the absence of TZP, gene copy number of IS<i>26</i> and <i>bla</i> _TEM-1 remains stable over 5 days, despite a 48,205 bp genome size increase compared to the pre-amplification isolate. We additionally detect phenotypic changes that might indicate host adaptation potentially linked to the additional genes that are amplified.<b>Conclusion.</b> Our analysis advances the understanding of infections caused by isolates evolving <i>β</i>-lactamase hyperproduction, which represents a complex problem in both detection and treatment. As 40% of antibiotics active against WHO priority pathogens in the pre-clinical pipeline are BL/BLI combinations, further investigations are of urgent concern.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12089661/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144103211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpreting diagnosis outcomes for tuberculosis to timely and reliably predict non-tuberculosis mycobacteria isolation.","authors":"Biyi Su, Haoran Qi, Yaoju Tan, Hairong Huang","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.002009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.002009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> Timely distinguishing non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) from <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> is needed, but it is challenging.<b>Hypothesis.</b> Smear-positive and tuberculosis (TB) molecular-test-negative outcomes could timely and accurately predict NTM existence in the clinical specimen.<b>Methodology.</b> Laboratory outcomes of the smear test and TB molecular test outcomes were evaluated in a high TB and NTM prevalence setting. Additionally, the interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) outcome was scrutinized to assess its supplementary value to the above strategy.<b>Results.</b> The smear-positive/Xpert MTB/RIF (Cepheid, USA) outcomes accurately predicted 91.67% (198/216) of the NTM isolation, while that of smear-positive/Simultaneous Amplification and Testing method (SAT-TB) (Rendu Biotechnology, China) negative outcomes was 84.5% (169/200). Applying these indicators to rule out TB could achieve an accuracy of up to 99.49% (3435/3453). Combining smear-positive, Xpert-negative and SAT-TB-negative outcomes increased the accuracy up to 95%. Adding a negative IGRA outcome to the indicators further increased the accuracy to over 96%, albeit at the cost of losing prediction sensitivity. When evaluating the strategy in NTM isolates, the indicators successfully predicted about 40% of these isolations with over 92% accuracy.<b>Conclusion.</b> A smear-positive/molecular TB test-negative outcome could timely and accurately predict NTM isolation in the given setting. This strategy could predict ~40% of the NTM isolations of the patients on their first day of hospital visit.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12038000/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144012292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drug susceptibility profiles of <i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i> isolated in the state of São Paulo, 2008-2024.","authors":"Carolina Salgado Pedace, Robert D Arbeit, Fernanda Cristina Dos Santos Simeão, Juliana Failde Gallo, Andréia Rodrigues de Souza, Erica Chimara","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.002005","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.002005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> Infections caused by <i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i>, an environmentally prevalent, rapidly growing mycobacteria, are increasingly frequent in developed countries.<b>Objective.</b> To analyse the drug susceptibility profiles of <i>M. abscessus</i> isolated in the state of São Paulo from 2008 to 2024.<b>Methods.</b> Of the 2,402 <i>M</i>. <i>abscessus</i> isolates identified during those 17 years, 558 (23.2%) met the American Thoracic Society's microbiologic and clinical criteria for drug susceptibility testing (DST), which was performed for five agents - clarithromycin, amikacin, cefoxitin, ciprofloxacin, and doxycycline.<b>Results.</b> Clarithromycin showed a dramatic increase in resistance phenotype from ≤10% in the early period to 73-90% over the last 8 years. Over half those isolates demonstrated inducible resistance. Resistance to amikacin was found in fewer than 5% of isolates from 2016 to 2021. In 2022, that result increased to 13%, but for 2023 and 2024, it had fallen back to 2%. Over the past decade, cefoxitin DST has reported the majority of isolates as intermediate, a problematic result in <i>M</i>. <i>abscessus</i> group (MAG) infections, which typically require long-term treatment for successful outcomes. Since 2018, the annual susceptibility rate has been ≤18%, and in five of the 7 years, ≤7%. Ciprofloxacin was typically assessed as susceptible from 2009 to 2011, then decreased sharply to ≤20% over the next several years, and since 2018, the rate has been less than 5%. Through the entire study, doxycycline resistance has remained consistently high; in the years since 2018, ≤6% of isolates have been susceptible.<b>Conclusion.</b> This study demonstrates wide variation among MAG clinical isolates in the frequency of susceptibility, both across different agents and within individual agents over time. These results emphasize the importance of performing high-quality DST on MAG clinical isolates and suggest the need to consider revising the standard panel of drugs tested.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12282310/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144059129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeted 'knock out' therapy with a combination antimicrobial regimen restores treatment options in the management of extensively drug-resistant carbapenemase-producing organisms.","authors":"Saied Ali, Orla Donoghue, Sinead McDermott","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.002007","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.002007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> Cefiderocol (FDC) and the combination of ceftazidime-avibactam and aztreonam (CZA+ATM) are emerging therapeutic options to combat carbapenemase-producing organisms (CPOs) that exhibit resistance due to multiple <i>β</i>-lactamases.<b>Hypothesis/Gap Statement.</b> Molecular diagnostics and specialized antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) are infrequently available in most clinical laboratories, and outputs from reference laboratories are not always timely. Practical methods must be explored to provide meaningful advice to treat infections due to CPOs in real time.<b>Aim.</b> To evaluate the <i>in vitro</i> efficacy of FDC and CZA+ATM against CPOs and to compare colistin (CST) MICs obtained locally with those from the reference laboratory.<b>Methodology.</b> CPOs isolated from 2017 to 2023 inclusive were retrieved. AST for FDC was performed using disc diffusion, CZA and ATM individually by E-tests and the E-test superposition method for the combination CZA+ATM. CST AST was performed locally using the VITEK2 system, and MICs were compared with those attained from the reference laboratory where manual broth microdilution is performed.<b>Results.</b> Fifty-eight CPOs were analysed. OXA-48 was the most frequently detected carbapenemase (37.9%, <i>n</i>=22). Co-existing <i>β</i>-lactamases of Ambler classes A and C were present for 79.3% of CPOs (<i>n</i>=46). Twenty-nine isolates (50%) were found to be susceptible to FDC. Fifty-seven isolates (98.3%) were susceptible to CST according to the VITEK2, compared to 44 of 47 tested isolates (93.6%) by the reference broth microdilution. Essential agreement was found to be 78.7%, and categorical agreement was 91.5% with one major error and three very major errors (VMEs) reported. CZA+ATM was tested against 26 CPOs, all of which harboured metallo-<i>β</i>-lactamases. Synergy was detected for all except one isolate where additivity was noted. Of the 32 isolates where combination therapy was not assessed, 29 (90.6%) possessed serine-<i>β</i>-lactamases and were susceptible to CZA monotherapy, whilst three (9.4%) possessed an isolated metallo-<i>β</i>-lactamase and were susceptible to ATM monotherapy.<b>Conclusions.</b> FDC appears to perform favourably against CPOs harbouring serine-<i>β</i>-lactamases, but not metallo-<i>β</i>-lactamases. The VITEK2 may provide presumptive categorical information for CST susceptibility, but MICs must be confirmed by broth microdilution as VMEs can lead to treatment failures. Moreover, our study confirms potent <i>in vitro</i> activity of CZA+ATM against CPOs expressing multiple <i>β</i>-lactamases.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12282250/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144061427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative genomic analysis of paired clinical isolates from a patient with recurrent melioidosis reveals a low within-host mutation rate.","authors":"Sruthi Raj, Sreeram Chandra Murthy Peela, Hithesh Kumar, Sudha Ramaiah, Sujatha Sistla","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.002003","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.002003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> Relapse of melioidosis is not uncommon and can occur due to shorter oral antibiotic therapy in the first episode. In such isolates, low mutation rates were identified amongst paired clinical isolates during relapse, but large-scale structural variants were also common.<b>Hypothesis.</b> Using pair-wise comparison, a low number of mutations, especially amongst the virulence and antibiotic resistance genes, may be present amongst the paired isolates obtained during the study period.<b>Aim.</b> A pair of clinical isolates obtained from a patient with recurrent melioidosis during the study period (January 2018 to June 2021) was analysed for identifying the genomic relatedness and DNA changes that may have caused the relapse.<b>Methodology.</b> Using paired-end Illumina sequencing, following appropriate data quality checks, the genomes were assembled using Shovill pipeline, whilst the variants were called using Snippy. Structural variants were detected using TIDDIT, and functional associations were identified using the STRING database searches.<b>Results.</b> One of the isolates (from the second episode) had a highly fragmented genome, but very few structural variants and SNPs were identified. Both the isolates had similar virulence and antibiotic resistance genes; however, owing to the few structural changes, a slightly lower number of virulence genes were observed. Together, they shared 99.8% of the proteomes, and most variants identified spanned either hypothetical proteins or un-annotated regions.<b>Conclusions.</b> Based on comprehensive genome analysis the two strains were genetically similar, with a few structural variants, implying the second episode to be a relapse rather than a re-infection. There was no difference in the antibiotic resistance or virulence genes that may have explained the relapse.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12282283/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144036089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Mycoplasma genitalium</i> molecular typing in men with non-gonococcal urethritis discriminates between phylogenetic clusters based on sexual preference and antibiotic resistance.","authors":"Nikki Adriaens, Fenna M Bouwman, Sylvia M Bruisten, Clarissa E Vergunst, Alje P van Dam, Tessa A Doelman, Brenda M Westerhuis","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001999","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> <i>Mycoplasma genitalium</i> is a sexually transmitted bacterium associated with non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) in men. The rising macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance in <i>M. genitalium</i> has become a public health concern, requiring close surveillance.<b>Gap statement.</b> <i>MgpB/MG309</i> typing is commonly used to study genotype distribution and resistance patterns of <i>M. genitalium</i> in men who have sex with men (MSM); however, data for men who have sex with women (MSW) are limited.<b>Aim.</b> The aim of this study was to explore the epidemiology of <i>M. genitalium</i> based on <i>mgpB</i>/<i>MG309</i> molecular typing in isolates from men diagnosed with NGU, comparing MSM and MSW. Additionally, antibiotic resistance was evaluated to assess associations between the <i>mgpB/MG309</i> genotypes, antimicrobial resistance profiles, and epidemiological determinants.<b>Methodology.</b> A subset of previously collected <i>M. genitalium</i> isolates from men diagnosed with NGU in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, between May 2018 and November 2019 was analysed. Molecular typing was performed by sequencing relevant regions of the <i>mgpB</i> and <i>MG309</i> loci. Macrolide resistance was assessed by detecting mutations in the 23S rRNA gene via quantitative polymerase chain reaction, while fluoroquinolone resistance was determined through sequencing <i>parC</i> and <i>gyrA</i>.<b>Results.</b> A total of 62 <i>M</i>. <i>genitalium</i> samples were analysed from 33 MSM and 29 MSW. The overall macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance was 75.8% and 24.2 %, respectively. At the <i>mgpB</i> locus, 24 sequence types (STs) were identified, with ST4 most prevalent in MSM and ST2 in MSW. The <i>MG309</i> locus revealed 12 distinct short tandem repeat numbers, with repeat 10 being most common in both groups. Phylogenetic analysis based on <i>mgpB</i> sequences revealed two clusters: cluster A included significantly more MSW, whereas cluster B predominantly comprised MSM (<i>P</i><0.001). Macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance was significantly higher in cluster B compared with cluster A (<i>P</i><0.01 and <i>P</i><0.05, respectively).<b>Conclusion.</b> Molecular typing of <i>M. genitalium</i> revealed two clusters that differed by sexual preference and antibiotic resistance, highlighting the importance of surveillance of resistance across genotypes. The findings suggest multiclonal spread of resistance through independent mutations. Future studies using next-generation sequencing are needed to further explore the links between sexual transmission and genetic diversity in <i>M. genitalium</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12032421/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144047404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}