Journal of medical microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Genotypic analysis of Shiga toxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> clonal complex 17 in England and Wales, 2014-2022.","authors":"Ching-Ying J Poh, Ella V Rodwell, Gauri Godbole, Claire Jenkins","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001928","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.001928","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> Shiga toxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (STEC) are zoonotic, gastrointestinal pathogens characterized by the presence of the Shiga toxin (<i>stx</i>) gene. Historically, STEC O157:H7 clonal complex (CC) 11 has been the most clinically significant serotype; however, recently there has been an increase in non-O157 STEC serotypes, including STEC O103:H2 belonging to CC17.<b>Gap statement.</b> STEC O103:H2 is an STEC serotype frequently isolated in England, although little is known about the epidemiology, clinical significance, associated public health burden or evolutionary context of this strain.<b>Aim.</b> Surveillance data and whole-genome sequencing data were analysed to determine the microbiological characteristics and public health burden of CC17, including the clinically significant serotype O103:H2, in England and Wales.<b>Methodology.</b> Isolates of <i>E. coli</i> belonging to CC17 (<i>n</i>=425) submitted to the Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit from 2014 to 2022 were whole genome sequenced, integrated with enhanced surveillance questionnaire data and analysed retrospectively.<b>Results.</b> Overall, diagnoses of CC17 infection increased every year since 2014. Most cases were female (58.5%), with the highest proportion of cases belonging to the 0-4 age group (<i>n</i>=83/424, 19.6%). Clinical presentation data identified diarrhoea (92.1%), abdominal pain (72.4%) and blood in stool (55.3%) as the most frequent symptoms, while 20.4% cases were admitted to hospital and 1.3% developed haemolytic uraemic syndrome. The five most common established serotypes were O103:H2 (64.5%), O123:H2 (11.1%), O151:H2 (6.6%), O71:H2 (3.3%) and O4:H2 (2.6%). The majority of CC17 isolates (78.6%) had the <i>stx1a/eae</i> virulence gene combination. Nine outbreak clusters of STEC infections that were mainly geographically dispersed and temporally related were identified and associated with foodborne transmission.<b>Conclusions.</b> Nationwide implementation of PCR to detect non-O157 STEC and improvements to algorithms for the follow-up of PCR-positive faecal specimens is recommended. Enhanced surveillance is necessary to assess the incidence of CC17 infection and overall burden of this CC within the UK population.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"73 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11542628/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commercial molecular diagnostic methods in infectious diseases: keeping up with the pathogens.","authors":"Emily J Goldstein, Catherine Moore, Tanya Curran, Rory N Gunson","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001923","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"73 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142635122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macrolide resistance is pervasive in oral streptococci in the Belgian general population: a cross-sectional survey.","authors":"Zoë Vanhout, Saïd Abdellati, Zina Gestels, Irith De Baetselier, Tessa de Block, Thibaut Vanbaelen, Sheeba Santhini Manoharan-Basil, Chris Kenyon","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001932","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background.</b> Commensal streptococci are common inhabitants of the oral microbiome and regulate its structure and function in beneficial ways for human health. They can, however, also be opportunistic pathogens and act as a reservoir of resistance genes that can be passed on to other bacteria, including pathogens. Little is known about the prevalence of these commensals in parents and their children and their antimicrobial susceptibilities in the Belgian general population.<b>Gap Statement.</b> The macrolide susceptibility of commensal oral Streptococci in Belgium is unknown.<b>Methods.</b> We assessed the prevalence and azithromycin susceptibility of commensal streptococcal species in the parents (<i>n</i>=38) and children (<i>n</i>=50) of 35 families in Belgium.<b>Results.</b> The most frequently detected taxonomic grouping was <i>Streptococcus mitis/oralis</i>, which was detected in 78/181 (43.1%) of the children's isolates and 66/128 (51.6%) of the parents' isolates. Of the 311 isolates collected in this study, 282 isolates (90.7%) had an azithromycin MIC value greater than the breakpoint of 0.25 mg l^-1 and 146 isolates (46.9%) had azithromycin MICs greater than 2 mg l^-1. There was no difference in the azithromycin MIC distribution of all streptococcal isolates between children and parents. All individuals were colonized by streptococci with azithromycin MICs greater than 0.25 mg l^-1, and 87.5% of individuals had streptococci with MICs greater than 2 mg l^-1.<b>Interpretation.</b> The most prevalent species identified in both age groups was <i>S. mitis/oralis</i>. All individuals harboured streptococci with macrolide resistance. This highlights the need for additional antimicrobial stewardship initiatives to reduce the consumption of macrolides in the general population.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"73 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142635139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knocking Out Antimicrobial Resistance editorial: reflections on the United Nations General Assembly high-level meeting on antimicrobial resistance.","authors":"Catrin E Moore, Lovleen Tina Joshi","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001937","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.001937","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"73 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11571957/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> co-cultured with oral cancer cells exhibits higher virulence and promotes cancer cell survival, proliferation, and migration: an <i>in vitro</i> study.","authors":"Fida Fathima, Yuvarajan Subramaniyan, Akshatha Rai, Punchappady Devasya Rekha","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001931","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> is a common pathogen associated with many oral diseases and is often isolated from oral cancer patients. However, limited information is available on its key virulence gene expression in oral cancer cell microenvironment and cancer cell behaviour in co-culture studies.<b>Hypothesis.</b> <i>E. faecalis</i> overexpresses virulence genes when co-cultured with oral cancer cells and possibly alters the tumour microenvironment, promoting oral cancer proliferation and survival.<b>Aim.</b> To investigate altered virulence gene expression in <i>E. faecalis</i> and oral cancer cell behaviour using <i>in vitro</i> co-culture experiments.<b>Methodology.</b> Cal27 cells were co-cultured with <i>E. faecalis</i> and assessed for their cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and clonogenicity using standard cell culture assays. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory cytokines, along with proliferative, angiogenic and apoptotic biomarker expressions, were also assessed. <i>E. faecalis</i> adherence to cancer cells was demonstrated by the gentamicin protection assay. Real time-PCR was used to analyse the expression of virulence genes.<b>Results.</b> Co-culture of Cal27 cells with <i>E. faecalis</i> showed significantly higher cell proliferation, migration and clonogenicity compared to the control (<i>P</i><0.01). A significant increase in the levels of ROS and inflammatory cytokines and overexpression of Ki67, vascular endothelial growth factor, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, phosphoinositide 3 kinase and Akt was observed in the co-culture group. <i>E. faecalis</i> also downregulated <i>p53</i> and <i>Bax</i> genes while upregulated <i>Bcl-2</i>. The virulence genes <i>GelE</i>, <i>Asa</i> and <i>Ace</i> were overexpressed in <i>E. faecalis</i> co-cultured with Cal27 cells.<b>Conclusion.</b> The results from this study indicate the possible risks of <i>E. faecalis</i> infection in oral cancer. An effective antibiotic strategy against <i>E. faecalis</i> to prevent complications associated with oral diseases, including cancer, is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"73 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142712233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-site analysis of biosynthetic gene clusters from the periodontitis oral microbiome.","authors":"Mohamad Koohi-Moghadam, Rory M Watt, W Keung Leung","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001898","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background.</b> Bacteria significantly influence human health and disease, with bacterial biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) being crucial in the microbiome-host and microbe-microbe interactions.<b>Gap statement.</b> Despite extensive research into BGCs within the human gut microbiome, their roles in the oral microbiome are less understood.<b>Aim.</b> This pilot study utilizes high-throughput shotgun metagenomic sequencing to examine the oral microbiota in different niches, particularly focusing on the association of BGCs with periodontitis.<b>Methodology.</b> We analysed saliva, subgingival plaque and supragingival plaque samples from periodontitis patients (<i>n</i>=23) and controls (<i>n</i>=16). DNA was extracted from these samples using standardized protocols. The high-throughput shotgun metagenomic sequencing was then performed to obtain comprehensive genetic information from the microbial communities present in the samples.<b>Results.</b> Our study identified 10 742 BGCs, with certain clusters being niche-specific. Notably, aryl polyenes and bacteriocins were the most prevalent BGCs identified. We discovered several 'novel' BGCs that are widely represented across various bacterial phyla and identified BGCs that had different distributions between periodontitis and control subjects. Our systematic approach unveiled the previously unexplored biosynthetic pathways that may be key players in periodontitis.<b>Conclusions.</b> Our research expands the current metagenomic knowledge of the oral microbiota in both healthy and periodontally diseased states. These findings highlight the presence of novel biosynthetic pathways in the oral cavity and suggest a complex network of host-microbe and microbe-microbe interactions, potentially influencing periodontal disease. The BGCs identified in this study pave the way for future investigations into the role of small-molecule-mediated interactions within the human oral microbiota and their impact on periodontitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"73 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142396379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole-genome sequencing of <i>Streptococcus uberis</i> isolated from cows with mastitis in Thuringia.","authors":"Christine Thomas, Jörg Linde, Hosny El-Adawy, Nadine Wedlich, Katja Hruschka, Esra Einax, Karsten Donat, Christian Berens, Herbert Tomaso","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001887","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> <i>Streptococcus uberis</i> is a common cause of mastitis in cattle, leading to significant economic losses. The widespread use of antimicrobials has contributed to the emergence of resistance, which poses a severe challenge in controlling <i>S. uberis</i> infection.<b>Aim.</b> The objective of this study was to gain insights into the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and epidemiological typing of <i>S. uberis</i> isolated from milk collected from bovine mastitis on dairy farms in Thuringia.<b>Methodology.</b> In this study, 84 <i>S. uberis</i> isolates were obtained from cattle with clinical mastitis in Thuringia, their phenotypic and genotypic AMR were analyzed and their phylogenetic relationship was explored using whole-genome sequencing.<b>Results.</b> Genetically heterogeneous strains were found on the farms, but clusters of highly similar strains also circulated within the same farms. All isolates were sensitive to ampicillin, penicillin, ceftiofur, and vancomycin. However, 42.9%, 42.9%, 22.6%, 19.0%, and 13.0% were resistant to tetracycline, doxycycline, clindamycin, pirlimycin, and erythromycin, respectively. Thirty-nine strains were phenotypically resistant to two or more tested antibiotics. We identified a plasmid associated with macrolide and lincosamide resistance in 12% of the strains.<b>Conclusion.</b> The emergence of <i>S. uberis</i> strains resistant to multiple antibiotics highlights the importance of <i>S. uberis</i> surveillance and the prudent use of antimicrobials.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"73 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142484393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i>: not a typical respiratory pathogen.","authors":"Richard S Rowlands, Patrick M Meyer Sauteur, Michael L Beeton, On Behalf Of The Escmid Study Group For Mycoplasma And Chlamydia Infections Esgmac","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001910","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.001910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> is a leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia among school-aged children and young adults. Infections occur throughout the year but tend to surge during winter months across Europe. A characteristic epidemic cycle, where a substantial surge in the number of infections occurs, is seen approximately every 1-4 years and hypothesized to be driven by changes in immunity and a shift in circulating variants. Once thought to be an organism of low virulence, it has now been found to possess several virulence factors, including toxin production, biofilm formation and evasion of antibody-mediated immunity. The lack of a cell wall and reduced metabolic pathways limit the options for antibiotic treatment. Acquired macrolide resistance is a growing concern, with >80% of cases in China being macrolide-resistant. Although efforts have been made to develop a vaccine, there are still substantial hurdles to overcome in relation to vaccine-enhanced disease, which results from an inappropriate immune response among vaccinated individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"73 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11523975/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An investigation of scattered light integrating collector technology for rapid blood culture sensitivity testing.","authors":"L White, R Hammond, R J Shorten, J P Derrick","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001896","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.001896","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> Sepsis rates are increasing, with Gram-negative organisms representing a large proportion of bloodstream infections. Rapid antibiotic administration, alongside diagnostic investigations, is required for the effective management of these patients.<b>Gap statement.</b> Current diagnostics take ~48 h for a final report; therefore, rapid diagnostics are required.<b>Aim.</b> This study investigated a novel antibiotic sensitivity method, the scattered light integrating collector (SLIC), combined with a rapid identification method using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) technology to determine if an accurate identification and susceptibility result can be provided within 4 h of a positive blood culture report.<b>Methodology.</b> A total of 47 blood cultures containing Gram-negative bacteria from 46 patients were processed using the MALDI-TOF Biotyper Sepsityper for identification directly from the blood and the SLIC instrument for susceptibility testing. All organisms were also tested using the current standard workflow used in the host laboratory. Categorical agreement (CA), major errors (MaEs) and very major errors (VMEs) were determined.<b>Results.</b> SLIC produced susceptibility results with a 71.9% CA, 30.6% MaE and 17.5% VME. The median difference in time to the final result was 44.14 (43 : 05-45 : 15) h earlier compared to the current method.<b>Conclusion.</b> We conclude that SLIC was unable to consistently provide sufficiently accurate antibiotic susceptibility results compared to the current standard method.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"73 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11448337/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142368058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rapid visualization method for detecting rotavirus A by combining nuclear acid sequence-based amplification with the CRISPR-Cas12a assay.","authors":"Yue Chen, Junhua Wu, E-Bin Gao, Yanbo Lu, Haiyan Qiu","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001892","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.001892","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> Rotavirus A is the most common pathogen causing diarrhoea in children less than 5 years, leading to severe complications such as dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, acidosis, myocarditis, convulsions, pneumonia, and other life-threatening conditions.<b>Gap statement.</b> There is an urgent need for a rapid and efficient nucleic acid detection strategy to enable early diagnosis and treatment, preventing rotavirus transmission and associated complications.<b>Aim.</b> This article aimed to develop a nuclear acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA)-Cas12a system for detecting rotavirus A using fluorescence intensity or lateral flow strips.<b>Methodology.</b> The NASBA technology was combined with the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas12a system to establish a NASBA-Cas12a system for detecting rotavirus A.<b>Results.</b> The NASBA-Cas12a system could detect rotavirus A at 37 ℃ within 70 min and had no cross-reactivity with other viruses, achieving a limit of detection of 1.2 copies μl^-1. This system demonstrated a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 90%, positive predictive value of 97.22% and negative predictive value of 100%. The kappa value was 0.933, indicating that the NASBA-Cas12a system was highly consistent with reverse transcription-PCR.<b>Conclusion.</b> The NASBA-Cas12a system exhibited high sensitivity and specificity for detecting rotavirus A, showing great potential for clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"73 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11448473/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142368056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}