Journal of medical microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Antifungal activity of 2-adamantylamine hydrochloride on <i>Candida albicans</i> and <i>Candida parapsilosis</i>.","authors":"Tanjila C Gavandi, Sayali A Chougule, Shivani B Patil, Sargun T Basrani, S Mohan Karuppayil, Ashwini K Jadhav","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001943","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> Increased virulence and drug resistance in species of <i>Candida</i> resulted in reduced disease control and further demand the development of potent antifungal drugs.<b>Hypothesis.</b> The repurposing of non-antifungal drugs and combination therapy has become an attractive alternative to counter the emerging drug resistance and toxicity of existing antifungal drugs against <i>Candida albicans</i> and non-albicans species.<b>Aim.</b> This study aimed to accelerate antifungal drug development process by drug repurposing approach.<b>Methodology.</b> In this study, the antifungal effects of the antiviral drug, 2-adamantylamine hydrochloride (2-AM), were explored against <i>C. albicans</i> and <i>C. parapsilosis</i>. Broth microdilution measured <i>in vitro</i> efficacy of 2-AM, whereas reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and ergosterol quantification, cell cycle and phosphatidylserine externalization studies were detailed to investigate the antifungal mode of 2-AM action.<b>Results.</b> Results showed that 2-AM had fungicidal action against both the strains where, 2-AM further inhibited morphogenic transitions as well. Antibiofilm action of 2-AM on <i>C. albicans</i> was evidenced on urinary catheters. G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis indicated ROS induced antifungal effect of 2-AM on both strains.<b>Conclusions.</b> Results of <i>in vitro</i> studies offers insight into the antifungal activity of 2-AM and may serve as an effective antifungal repurposed candidate against <i>C. albicans</i> and <i>C. parapsilosis</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and efficacy of lamivudine/dolutegravir vs. bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in antiretroviral-naive adults with HIV-1 infection in Shanghai, China: a single-centre retrospective study.","authors":"Junyang Yang, Lin Wang, Xiaoran Zhang, Li Liu, Yinzhong Shen, Tangkai Qi, Zhenyan Wang, Wei Song, Yang Tang, Shuibao Xu, Jianjun Sun, Youming Chen, Yihong Shen, Jun Chen, Renfang Zhang","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001949","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> Lamivudine plus dolutegravir (3TC/DTG) and bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF) regimens are commonly used as first-line treatments for people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH) worldwide.<b>Gap Statement.</b> There are limited comparative data on the antiviral activity and safety between these regimens in ART-naive PLWH, particularly in China, where the 3TC/DTG regimen was integrated into first-line therapy in 2021 and gained broader adoption after its inclusion in the National Health Insurance in 2022.<b>Aims.</b> This study aims to provide real-world evidence comparing the 3TC/DTG regimen to the B/F/TAF regimen in ART-naive PLWH in China.<b>Methodology.</b> This retrospective study enrolled PLWH initiating ART with either 3TC/DTG or B/F/TAF in Shanghai from January 2020 to January 2023. Demographic characteristics and clinical information were collected and compared for each patient.<b>Results.</b> A total of 380 eligible, ART-naive PLWH were included, with 190 patients in the 3TC/DTG group and 190 patients in the B/F/TAF group. Following the initiation of ART, most patients (94.1 and 89.3% for 3TC/DTG and B/F/TAF groups, respectively) achieved viral suppression (<50 copies of HIV RNA per millilitre) at week 24. The CD4 cell count significantly increased from a baseline of 301.3±185.8 cells per microlitre to 479.5±229.3 cells per microlitre at week 36 for the 3TC/DTG group and from 289.2±188.8 cells per microlitre at baseline to 487.8±234.2 cells per microlitre at week 36 for the B/F/TAF group. Both groups experienced an increase in blood lipid levels after initiating ART, with higher levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) observed in the 3TC/DTG group compared with the B/F/TAF group. Renal and hepatic function indicators remained stable in both groups.<b>Conclusions.</b> 3TC/DTG demonstrates similar antiviral efficacy to B/F/TAF and does not significantly impact liver and kidney functions. Patients receiving 3TC/DTG showed higher plasma HDL-C levels compared with those on B/F/TAF, which confer long-term clinical benefits in reducing cardiovascular risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143056172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress in the investigation of the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio as a potential pathogenic factor in ulcerative colitis.","authors":"Yu Yin, Tiezheng Yang, Ziyue Tian, Chong Shi, Chengqiu Yan, Hui Li, Yu Du, Guofeng Li","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001966","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that presents significant challenges in terms of treatment owing to a pronounced likelihood of recurrence and an elevated risk of cancer development, thereby imposing substantial risks on affected individuals. The gut microbiota of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes (F/B) can affect diseases associated with IBD, which is also a risk factor for breast cancer. This review discusses the hazards associated with UC, highlights the existing disparities in UC-associated gut microbiome research, explores the concept of the F/B ratio and scrutinizes its correlation with UC. Moreover, the differences in the F/B ratios between healthy individuals and those with UC were thoroughly examined. These findings suggest that an elevated F/B ratio may promote the occurrence and progression of UC. Consequently, the F/B ratio may play a significant role in UC by influencing gut microbiota composition and inflammatory responses, suggesting that future research should focus on this ratio as a potential biomarker for disease progression and therapeutic targets in managing UC.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143070367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnicity-matched case-control study reveals significant gut microbiota differences in Malaysian adults with type 2 diabetes.","authors":"Geetha Letchumanan, Muhamad Marlini, Nizam Baharom, Blair Lawley, Fathima Begum Syed Mohideen, Sathya Rao Jogulu, Faizul Helmi Addnan, Mohd Manzor Nur Fariha, Mohd Rahman Omar, Siva Gowri Pathmanathan","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001963","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major global health issue projected to exceed 700 million cases by 2045. In Malaysia, T2DM prevalence has risen, with notable ethnic disparities.<b>Gap statement.</b> The gut microbiota's role in T2DM pathogenesis is well recognized, yet its composition in Malaysia's ethnically diverse population remains underexplored.<b>Aim.</b> This study aimed to characterize gut microbiota composition among T2DM and ethnicity-matched adults without diabetes (nonDM) in Malaysia.<b>Methodology.</b> A case-control study was conducted with 45 T2DM and 45 nonDM participants matched by ethnicity from a primary care clinic in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Faecal DNA was subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing to identify microbiota diversity and composition differences and compare predicted functional capabilities. Correlations between bacterial taxa, clinical characteristics and dietary intake were analysed.<b>Results.</b> T2DM participants showed decreased alpha diversity (observed, <i>P</i>-value=0.002, <i>r</i>=0.69; Shannon, <i>P</i>-value<0.001, <i>r</i>=0.73) and significant differences in beta diversity (permutational multivariate ANOVA, <i>R</i>²=0.036, <i>P</i>-value=0.001). Linear discriminant analysis effect size and multiple regression analysis, adjusted for covariates age, gender, BMI and intakes of protein, fat, carbohydrate and fibre, identified the phylum <i>Proteobacteria</i> and genera <i>Escherichia-Shigella</i> to be increased, while the genera <i>Anaerostipes</i> and <i>Romboutsia</i> decreased in T2DM. These bacteria were associated with various clinical characteristics and dietary intake. However, these 'potential biomarkers' were not uniformly present across all participants, suggesting that individual bacterial taxa may not serve as universal biomarkers.<b>Conclusion.</b> Significant gut microbiota differences exist between T2DM and nonDM individuals in Malaysia, indicating a dysbiosis characterized by increased pro-inflammatory bacteria and reduced short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria in T2DM. While these findings highlight the potential functional relevance of gut microbiota in T2DM pathogenesis, addressing limitations such as participant matching for confounding factors in future studies could uncover additional significant differences in microbiota composition. Furthermore, the variability in taxa prevalence across individuals suggests that targeting microbial metabolic products may offer more promising strategies to inform microbiota-targeted interventions than relying solely on specific bacterial taxa as biomarkers.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143070347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Import of global high-risk clones is the primary driver of carbapenemase-producing <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> in Norway.","authors":"Bjørg Christina Haldorsen, Ørjan Samuelsen, Jessin Janice, Miriam Sare, Mari Molvik, Arnfinn Sundsfjord, The Norwegian Study Group On Cp-Pa, Torunn Pedersen","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001944","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.001944","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> Infections by carbapenemase-producing <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (CP-Pa) are concerning due to limited treatment options. The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) high-risk clones is an essential driver in the global rise of CP-Pa.<b>Hypothesis/Gap Statement.</b> Insights into the molecular epidemiology of CP-Pa are crucial to understanding its clinical and public health impact. Despite the low incidence of infections in Norway, global spread requires an understanding of regional dissemination patterns.<b>Aim.</b> This study aimed to investigate the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of CP-Pa isolates in Norway and molecular epidemiology by utilizing available metadata.<b>Methodology.</b> The study collection comprised all verified CP-Pa isolated in Norway from 2006 to 2022 (<i>n</i>=67) obtained from clinical (75%; <i>n</i>=50) or screening samples (22%; <i>n</i>=15) or had no available information (3%; <i>n</i>=2). Phenotypic analyses included antimicrobial susceptibility testing against clinically relevant antipseudomonal antibiotics and comparative testing for carbapenemase production using three different methods (<i>β</i>-CARBA, IMI/IMD gradient test and Coris O.K.N.V.I RESIST-5). Whole-genome sequencing was performed to identify virulence factors, resistance determinants and genomic relatedness.<b>Results.</b> The isolates were categorized as MDR (<i>n</i>=39) encoding Verona integron-encoded metallo-<i>β</i>-lactamase (VIM) (<i>n</i>=28), New Delhi metallo-<i>β</i>-lactamase (NDM) (<i>n</i>=6), imipenemase metallo-<i>β</i>-lactamase (IMP) (<i>n</i>=4) or Guiana extended spectrum metallo-<i>β</i>-lactamase (<i>n</i>=1) carbapenemases or extensively drug-resistant (XDR; <i>n=</i>28) encoding VIM (<i>n</i>=11), NDM (<i>n</i>=9) or IMP (<i>n</i>=8) carbapenemases. CP-Pa numbers ranged from 1 to 7 annually, peaking at 17 in 2022. Most isolates (<i>n</i>=64) were associated with international travel or hospitalization abroad. Phylogenetic analyses identified nine clusters of closely related genomes, with one suspected case of domestic patient-to-patient transmission. Among 21 detected sequence types, several were global high-risk clones, including ST235 (<i>n</i>=12), ST111 (<i>n</i>=9), ST773 (<i>n</i>=9), ST253 (<i>n</i>=3), ST357 (<i>n</i>=3), ST395 (<i>n</i>=3), ST823 (<i>n</i>=3), ST233 (<i>n</i>=2), ST654 (<i>n</i>=2), ST260 (<i>n</i>=1) and ST308 (<i>n</i>=1), covering 72% of the Norwegian isolates. ST1047 (IMP-1) and ST773 (NDM-1) were associated with Ukrainian war victims. Carbapenemase detection rates for phenotypic tests were 88% (<i>β</i>-CARBA), 91% (IMI/IMD) and 94% (Coris) in our collection.<b>Conclusion.</b> The study highlights the low incidence yet high genomic diversity of CP-Pa in Norway and the dominance of high-risk clones linked to imports, contributing to the high proportion of XDR.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142933864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"8-Hydroxyquinoline derivative as a promising antifungal agent to combat ocular fungal infections.","authors":"Paula Reginatto, Angélica Rocha Joaquim, Mário Littieri Teixeira, Saulo Fernandes de Andrade, Alexandre Meneghello Fuentefria","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001952","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> Ocular fungal infections are pathologies of slow progression, occurring mainly in the cornea, but can also affect the entire structure of the eyeball. The main aetiological agents are species of the genera <i>Candida</i> and <i>Fusarium</i>. Both diagnosis and treatment require speed and effectiveness. However, the currently available therapy basically consists of the use of azoles and polyenes, known for their low penetration into the ocular tissue and the associated toxicity.<b>Hypothesis.</b> Thus, new strategies to combat these infections are needed, such as the development of new antifungals or the use of associations.<b>Aim.</b> Thus, the compound PH151, derived from a promising class of 8-hydroxyquinolines, and natamycin, amphotericin B (AMB) and voriconazole (VRC), the main antifungals used in ocular antifungal therapy, were considered against <i>Candida</i> spp. and <i>Fusarium</i> spp.<b>Methodology.</b> The MICs of compound PH151 ranged from 1.0 to 16.0 µg ml^-1, according to CLSI protocols.<b>Results.</b> The association of PH151 with AMB and VRC showed a synergistic effect for more than 50% of the strains tested.<b>Conclusion.</b> Both the compound alone and its association (VRC-AMB-PH151) demonstrated promising potential as an antifungal agent in ocular infections, since the evaluated ocular toxicity profile was positive and the compounds presented low toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142960775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modified multiplex PCR for serotyping and pathotyping of <i>Streptococcus suis</i>.","authors":"Rujirat Hatrongjit, Kulsatri Sittichottumrong, Parichart Boueroy, Peechanika Chopjitt, Marcelo Gottschalk, Suphachai Nuanualsuwan, Anusak Kerdsin","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001950","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> <i>Streptococcus suis</i> is a zoonotic pathogen that causes invasive infections in humans who have been in close contact with infected pigs or contaminated pork-derived products. There is currently no consensus on the universal virulence factors or markers that can differentiate pathogenic from non-pathogenic or commensal <i>S. suis</i> isolates.<b>Gap statement.</b> A diagnostic tool for serotyping and pathotyping of <i>S. suis</i> is required for active public health surveillance and the One-Health approach.<b>Aim.</b> To improve the former multiplex PCR to serotyping all 29 recognized 'true' serotypes and distinguish pathogenic pathotypes using primers targeting the capsule and <i>ROK</i> pathogenic marker genes.<b>Methodology.</b> Four sets of multiplex PCRs were modified and improved to detect all 29 recognized serotypes of <i>S. suis</i> and distinguish their pathogenic pathotypes using the <i>ROK</i> gene.<b>Results.</b> This multiplex PCR allowed for the simultaneous amplification of <i>S. suis</i>-specific, serotype-specific and pathogenic pathotypes from the DNA of each serotype in each reaction. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the pathogenic <i>ROK</i> marker genes were 84.7% (625/738), 96.4% (423/439), 67.6% (202/299), 81.4% (423/520) and 92.7% (202/218), respectively. There was a significant (<i>P</i>-value <0.001), high positive likelihood ratio [2.9 with 2.5-3.5 of 95% confidence interval (CI)] and a significant odds ratio (55.1 with 31.6-95.9 of 95 % CI), which indicated that the <i>ROK</i> gene could be used as the pathogenic pathotype marker. No cross-reactions were observed with other bacterial species.<b>Conclusion.</b> This modified multiplex PCR was able to distinguish 29 well-known serotypes and predicted the pathogenic pathotypes of <i>S. suis</i> isolates from humans and pigs in a single assay. It is useful for One-Health surveillance of human and pig isolates of <i>S. suis</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142960777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered gut microbial profiles in drug-treated rats with alcoholic heart disease.","authors":"Siang Wei, Yan Feng, Ai Meng, Zhiwen Ding, Wenji Lin","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001930","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> Alcohol abuse can lead to significant cardiac injury, resulting in Alcoholic heart disease (AHD). The interplay between cardiac health and gut microbiota composition in the context of alcohol consumption is not well understood.<b>Hypothesis.</b> Shen Song Yang Xin (SSYX) capsule and amiodarone are common drugs used to treat alcoholic heart disease, but little is known about their microbial regulatory mechanisms in alcoholic heart disease.<b>Aim.</b> To investigate the effects of SSYX and amiodarone on cardiac injury and gut microbiota composition in a rat model of AHD induced by alcohol consumption.<b>Methodology.</b> We evaluated body weight, cardiac function, changes in gut morphology, and gut microbiota composition to assess the effects of SSYX and amiodarone on AHD.<b>Results.</b> Alcohol consumption significantly reduced body weight and aggravated cardiac fibrosis. However, SSYX attenuated fibrosis and improved cardiac function. SSYX also improved intestinal morphological changes caused by chronic alcoholism and activated the expression of ZO-1 and occludin, which are important in maintaining intestinal barrier function. The gut microbiota composition was altered in rats with AHD, with an increase in Actinobacteria abundance. Both SSYX and amiodarone affected the gut microbiota composition, and their effects were positively correlated. SSYX plays a protective role against heart injury caused by alcohol consumption. It improves cardiac function, intestinal morphological changes and gut microbiota composition.<b>Conclusion.</b> SSYX and amiodarone may have potential therapeutic options for AHD. Actinobacteria/Firmicutes ratio and the abundance of <i>Christensenellaceae R7 group</i>, <i>norank_flachnospiraceae</i> and <i>Roseburia</i> may serve as potential biomarkers for detecting alcoholic heart disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142933862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effector genes of type III secretion system and biofilm formation in virulent <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> isolates carrying <i>bla</i> _KPC-2 and <i>bla</i> _PDC-5 genes in hospital environment.","authors":"Vitelhe Ferreira de Almeida, Jane Eire Urzêdo, Teresiama Velikkakam, Gabriela Pires Cardoso Alves Moreira, Sara Carolline Ribeiro da Fonseca, Clara Mariano Bastos, Sabrina Royer, Vinicius Lopes Dias, Elias Rodrigues de Almeida Junior, Caio Augusto Martins Aires, Maria Amélia Vieira Maciel, Isabella Macário Ferro Cavalcanti, Paulo P Gontijo-Filho, Rosineide Marques Ribas","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001956","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> In critically ill patients, the occurrence of multidrug-resistant <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> infection is a significant concern, given its ability to acquire multidrug-resistant, form biofilms and secrete toxic effectors.<b>Hypothesis or Gap Statement.</b> In Brazil, limited data are available regarding the prevalence of dissemination, and the impact of the type III secretion system (T3SS) on toxin production and biofilm formation in clinical isolates of <i>P. aeruginosa</i>.<b>Aim.</b> This study investigates the dissemination of virulent <i>P. aeruginosa</i> harbouring the <i>bla</i> _KPC-2 and <i>bla</i> _PDC-5 genes, the presence of T3SS genes and their biofilm-forming capability.<b>Methodology.</b> A total of 128 non-duplicate clinical isolates of carbapenem-resistant <i>P. aeruginosa</i> (CRPA) from different sources collected from eight hospitals were examined. Detection was performed by PCR of the T3SS genes (<i>exo</i>U, <i>exo</i>T, <i>exo</i>S and <i>exo</i>Y), carbapenemases (<i>bla</i> _KPC, <i>bla</i> _GIM and <i>bla</i> _NDM) and beta-lactamase gene (<i>bla</i> _PDC). PFGE and phenotypic biofilm production (initial adhesion assay and biofilm cell concentration) were performed.<b>Results.</b> We found <i>exo</i>T⁺ (86%) to be the most frequent genotypic variant, followed by <i>exo</i>Y⁺ (61%). Notably, a substantial proportion of isolates exhibited the simultaneous presence of <i>exo</i>U⁺ and <i>exo</i>S⁺ genes, along with a high prevalence of <i>bla</i> _KPC-2 ⁺ (64%) and <i>bla</i> _PDC-5 ⁺ (64%) among the disseminated clones in the evaluated region. Additionally, 78% of the isolates demonstrated biofilm-forming capability, and two distinct clonal profiles were identified and disseminated both intra- and inter-hospital. Also, it was revealed that the <i>exo</i>U genotype was significantly more frequent among multidrug-resistant strains.<b>Conclusion.</b> These findings underscore the ability of multiple virulent and biofilm-producing clones of CRPA to propagate effectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143049051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathogenesis of <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> prosthetic joint infections: bacterial adhesion and internalization in osteoblasts, synoviocytes and endothelial cells.","authors":"Anne Lise Maucotel, Deborah M Crepin, Allison Faure, Florent Valour, Frédéric Laurent, Jérôme Josse","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001959","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> is frequently isolated during prosthetic joint infections (PJIs). Unlike <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, its internalization and persistence within cells are controversial. We aimed to determine whether internalization is involved in the pathophysiology of <i>S. epidermidis</i> PJIs. Adhesion and internalization of <i>S. epidermidis</i> PJI isolates have been studied using an <i>in vitro</i> model. Despite similar adhesion levels to the <i>S. aureus</i> SH1000 reference strain, <i>S. epidermidis</i> isolates had a low internalization in osteoblasts, synoviocytes and endothelial cells. Internalization of <i>S. epidermidis</i> is strain- and cell-type dependent. Our results do not support <i>S. epidermidis</i> internalization as a key factor in PJIs.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143026174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}