Journal of forensic sciences最新文献_第2页

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-06-16 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70097

Tim Kalafut, James Curran, John Buckleton

引用次数: 0

Assessment of the drowning index in diagnosing freshwater drowning: A comparative study. 淡水溺水诊断中溺水指数评价的比较研究。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-06-13 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70107

Nirmal Nagar, Binaya Kumar Bastia, Yatiraj Singi, Dipen Dabhi, Kriti Nagar

{"title":"Assessment of the drowning index in diagnosing freshwater drowning: A comparative study.","authors":"Nirmal Nagar, Binaya Kumar Bastia, Yatiraj Singi, Dipen Dabhi, Kriti Nagar","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70107","url":null,"abstract":"Drowning is a diagnosis of exclusion, as no finding is pathognomonic to drowning, making it a challenging task during autopsy. The drowning index (DI) is the ratio of the combined weights of both lungs and pleural effusion to the weight of the spleen. This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary healthcare center in Northern India, including 75 cases of freshwater drowning, 64 cases of sudden cardiac death, and 40 cases of hanging deaths. We measured DI parameters such as the weights of both lungs, pleural effusion, and spleen, and the DI was calculated and compared among the groups. We also calculated the cut-off DI value using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. We observed that in drowning cases, the value of DI, combined weight of both lungs, and pleural effusion is significantly higher, whereas the weight of the spleen is lower when compared with cardiac and hanging deaths. However, lung weight alone is not suggestive of drowning. A DI value of more than 9.7 is highly suggestive of freshwater drowning death, with a sensitivity of 86.7% and specificity of 70.2% within a postmortem interval (PMI) of up to 2 weeks. The DI value is higher in males compared with females, but the difference is not statistically significant among the drowning group.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144295553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development and evaluation of methods for objective comparison of x-ray fluorescence spectra. x射线荧光光谱客观比较方法的发展与评价。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-06-13 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70105

Meghan Prusinowski, Evie Nguyen, Cedric Neumann, Tatiana Trejos

{"title":"Development and evaluation of methods for objective comparison of x-ray fluorescence spectra.","authors":"Meghan Prusinowski, Evie Nguyen, Cedric Neumann, Tatiana Trejos","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70105","url":null,"abstract":"This study provides statistical support for X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectral comparisons using quantitative similarity measures. A set of electrical tapes originating from different rolls (94 rolls, 24 brands, 54 product types, four countries of manufacture) and an additional subset originating from the same source (20 samples from the same roll) are characterized via XRF. Noise in spectra is filtered using Fast Fourier Transform, and baselines are corrected using a second derivative-constrained weighted regression. Then, spectral contrast angle ratios (SCAR) are calculated for each pairwise comparison (n = 4561). The SCAR metric can capture information on the variability between the compared samples and the variability within same-source samples. Based on that measure, a threshold minimizing erroneous associations or exclusions is proposed. In addition, SCAR is used to classify samples using cluster analysis. An automated approach to sample comparison utilizing a random forest algorithm assists in identifying the basis for similarities or differences between compared spectra. This study describes a more objective approach to reporting opinions and probabilistic determinations of spectral data that can be used as a model for other fields and materials. The use of the SCAR metric can support the forensic examiner's decision-making process and add transparency in various ways.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144295554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Forensic pathology and toxicological analyses: A case of fatal xylazine poisoning. 法医病理学和毒理学分析：致死性噻嗪中毒1例。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70104

Zhonghao Yu, Yuhao Yuan, Jiaxin Zhang, Xiangting Gao, Chen Chen, Erjuan Zhao, Jinghong Ma, Yiwu Zhou

引用次数: 0

Anthropological examination of the hyoid bone, thyroid cartilage, and cricoid cartilage in suicidal hangings. 自杀悬吊中舌骨、甲状软骨和环状软骨的人类学研究。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-06-10 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70102

Bradley Adams, Kelsey Opozda, Christopher Rainwater, Gregory Dickinson

{"title":"Anthropological examination of the hyoid bone, thyroid cartilage, and cricoid cartilage in suicidal hangings.","authors":"Bradley Adams, Kelsey Opozda, Christopher Rainwater, Gregory Dickinson","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70102","url":null,"abstract":"Thorough evaluation of the hyoid bone, thyroid cartilage, and cricoid cartilage is critical in trauma interpretation as fractures of the neck block are commonly associated with manual strangulation, suicidal hanging, and direct blunt force trauma. The frequency of fractures to laryngohyoid structures is differentially reported in the literature. Between 2019 and 2021, the neck blocks from 56 suicidal hangings were subjected to an anthropological analysis for trauma. The protocol for examining these cases involved radiographs prior to removal of the soft tissues, followed by removal of all soft tissue overlying the skeletal and cartilaginous structures. This prospective study of the hyoid bone, thyroid cartilage, and cricoid cartilage from suicidal hangings found fractures in 71.4% of the cases. The correlation between different variables (e.g., age, sex, stature, weight, ligature furrow size, type of suspension) and the frequency of fractures was analyzed. Findings showed that there was not a strong correlation between the presence of fractures and sex, height, or weight of the decedent. Although not statistically significant, possible trends were observed based on the type of suspension and ligature furrow size. Age showed a statistically significant correlation with fractures. Overall, the number of fractures observed per case ranged from 0 to 6. The thyroid was the most common location for fractures. Although infrequent, cricoid fractures were observed in association with some cases. Differences in published laryngohyoid fracture frequencies appear to be primarily related to variation in data collection procedures.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144268249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A murder in Austin Texas: A case report featuring evaluation given activity level propositions. 德克萨斯州奥斯汀市的一起谋杀案：一份以活动水平命题为特征的案件报告。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-06-10 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70099

John Buckleton

引用次数: 0

Using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and machine learning for forensic hair identification. 利用ATR-FTIR光谱和机器学习进行法医头发鉴定。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70062

Zehua Fan, Chenyu Li, Qiran Sun, Yiwen Luo, Hancheng Lin, Bin Cong, Ping Huang

{"title":"Using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and machine learning for forensic hair identification.","authors":"Zehua Fan, Chenyu Li, Qiran Sun, Yiwen Luo, Hancheng Lin, Bin Cong, Ping Huang","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70062","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this experiment is to utilize attenuated total reflection (ATR) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for the discrimination of different types of hair, as numerous studies have substantiated its efficacy in substance classification. In this study, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy was employed to analyze scalp hair, pubic hair, and armpit hair from human subjects. Additionally, a machine learning model was integrated to differentiate between hairs originating from distinct body regions. Because of the limited sampling conditions, we only chose samples from Chinese people who have been living in Shanghai and the surrounding areas for a long time to conduct the experiment. We developed partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM) classification models and compared their performance in identification. The results show that the SVM model has the best identification results with 90.37% accuracy, 90.37% recall, and 90.38% precision. This preliminary study suggests that ATR-FTIR spectroscopy combined with SVM may be an effective and promising aid in assisting the identification of hair in different parts of the human body. This method is non-destructive, fast, and accurate, and does not require a sample preparation process, which makes it promising in the field of forensic science. Also, we found that the main substance differences that contributed to the good distinction between hairs were expressed in amide I, followed by amide III and C-H deformation.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144251611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Strangulation victimization in the United States: Findings from a nationwide emergency department sample. 美国勒死受害者：来自全国急诊科样本的调查结果。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-05-30 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70080

Abigail Schweiger, Jason T Carbone, Anna Sadlo, Michael G Vaughn

{"title":"Strangulation victimization in the United States: Findings from a nationwide emergency department sample.","authors":"Abigail Schweiger, Jason T Carbone, Anna Sadlo, Michael G Vaughn","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70080","url":null,"abstract":"Strangulation is a form of asphyxiation caused by the obstruction of blood and airflow through the neck and poses a significant threat to both immediate and lasting health outcomes in the United States (U.S.). This study examines data from 686,630,579 emergency department (ED) admissions across the U.S. between 2016 and 2020, drawn from the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS), to evaluate the prevalence and demographic characteristics of strangulation-related visits. Among all ED admissions, 0.002% (n = 11,102) were attributed to strangulation. A disproportionate number of these cases involved females (n = 9533, 86%), with the highest incidence observed in women aged 20 to 24 years (20.94%) and in men aged 15 to 19 years (16.57%). Strangulation-related ED visits were more prevalent among individuals with Medicaid, those without insurance, or those using alternative payment methods compared to those with private insurance. Geographically, these visits were more common in the Midwest and West regions compared with the Northeast. This study discusses the implications of these findings in terms of both the consequences for victims and the opportunities for healthcare providers, law enforcement agencies, and policymakers to improve care and responses for this at-risk population.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144182235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The forensic footprint: Elemental and microbial evidence in relocated remains. 法医足迹：重新安置的遗骸中的元素和微生物证据。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70092

Katelyn L Bolhofner, Ken G Sweat, Kristina Buss, Jennifer Mata Salinas, Pamela A Marshall

{"title":"The forensic footprint: Elemental and microbial evidence in relocated remains.","authors":"Katelyn L Bolhofner, Ken G Sweat, Kristina Buss, Jennifer Mata Salinas, Pamela A Marshall","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70092","url":null,"abstract":"Here, we investigate the microbial and elemental signatures left behind at the sites of relocated remains, providing insights into postmortem processes that can assist forensic investigations of clandestine burials and relocated remains. We allowed two 90.7 kg (200lbs) clothed porcine models to decompose in open, varied environments in Arizona for a period of 25 days prior to the removal of the remains to secondary burial locations. After a period of 9 months, we collected soil samples from both the primary and secondary sites, as well as from control sites nearby. Our findings support the prevailing suggestion that microbial communities associated with decomposing remains exhibit distinct signatures, here dominated by Gammaproteobacteria and Clostridium, and demonstrate for the first time that these signatures remain detectable at a primary site for an extended period after a short decomposition period and relocation of remains to a secondary site. Additionally, elemental analyses identified significant differences in soil composition, particularly in macronutrients such as phosphorus and sulfur, between control and both primary and secondary deposition sites. These findings suggest that the traces left behind by decomposing remains can serve as forensic markers for an extended period after relocation. Our results highlight the potential of combining microbial and elemental analyses to enhance the understanding of decomposition and inform investigative strategies in forensic contexts. This research underscores the importance of microbial signatures in forensic science and calls for further exploration of their broader applicability in various burial environments.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144164305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adapting risk assessments to a changing terrorism landscape: Revising the extremism risk guidance. 使风险评估适应不断变化的恐怖主义形势：修订极端主义风险指南。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70101

Jonathan Kenyon, Adam J Carter, Sian Watson, Jenty Farr

{"title":"Adapting risk assessments to a changing terrorism landscape: Revising the extremism risk guidance.","authors":"Jonathan Kenyon, Adam J Carter, Sian Watson, Jenty Farr","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70101","url":null,"abstract":"The Extremism Risk Guidance-Revised (ERG-R) updates and expands the ERG22+ framework, which has guided terrorism risk assessment in prison and probation across England and Wales since 2011. Developed by His Majesty's Prison and Probation Service (HMPPS) Counter Terrorism-Assessment and Rehabilitation Centre (CT-ARC), the ERG-R responds to key shifts in the terrorism landscape, including the growth of online radicalization, greater involvement of younger individuals, an increase in extreme right-wing convictions, and more fluid ideological affiliations. The revised framework comprises 36 factors, building on the original three dimensions (engagement, intent, and capability) by adding a fourth dimension addressing protective and risk-mitigating factors, enhancing alignment with Structured Professional Judgment (SPJ) methodology. Its development drew on a comprehensive literature review, consultation with the Correctional Services Advice and Accreditation Panel (CSAAP), external peer review, and a 12-month pilot across custodial and community settings. The ERG-R enhances operational guidance for assessing dynamic risk, including tracking change over time and informing case prioritization, replacing fixed risk levels with more nuanced case management. Following practitioner training, the ERG-R was formally implemented across HMPPS in March 2025. This technical report outlines its theoretical foundations, development process, and practical application and considers its adaptability to jurisdictions beyond England and Wales.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144164304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0