Journal of forensic sciences最新文献_第2页

Forensic analysis of post-blast residues from lead styphnate-based primers. 法医分析爆炸后苯乙烯酸铅引物残留物。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-09-14 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70183

Lúcio Paulo Lima Logrado, Eduardo Kraemer Góes, Josyelle Maria Alcides Campos

{"title":"Forensic analysis of post-blast residues from lead styphnate-based primers.","authors":"Lúcio Paulo Lima Logrado, Eduardo Kraemer Góes, Josyelle Maria Alcides Campos","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70183","url":null,"abstract":"Explosions involving primary explosives as the sole energetic material are very uncommon, since such compounds are typically used only to initiate main charges. This case report addresses an unusual blast at a civilian logistics facility, where primer compositions containing lead styphnate were present not as initiators but as the principal energetic charge. To investigate this rare scenario, postblast residues were collected from a cotton disc at the explosion epicenter and subjected to forensic chemical analyses. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS) revealed the styphnate ion, while scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) identified lead-rich particles consistent with lead styphnate residues. Additionally, Pb-Ba-Sb-containing particles, characteristic of gunshot residue, were observed. The morphological characteristics of the particles indicate high-temperature formation and, together with their chemical composition containing Pb, Ba, and Sb, provide strong evidence of residues related to deflagration. These findings confirm that the explosion residues originated from a primary explosive, highlighting the forensic relevance of identifying such unconventional scenarios.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145066877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Authors' response. 作者的回应。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70166

Eric M Warren, John C Handley, H David Sheets

引用次数: 0

Authors' response. 作者的回应。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70164

Nada Aggadi, Thomas Busey

引用次数: 0

Commentary on: Aggadi N, Zeller K, Busey T. Quantifying the strength of firearms comparisons based on error rate studies. J Forensic Sci. 2024;70(1):84-97. https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.15646; Warren EC, Handley JC, Sheets HD. Cross entropy and log likelihood ratio cost as performance measures for multi-conclusion categorical outcomes scales. J Forensic Sci. 2024;70(2):589-606. https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.15686. 评论：Aggadi N， Zeller K, Busey T.基于错误率研究的枪械比较强度量化。法医学学报，2009;37(1):84-97。https://doi.org/10.1111/1556 4029.15646;Warren EC, Handley JC, Sheets HD。交叉熵和对数似然比成本作为多结论分类结果量表的性能度量。法医学学报，2009;30(2):589-606。https://doi.org/10.1111/1556 - 4029.15686。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70165

Geoffrey Stewart Morrison

引用次数: 0

The effects of contextual bias on face recognition decisions. 情境偏见对人脸识别决策的影响。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-09-09 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70177

Lee J Curley, Emily Breese, James Munro, Catriona Havard, Faye Skelton, Graham Pike

{"title":"The effects of contextual bias on face recognition decisions.","authors":"Lee J Curley, Emily Breese, James Munro, Catriona Havard, Faye Skelton, Graham Pike","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70177","url":null,"abstract":"Contemporary research has demonstrated the effects of bias on, even expert, forensic decision making. The paper aimed to test if forensically relevant face recognition decisions could be influenced by biasing information. A 3 (Bias (within-subjects): positive bias vs. negative bias vs. control) × 2 (evidence strength (between-subjects): weak video evidence (N = 97) vs. strong video evidence (N = 98)) × 2 (target presence (within-subjects): absent vs. present) mixed-design was utilized. Confidence, accuracy, and decision time were measured. In total, 195 participants were recruited. The Cambridge face memory test+ was used to measure face recognition ability. Participants saw 36 videos emulating Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) footage of a person walking down the corridor. Participants were randomly allocated to either the strong or weak evidence condition. Participants were shown a statement for each video that contained either a positive bias (target face matched the face in the video), a negative bias (target face did not match the face in the video), or control (no statement provided). Participants were then presented with a target face and asked if it matched the face seen in the previous video. There was a significant interaction between the bias and the target presence factors, with accuracy and confidence increasing and decision times decreasing when a positive bias statement was used when the target was present. Face recognition abilities did not act as a covariate. Bias may influence facial recognition decisions, and superior face recognition abilities do not undermine the influence of bias. Recommendations/implications, such as linear sequential unmasking, were discussed.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145031347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Workplace demands, resources, and well-being among police staff working in forensic services. 法医工作人员的工作场所需求、资源和福利。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-09-08 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70179

Jacob J Keech, Jacqueline M Drew

{"title":"Workplace demands, resources, and well-being among police staff working in forensic services.","authors":"Jacob J Keech, Jacqueline M Drew","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70179","url":null,"abstract":"Forensic staff play a crucial role in law enforcement through providing specialist services to police agencies in criminal investigations. Given the unique work, including frequent exposure to potentially distressing material, administrative workloads, and other work-related pressures, forensic staff are at risk of increased occupational stress. The current study examined the demands and resources associated with stress-related outcomes among forensic staff. It further provides descriptions of the coping strategies used, perceptions of organizational support resources, and attitudes toward help-seeking and using sick leave. Participants were 114 sworn and non-sworn forensic staff working in an Australian law enforcement organization. The study used a mixed methods design with participants completing survey questions online. Quantitative data were analyzed using bivariate correlations and partial least squares regression analyses. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results identified the key role of occupational and organizational stressors, and forensic-specific job-related demands, in predicting various stress-related outcomes. Supervisor support, peer support, and psychosocial safety climate also had a key role in predicting stress-related outcomes among forensic staff. Law enforcement organizations employing staff in forensic job roles should take a holistic approach to optimizing demands which not only focuses on trauma, but also on mitigating occupational and organizational stressors. Demands specific to the role of forensics also need to be considered. In an effort to offset job demands, police agencies should seek to uplift the capacity of key resources such as supervisors and peers and should focus on ensuring a positive psychosocial safety climate.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145025036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cuticular hydrocarbons as pupal age markers of two species of blowflies Chrysomya (Diptera: Calliphoridae): Implications for estimating the postmortem interval. 表皮碳氢化合物作为两种金翅目蝇蛹年龄的标记物：对估计死后间隔的意义。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-09-07 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70176

Mayara C N Abel, Michele C da Paula-Silva, Poliana G Dos Santos, Kamylla B Michelutti, Thayná C Videira, Claudia A L Cardoso, Sidnei E Lima-Junior, William F Antonialli-Junior

{"title":"Cuticular hydrocarbons as pupal age markers of two species of blowflies Chrysomya (Diptera: Calliphoridae): Implications for estimating the postmortem interval.","authors":"Mayara C N Abel, Michele C da Paula-Silva, Poliana G Dos Santos, Kamylla B Michelutti, Thayná C Videira, Claudia A L Cardoso, Sidnei E Lima-Junior, William F Antonialli-Junior","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70176","url":null,"abstract":"Blowflies are important to estimate the postmortem interval (PMI), since they are the first to interact with the carcass. However, depending on the decomposition stage, only pupae can be found. A method that has currently been suggested is the use of cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) in forensically important fly species to aid in estimating PMI; however, studies from the pupal stage are rare. Therefore, this study aimed to test two hypotheses: (1) CHCs from fly pupae can be used as an auxiliary taxonomic tool. (2) There is significant chronological variation in composition throughout pupal development. 315 pupae were used from two fly species of different ages, being 21 pupae for each age group and using three pupae per extraction, n = 7, from which the CHCs were extracted every hour, from the first hour to the tenth; then, samples were collected every 24 h until adult emergence. We found that in the cuticle of Chrysomya albiceps and Chrysomya megacephala, pupae detected 19 and 23 compounds, respectively, identified as linear alkanes, branched alkanes, and alkenes. According to the results, CHCs of the pupae vary significantly between the species and throughout their development, with compounds that are specific to the initial hours and others to the final hours. We can conclude that our results are promising for use in forensics, as changes in intra-pupal development result in a characteristic chemical profile throughout the ages analyzed, therefore helping criminal experts in estimating the PMI.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145016916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A uniform approach to determine measurement uncertainty in routine chemical forensic casework. 确定常规化学法医案件测量不确定度的统一方法。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-09-07 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70158

Ivo Alberink, Ingrid J Bosman, Marzena Glama, Dick-Paul Kloos, Annette Sprong, Camille D van Dijk

{"title":"A uniform approach to determine measurement uncertainty in routine chemical forensic casework.","authors":"Ivo Alberink, Ingrid J Bosman, Marzena Glama, Dick-Paul Kloos, Annette Sprong, Camille D van Dijk","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70158","url":null,"abstract":"In routine forensic chemical casework where measurements are performed on reference materials, determination of measurement uncertainty is described in several guidelines. The proposed methods often have the drawback that they are not derived from a statistical framework and may lead to conservative confidence intervals. Furthermore, the formulas involved may vary considerably for different types of reference material. The current study presents a method for determination of measurement uncertainty that is both statistically sound and uniform for different types of reference material, namely material from proficiency tests, certified reference material, and noncertified reference material. The statistical model used for measurements uses relative standard deviations. The method is based on analysis of two sources of uncertainty, namely the random variation in the measurement itself and uncertainty connected to the bias of the process. It is explained how the method works when there is bias correction of results. It is also described how the method works if no correction is applied. Furthermore, the results are compared using simulation experiments, showing a better performance of the proposed method when compared with commonly used alternatives.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145016944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Forensic analysis and evaluation of file-wiping applications in Android OS. Android操作系统中文件清除应用程序的取证分析和评估。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70174

Dong Bin Oh, Somi Lim, Suji Lee, Yesong Jo, Gahyun Choi, Bumyun Kim, Huy Kang Kim

{"title":"Forensic analysis and evaluation of file-wiping applications in Android OS.","authors":"Dong Bin Oh, Somi Lim, Suji Lee, Yesong Jo, Gahyun Choi, Bumyun Kim, Huy Kang Kim","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70174","url":null,"abstract":"Anti-forensics refers to techniques designed to obstruct the discovery of evidence in digital forensic investigations. File-wiping is one of the anti-forensic techniques that make data recovery impossible by overwriting data with specific patterns. This technique poses significant challenges to investigators. Our study evaluates the effectiveness of file-wiping applications on the Android OS from the anti-forensic perspective. We selected six applications from the Google Play Store that support file-level wiping. By analyzing these applications using reverse engineering and digital forensic tools, we addressed the three key research questions. First, we discovered that although one application claimed to provide file-wiping functionality, it actually performed simple file deletions, making the deleted files recoverable. Second, we found that file-wiping applications did not adhere to file-wiping standards or guidelines. Lastly, by examining artifacts generated by the Android OS and applications during the file-wiping process, we were able to reveal evidence of tool execution and artifacts of wiped files. Based on these findings, we propose a novel evaluation framework that assists digital forensic investigators in detecting traces of wiping activity and inferring information about deleted data on Android devices.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145002229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Concordance study between PowerPlex® ESI 16 Fast Kit and Investigator® 24plex GO! Kit. PowerPlex®ESI 16快速试剂盒与研究者®24plex GO的一致性研究！装备。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70178

Yaara Levav Cohen, Avigail Kleiman, Aya Spitzer

{"title":"Concordance study between PowerPlex® ESI 16 Fast Kit and Investigator® 24plex GO! Kit.","authors":"Yaara Levav Cohen, Avigail Kleiman, Aya Spitzer","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70178","url":null,"abstract":"Short tandem repeat (STR) analysis is the cornerstone of forensic human identification due to its high discriminatory power and robustness. A concordance study was conducted to evaluate allele call consistency between two STR multiplex kits: PowerPlex® ESI 16 Fast (Promega Corporation, Madison, WI, USA) and Investigator®24plex GO! Kit (QIAGEN GmbH, Hilden, Germany). A total of 2000 buccal FTA cards (Whatman™ Flinders Technology Associates, Cytiva, Marlborough, MA, USA) samples previously typed with the PowerPlex® ESI 16 Fast Kit were re-analyzed using the Investigator® 24plex GO! Kit. An overall concordance rate of 99.982% was observed (59,989 concordant allele calls out of 60,000 total calls). Eleven discordant alleles were identified, including five cases of allelic dropout at distinct loci, five instances of allele shift (typically between D1S1656 and the adjacent DYS391), and one true mismatch at D1S1656. All discordances were confirmed by repeated amplification using both the PowerPlex® ESI 16 Fast and Investigator® 24plex GO! Kits, as well as the Investigator® 24plex QS Kit (QIAGEN GmbH, Hilden, Germany). The mismatch at D1S1656 was further confirmed by sequencing. The low discordance rate supports the reliability of the Investigator® 24plex GO! Kit for forensic reference databasing and enables a confident transition from the PowerPlex® ESI 16 Fast Kit.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145002278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0