Journal of forensic sciences最新文献_第8页

A novel relationship between time offsets in capillary electrophoresis and DNA sequence variations in short tandem repeats. 毛细管电泳时间偏移与短串联重复序列变异之间的新关系。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-30 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70398

Damani Johnson, James Curran, Tim Kalafut

{"title":"A novel relationship between time offsets in capillary electrophoresis and DNA sequence variations in short tandem repeats.","authors":"Damani Johnson, James Curran, Tim Kalafut","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70398","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.70398","url":null,"abstract":"Next-generation sequencing (NGS) provides increased discriminatory power in forensic DNA analysis due to the detection of isoalleles. Differences in sequences between alleles allow for a second layer of differentiation between DNA contributors beyond the number of short tandem repeat (STR) repeat units. However, because NGS is a more time and resource-intensive analysis than conventional capillary electrophoresis (CE), laboratories may benefit from indicators that suggest NGS is likely to provide added value. This study examined whether CE migration offsets, measured as residuals in the OSIRIS analysis software, can differ significantly among STR isoalleles. Residuals represent the time offset between a sample allele peak and its corresponding allelic ladder peak. Paired CE and NGS data from 95 single source samples were analyzed for CE-based residual differences, as the NGS data provided the sequence information of the corresponding isoalleles. Residual values differed significantly among isoalleles at several STR loci. Statistically significant differences were identified at D16S539 and D3S1358, as well as at specific allele lengths within D12S391, D13S317, and D8S1179. These findings demonstrate that CE residual variation can reflect underlying STR sequence differences between contributors. In practice, residual-based metrics could help laboratories to identify casework reference samples where NGS is likely to provide additional discrimination, without the need for processing outside of a routine CE workflow. Due to the potentially large number of isoalleles, community wide efforts to aggregate CE residual differences versus isoallele sequences may be useful in the validation and implementation of this approach to add value to forensic DNA analyses.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":"2345-2350"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13534958/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148355326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unintentional fatal overdose of veterinary levamisole in a human subject. 误服左旋咪唑致人死亡。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-19 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70387

Rebecca Kusko, Serah Oyewole, Robert D Johnson, Mark Shelly, James Price, Kurt Kleinschmidt

{"title":"Unintentional fatal overdose of veterinary levamisole in a human subject.","authors":"Rebecca Kusko, Serah Oyewole, Robert D Johnson, Mark Shelly, James Price, Kurt Kleinschmidt","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70387","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.70387","url":null,"abstract":"Cases of levamisole overdose without coingestants in human subjects are rare. Existing knowledge of human toxicity depends in part on records of adverse events of therapeutic use such as nausea, vomiting, headache, and rarer central nervous system effects. Much of our knowledge also comes from levamisole's role as an adulterant in cocaine, where it is known to have immune modulatory properties and is associated with vasculitis. The few cases of levamisole-only toxicity are either non-fatal or lack clinical details. We present the first case of a fatal, oral ingestion of levamisole in a patient who presented alive with clinical symptoms and had treatment documented. The patient's early symptoms included nausea, vomiting, tremors, and visual changes. Following this, the patient experienced bradycardia followed by pulseless electrical activity cardiac arrest. This presentation was consistent with what would be expected of the pharmacodynamic effects of levamisole as a nicotinic agonist. Levamisole's presence was confirmed by post-mortem confirmatory testing, with a recorded femoral blood concentration of 19,000 ng/mL. The clinical picture and post-mortem testing were consistent with the cause of death as levamisole overdose.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":"2469-2473"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13534894/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148284995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fatal pediatric neck entrapment in a lift-up storage bed: A preventable domestic asphyxial death. 致命的儿童颈部卡在升降储存床：可预防的家庭窒息死亡。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2026-08-31 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70455

Francesco Baldari, Alice Buzzelli, Vittoria Greco, Andrea Guidetti, Valentina Bugelli

{"title":"Fatal pediatric neck entrapment in a lift-up storage bed: A preventable domestic asphyxial death.","authors":"Francesco Baldari, Alice Buzzelli, Vittoria Greco, Andrea Guidetti, Valentina Bugelli","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70455","url":null,"abstract":"Bed-related deaths are rare in forensic practice and are usually associated with falls, restraint-related entrapment, or unsafe infant sleeping environments. Fatal mechanical asphyxia involving lift-up storage beds is an exceptional occurrence, and the few published cases involve adult victims. We report the first pediatric fatality caused by neck entrapment in the closing mechanism of an ottoman-style storage bed. An 8-year-old boy was found prone and unconscious, with his head trapped between the lowered mattress-support frame and the storage compartment below. Facial cyanosis and congestion were observed at the scene. Advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation restored spontaneous circulation after prolonged cardiac arrest, but the subsequent clinical course was characterized by severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Brain death was declared 1 week after the incident. No autopsy was performed. The forensic investigation combined medico-legal assessment, clinical and radiological review, scene examination, and engineering analysis of the bed mechanism. Technical testing excluded a manufacturing defect and demonstrated incorrect assembly of the bed, with accidental interchanging of externally similar components. The available evidence supported the hypothesis of fatal traumatic mechanical asphyxia due to extrinsic cervical compression. Vascular obstruction, particularly impaired jugular venous drainage and reduced cerebral perfusion, was considered the primary mechanism, with possible contributions from carotid compression and reflex neurogenic mechanisms. This case illustrates the importance of integrating circumstantial, clinical, radiological, and technical data. It also demonstrates that ordinary furniture may become lethal when safety-critical components are installed incorrectly, underscoring the need for preventive and safety measures during assembly of lift-up storage beds.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148868386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction to "The grip of crime: Analyzing strangulation and asphyxiation typologies in homicide cases". 对“犯罪的控制：分析杀人案件中的勒死和窒息类型”的修正。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2026-08-30 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70461

引用次数: 0

Proposition for the analysis of background toner distribution to sequence ink lines and printing with a statistical method. 提出了用统计方法分析背景色粉分布对油墨线和印刷顺序的影响。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2026-08-27 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70459

Mathieu Arès, Zain Bhaloo, R Brent Ostrum

引用次数: 0

Indirect fractures in long bones resulting from gunshot trauma: Occurrence, characterization, and need for additional research. 枪伤导致的长骨间接骨折：发生、特征和需要进一步研究。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2026-08-27 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70427

Alexandra Semma Tamayo, Thomas Gallagher, Anna L Medendorp, Tal Simmons, Laure Spake

{"title":"Indirect fractures in long bones resulting from gunshot trauma: Occurrence, characterization, and need for additional research.","authors":"Alexandra Semma Tamayo, Thomas Gallagher, Anna L Medendorp, Tal Simmons, Laure Spake","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70427","url":null,"abstract":"Indirect fractures from gunshot wounds can occur when a projectile impacts soft tissue without making direct contact with the bone. Existing biomechanical and clinical research suggests that indirect fractures result in lower levels of comminution, and that resultant fracture patterns can resemble those seen in blunt force trauma (e.g., wedge-shape, oblique, transverse). In this paper, we document the occurrence, characterize fracture patterning, and highlight challenges in the analysis of indirect fractures using three independent sources of data: (1) forensic cases from the New Mexico Decedent Image Database (NMDID); (2) experimental data from gunshot trauma in animal bone; and (3) a survey of forensic practitioners on gunshot wound interpretation. Our analysis demonstrates that indirect fractures from gunshot trauma in long bones are indeed present in forensic casework, and that, in the absence of other lines of evidence (e.g., presence of defects on other bones, recovered bullet fragments, information about the scene), they are predominantly identified by analysts as resulting from non-gunshot mechanisms of injury. Indirect fractures therefore represent a significant challenge for interpreting the mechanisms and circumstances of injury, as they may be misclassified as blunt force trauma rather than gunshot related; this may produce incorrect conclusions impacting both the direction of the forensic investigation and type of prosecution. Research into the biomechanical conditions contributing to indirect fracture formation is therefore imperative to strengthen anthropological understanding of fracture morphological variability in gunshot trauma.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148842687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bearing the weight: A phenomenological study of burnout and stress among medicolegal death investigators. 承载重量：法医死亡调查人员中倦怠和压力的现象学研究。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2026-08-27 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70426

Ava Juliette Thorpe

{"title":"Bearing the weight: A phenomenological study of burnout and stress among medicolegal death investigators.","authors":"Ava Juliette Thorpe","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70426","url":null,"abstract":"Medicolegal death investigators sit at the nexus of forensic science, the criminal justice system, and family-facing trauma response, often engaging all three in a single case. They are a critical part of the criminal justice system, yet one of the least studied groups of practitioners in the burnout literature. The current study employed a hermeneutic phenomenological design and reflexive thematic analysis as the analytic process to explore the experience and understanding of burnout among 16 medicolegal and coroner investigators from 9 U.S. states in the context of their everyday work. Semi-structured interviews were conducted via Zoom and analyzed using NVivo 14. Six interrelated themes emerged from the data: social climate, environmental variability, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, lack of support, and personal disposition. Annual caseloads ranged from 265 to greater than 1000 per investigator. That volume is comparable to or exceeds the recommended maximum of 250 autopsies per year per forensic pathologist from the National Association of Medical Examiners (NAME), the most similar published professional workload standard, and chronic understaffing was nearly universal. Investigators frequently mentioned being \"forgotten\" by their organizations and the larger criminal justice system. Peer recognition, intentional self-care, and what participants called dispositional awareness functioned as protective resources. The findings suggest that burnout in this population is less a failure of individual coping and more a structural consequence of organizational neglect, with implications for leadership practice, mental health policy, and workforce retention in medicolegal agencies.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148842645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimized mixed attention-based bidirectional gradient model for intra-frame video forgery detection. 基于混合注意力的双向梯度帧内视频伪造检测优化模型。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2026-08-27 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70453

Neha Dhiman, Hakam Singh, Abhishek

{"title":"Optimized mixed attention-based bidirectional gradient model for intra-frame video forgery detection.","authors":"Neha Dhiman, Hakam Singh, Abhishek","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70453","url":null,"abstract":"Video forgery has become increasingly prevalent with advanced editing tools, posing serious threats to digital media authenticity. However, existing approaches used for detecting manipulations often faced challenges in handling intra-frame forgeries, decreased generalization, sensitivity to noise, and inadequate selection of key frames, thus leading to a decrease in the overall detection performance. To tackle these issues and to design an effective intra-frame forgery detection system, this research proposes an Optimized Multi-level Mixed Attention-enabled Hybrid Learning-based Bidirectional Gradient (OM2AHL-BiG) Model. The framework leverages the hybrid learning technique to enhance representation of features, Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) for understanding long-range temporal dependencies, and Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) for precise classification. Additionally, the mixed attention mechanisms allow for refining relevant features, and the Cooperative Search Hunter optimization (CoSH) is designed for hyperparameter tuning in order to improve the detection accuracy. Overall, the OM2AHL-BiG model results in enhanced detection, adaptability to various forgery types, and improved interpretability, making it an effective solution for detecting deepfake and intra-frame video forgeries. The experimental results obtained on the FaceForensics++ dataset showcased an improved performance under 90% of training percentage by yielding an accuracy of 98.62%, precision of 99.2%, sensitivity of 98.04%, specificity of 98.91%, and 98.62% F1 score, surpassing conventional approaches effectively.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148841921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Forensic analysis of dominant versus non-dominant handwriting: Statistical and machine learning insights. 主导与非主导笔迹的法医分析：统计和机器学习见解。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2026-08-25 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70456

Andrea Ledić, Ana Kraljević, Ivana Šitum, Ivan Jerković

{"title":"Forensic analysis of dominant versus non-dominant handwriting: Statistical and machine learning insights.","authors":"Andrea Ledić, Ana Kraljević, Ivana Šitum, Ivan Jerković","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70456","url":null,"abstract":"Systematic, paired quantitative evidence on how handwriting changes when the non-dominant hand is used remains limited in forensic document examination, despite its frequent relevance in cases involving disguise and authorship concealment. This study presents the first large-scale within-writer analysis examining general and individual handwriting characteristics using statistical testing and predictive modeling. Handwriting samples were collected from 94 right-handed participants, each of whom produced the same standardized text with both the dominant and non-dominant hand. Thirteen general and 19 individual handwriting characteristics were evaluated following established forensic criteria. Statistically significant differences were identified in 61.5% of general and 57.9% of individual handwriting characteristics. General features most affected by non-dominant writing included writing speed, graphic maturity, slant stability, letter connectivity, neatness, and legibility, whereas many structural letter forms exhibited high concordance across hands. Individual differences were primarily observed in fine motor features such as loop formation and diacritic construction, while core letter styles remained largely stable, supporting the persistence of handwriting individuality despite altered hand use. To assess the discriminative value of handwriting characteristics, a supervised logistic regression model incorporating cross-validation and feature selection was applied. A model using 10 handwriting characteristics achieved a test accuracy of 92.98%, while a reduced model retained high accuracy (91.23%), indicating that execution-quality features carry the strongest diagnostic value for distinguishing hand use. By establishing paired quantitative benchmarks for stable and degradable handwriting characteristics, this study provides practical guidance for evaluating suspected off-hand writing and demonstrates how statistical modeling can support expert forensic judgment.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148815246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Human variation and its influence on fracture outcomes in experimental tibial blunt trauma. 人的变异及其对实验性胫骨钝性创伤骨折结局的影响。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2026-08-25 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70444

Angela L Harden, Kyra Stull, Yun-Seok Kang, Christopher M Goden, Amanda M Agnew

{"title":"Human variation and its influence on fracture outcomes in experimental tibial blunt trauma.","authors":"Angela L Harden, Kyra Stull, Yun-Seok Kang, Christopher M Goden, Amanda M Agnew","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70444","url":null,"abstract":"Interpreting skeletal trauma requires understanding how fracture outcomes reflect both extrinsic loading conditions and intrinsic biological variation. However, the contribution of biological variability to fracture behavior remains poorly defined, even under controlled loading conditions. This study examines how intrinsic factors influence fracture outcomes in human tibiae subjected to blunt impacts. Sixty human tibiae were experimentally loaded under consistent dynamic four-point bending conditions. Fracture count and morphology were evaluated in relation to age, sex, body composition, and tibial geometry using descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate statistical approaches. Fracture outcomes ranged from simple to complex despite identical loading conditions. Fracture count showed limited association with biological or skeletal variables and was a limited standalone indicator of trauma severity under controlled conditions. Fracture morphology varied across sex and showed significant differences with BMI, weight, and age. Multivariate statistics identified clustering patterns not apparent in univariate analyses. These findings indicate that intrinsic biological variability contributes to fracture outcomes and that fracture morphology reflects the interaction of biological and mechanical factors and extrinsic loading. Together, these results show that both the individual and the event contribute to fracture morphology, limiting its use as a standalone indicator of force or injury mechanism in forensic interpretation.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148815296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0