{"title":"Authentication of forged inked fingerprints utilizing silicone molds.","authors":"Shuo Zhang, Hanze Man, Luchuan Tian, Shaohui Xu, Ya-Bin Zhao","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although the use of forged inked fingerprints is not common in criminal cases, it is gradually increasing in civil cases. This study introduces a rapid and nondestructive method for detecting forged inked fingerprints using Raman spectral, morphology, and deep learning. To develop an effective method to detect forged inked fingerprints, thereby enhancing the reliability of forensic evidence in judicial settings. The study explored Raman spectroscopy for differentiating genuine from forged inked fingerprints. The signals were examined by similarity and Hotelling T<sup>2</sup> tests. Morphological analysis was conducted on 3600 inked fingerprints, focusing on external contours, ridge widths, and ridge discontinuity. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to evaluate the effectiveness of these features. A deep learning model (ResNet50_AuI) was developed by integrating Feature Pyramid Network (FPN) and multi-head self-attention (MHSA) into the residual network (ResNet). This model was trained and tested using a custom database. Raman spectroscopy alone could not distinguish between genuine and forged fingerprints. Morphological analysis showed that external contours were most useful for authentication, followed by ridge discontinuity. The ResNet50_AuI model achieved 98.88% accuracy, emphasizing the importance of external contours. This study evaluates three methods for authenticating inked fingerprints, highlighting the potential and limitations of each method in improving the integrity of forensic evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144510069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cristiano Barbieri, Maria Grazia Violante, Roberta Risola, Andrea De Leo, Kimberly Pagani, Anna Cassano, Caterina Bosco, Ignazio Grattagliano, Giancarlo Di Vella
{"title":"Manipulation of vulnerable person via transformation of volunteer service to religious proselytism: Case report and methodical approach.","authors":"Cristiano Barbieri, Maria Grazia Violante, Roberta Risola, Andrea De Leo, Kimberly Pagani, Anna Cassano, Caterina Bosco, Ignazio Grattagliano, Giancarlo Di Vella","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70115","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.70115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Elderly people can become victims of induced behavior that is prejudicial not only to their psycho-physical health but also to the emotional-affective fragility associated with their social condition due to their age group. In such cases, it is essential to investigate the type of relationship that developed between the victim and the perpetrator. The authors report a case in which two women were volunteer caregivers of an elderly man and they were active members of a religious group too. During their relatively brief period of activity, the caregivers transformed their service firstly into religious proselytism and then into manipulation to acquire the man's economical assets. The technical assessments and judicial aspects of the case are described to define which elements must be evaluated to ascertain whether there have been phenomena of illicit manipulation and circumvention of an incapable person, as provided for by Italian law (penal code article 643).</p>","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144340713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Navigating medicine and justice: A life history and phenomenological study of forensic doctors' experiences.","authors":"Mateus Eduardo Romão, Ilaria Setti, Gill Thomson, Giorgia Alfano, Serena Barello","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Forensic doctors play a crucial role at the intersection of medicine and law, offering expertise in legal matters. However, their work exposes them to significant emotional and psychological stress, increasing the risk of burnout. Despite the critical nature of their profession, little research has explored how forensic doctors construct their professional identities, cope with work-related challenges, and make sense of their professional experiences. To address this gap, we adopted a life-history approach combined with interpretative phenomenological analysis to examine the subjective career trajectories and meaning-making processes of forensic doctors in Italy. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 participants, capturing their personal and professional histories. An in-depth analysis identified five key themes: (1) the nature of forensic medicine-participants used metaphors to describe the complexity, artistry, and investigative nature of their work; (2) the professional identity of forensic doctors-how they develop a sense of duty, ethical commitment, and professional resilience throughout their careers; (3) core resources needed to be a forensic doctor-the role of mentorship, specialized skills, and coping strategies in sustaining their careers; (4) what does death have to teach?-the personal impact of continuous exposure to death, shaping their perspectives on life and mortality; (5) esse cum-the challenges, stigma, and stereotypes forensic doctors face in their interactions with colleagues, legal professionals, and society. This study explores the professional identities and coping mechanisms of forensic doctors, revealing that despite facing stigma, emotional strain, and burnout, they find meaning in their work, emphasizing justice and resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144103275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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