Journal of forensic sciences最新文献_第8页

Evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay screening kits for the detection of nitazene analogs. 酶联免疫吸附法检测nitazene类似物筛选试剂盒的评价。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-15 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70052

Amanda L Pacana, Britni N Skillman

{"title":"Evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay screening kits for the detection of nitazene analogs.","authors":"Amanda L Pacana, Britni N Skillman","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70052","url":null,"abstract":"Nitazene analogs are a highly potent class of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) that were first identified in forensic casework in the United States in 2019. While enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) remains a prevalent screening tool in forensic toxicology laboratories, no nitazene-specific ELISA kits are commercially available, supporting the use of high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) methods as a more adaptable alternative for screening. However, even with the growth in popularity of HRMS techniques, it is important to understand the cross-reactivity of novel substances, such as nitazenes, with routinely used ELISA kits. Cross-reactivity is particularly important for forensic toxicology casework since it can impact the reliability of screening results, potentially leading to non-detection of novel substances or false-positive identifications in the presence of non-target analytes. This study tested the cross-reactivity of seven nitazene analogs (4'-OH nitazene, 5-methyl etodesnitazene, isotonitazene, metodesnitazene, N-piperidinyl etonitazene, N-pyrrolidino etonitazene, and protonitazene) in whole blood using 13 commercial ELISA kits from three manufacturers. Various drug/class kits were selected based on reported or potential co-positivity with nitazenes (opiates, opioids, fentanyl) or by structural similarities (LSD, zolpidem). Across tested concentrations for the seven selected analytes, none of the tested kits produced a signal sufficient for a positive result, confirming that their presence at these levels does not compromise the screening specificity of the target analytes. However, these findings highlight the need for laboratories to adopt mass spectral-based screening methods like HRMS or advocate for the development of nitazene-specific ELISA kits for effective nitazene analog screening.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144036039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Hawthorne effect in studies of firearm and toolmark examiners. 霍桑效应在枪械和工具痕迹检验研究中的应用。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70047

Nicholas Scurich, Thomas D Albright, Peter Stout, Donna Eudaley, Maddisen Neuman, Callan Hundl

{"title":"The Hawthorne effect in studies of firearm and toolmark examiners.","authors":"Nicholas Scurich, Thomas D Albright, Peter Stout, Donna Eudaley, Maddisen Neuman, Callan Hundl","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70047","url":null,"abstract":"The Hawthorne effect refers to the tendency of individuals to behave differently when they know they are being studied. In the forensic science domain, concerns have been raised about the \"strategic examiner,\" where the forensic examiner uses different decision thresholds depending on whether in a test situation or working on an actual case. The blind testing conducted by the Houston Forensic Science Center (\"HFSC\") in firearms examination presents a unique opportunity to test the hypothesis that the rate of inconclusive calls differs for discovered vs. undiscovered blind tests of firearm examination. Over 5 years, 529 test item comparisons were filtered into casework at the HFSC. The inconclusive rate for discovered items was 56.4%, while the inconclusive rate for undiscovered test items was 39.3%. Thus, the percentage of inconclusive calls was 43.5% higher among discovered test items than among undiscovered test items. This pattern of results held for bullet comparisons (83% vs. 59%) and cartridge case comparisons (29% vs. 20%) and for both same-source and different-source bullet and cartridge case comparisons. These findings corroborate concerns that examiners behave differently when they know they are being tested and demonstrate the necessity of blind testing if the research goal is to evaluate the performance of forensic examiners conducting casework.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144045415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identifying factors that help improve existing decomposition-based PMI estimation methods. 识别有助于改进现有基于分解的PMI估计方法的因素。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70046

Anna-Maria Nau, Phillip Ditto, Dawnie Wolfe Steadman, Audris Mockus

{"title":"Identifying factors that help improve existing decomposition-based PMI estimation methods.","authors":"Anna-Maria Nau, Phillip Ditto, Dawnie Wolfe Steadman, Audris Mockus","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70046","url":null,"abstract":"Accurately assessing the postmortem interval (PMI) remains a challenging task in forensic science. Existing regression models use the decomposition score to predict the PMI or accumulated degree days (ADD) but are often imprecise and rely on small sample sizes. This study explores if we can construct more accurate outdoor PMI estimation models using (a) a larger sample, (b) more sophisticated statistical models, and (c) additional predictors derived from demographic and environmental factors. Using a sample of 213 human subjects from a human decomposition photographic dataset collected at the [removed for double-blind review], we evaluated existing outdoor PMI and ADD formulae developed by Gelderman et al. [Int J Legal Med, 2018, 132, 863] and also developed more sophisticated models that incorporate additional predictors. Models using the total decomposition score (TDS), demographic factors (age, sex, and BMI), and weather-related factors (season and humidity history) reduced PMI and ADD prediction errors by over 50%. The best PMI model, incorporating TDS, demographic, and weather predictors, achieved an adjusted R-squared of 0.42 and an RMSE of 0.76. It had a 15% lower RMSE than the TDS-only model to predict PMI and a 54% lower RMSE than the pre-existing PMI formula. Similarly, the best ADD model, using the same predictors, achieved an adjusted R-squared of 0.54 and an RMSE of 0.73. It had a 10% lower RMSE than the TDS-only model to predict the ADD and a 55% lower RMSE than the pre-existing ADD formula. These results demonstrate that significant improvements in accuracy can be achieved using readily available predictors.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144061374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring female sexual offending with the concepts of hypersexuality and atypical psychotic disorder. 用性欲亢进和非典型精神病的概念探讨女性性侵犯。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70045

Mehmet Doğan, Muhammed Emin Boylu, İlker Taşdemir, Sefa Saygılı

{"title":"Exploring female sexual offending with the concepts of hypersexuality and atypical psychotic disorder.","authors":"Mehmet Doğan, Muhammed Emin Boylu, İlker Taşdemir, Sefa Saygılı","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70045","url":null,"abstract":"Sexual offending is often perceived as predominantly a male behavior. However, due to growing public interest in female criminality, research on female offenders is increasing. Sexual offending can be influenced by various factors, such as hypersexual disorder (HSD), or may be associated with psychiatric conditions like borderline personality disorder (BPD). In this case, a 46-year-old woman was charged with a sexual offense for engaging in sexual intercourse with four underage male adolescents. She had a medical history of mood disorder and alcohol abuse. During her psychiatric evaluation in our unit, it was observed that she exhibited poor self-care, appeared older than her age, had an inappropriate affect, and impoverished thought content. She was subsequently diagnosed with \"atypical psychosis\" and deemed not criminally responsible by the decision of the committee by majority vote. This case highlights that sexual abuse against children is much rarer among women compared to men. As the number of studies on this topic increases, our understanding will improve, providing guidance for preventing recidivism, and aiding in the treatment and appropriate reintegration of women who perpetrate sexual offenses into society.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144045375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ricochet of 9-mm luger bullets off plywood, medium-density fiberboard, and melamine board: An empirical investigation in aid of shooting reconstruction. 9毫米鲁格子弹在胶合板、中密度纤维板和三聚氰胺板上的跳弹：一种辅助射击重建的实证研究。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-09 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70032

Chamuddika Gamage, Bandula Nishshanka, Chris Shepherd, Randika Ariyarathna, Gayan Aravinda Abeygunawardane, Aruni Wijayath, Ridmi Maddumage

{"title":"Ricochet of 9-mm luger bullets off plywood, medium-density fiberboard, and melamine board: An empirical investigation in aid of shooting reconstruction.","authors":"Chamuddika Gamage, Bandula Nishshanka, Chris Shepherd, Randika Ariyarathna, Gayan Aravinda Abeygunawardane, Aruni Wijayath, Ridmi Maddumage","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70032","url":null,"abstract":"Ricochet is the glancing rebound of fired bullets from surfaces and is regularly reported during shooting incidents worldwide. Although existing scientific literature presents many ricochet-related empirical works in aid of shooting incident reconstructions, studies focusing on commonly used bullets ricocheting off modern target surfaces found in contemporary urban environments are still limited and continuously in demand. This empirical-based ricochet study presents exciting findings about the ricochet behavior of 9-mm luger bullets with the three most popular engineered wood types present in modern society: plywood, melamine, and medium-density fiberboard (MDF). To evaluate the ricochet behavior and impact evidence, two different mounted firearms, each discharging 9-mm luger bullets, were used to fire at engineered wood targets held at low angles to the impacting bullets. This study reports the first documented observation of a strong statistical relationship between the angles of incidence and ricochet during 9-mm luger bullet ricochet on plywood, melamine, and MDF. Evidence is also provided of a relationship between a bullet's angle of incidence and its corresponding ricochet marks on tested wood targets, not previously highlighted in wood-based bullet ricochet studies, and the critical angles reported for these engineered wood types ranged between 14 and 18 degrees. Additionally, the first observation of \"wood spalling\" during a ricochet event is presented, offering important insight into the process of bullets ricocheting off layered structures and being of great forensic significance for future scene reconstructions.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143813000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The October 7 forensic DNA identification operation: Lessons learned from the management of the largest mass causality event in Israel. 10月7日法医DNA鉴定行动：从以色列最大的大规模因果事件的管理中吸取的教训。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70037

Tanya Ram, Merav Amiel, Michal Shenfeld, Nurit Bublil

{"title":"The October 7 forensic DNA identification operation: Lessons learned from the management of the largest mass causality event in Israel.","authors":"Tanya Ram, Merav Amiel, Michal Shenfeld, Nurit Bublil","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70037","url":null,"abstract":"On October 7, 2023, the Hamas terrorist organization launched a surprise, violent attack on Israel, resulting in the largest mass casualty event in the country's history. A total of 1438 Israelis were murdered, and 255 individuals were taken hostage. Additionally, over 1600 perpetrators who infiltrated Israel were killed during defensive operations. The scale of the massacre, number of victims, severity of body damage, and sheer volume of remains posed an unprecedented forensic challenge. The Israel Defense Forces (IDF), Israel Police, and the National Center for Forensic Medicine led a multi-agency effort to identify the deceased. With thousands of remains from both victims and perpetrators intermingled, DNA played a pivotal role in the identification process. Between October and December 2023, forensic teams analyzed 4500 tissue samples, 630 bone samples, and 2600 reference samples, with all genetic profiles uploaded to the national DNA database for matching. The efficiency of this forensic operation is reflected in the 96% identification rate achieved within 3 weeks. However, the condition of the remains significantly impacted the complexity of the process, as severely burned and fragmented samples required multiple rounds of sampling and repeated DNA extractions to obtain viable genetic profiles. This article presents key lessons learned from managing DNA identification in the aftermath of October 7. It highlights the unique challenges faced and outlines strategies for effectively navigating mass casualty events. Our experience offers guidance for forensic agencies worldwide, aiming to enhance and refine DNA identification processes for handling complex Disaster Victim Identification (DVI) operations.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143805147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction to: Forensic investigation of a shawl linked to the "Jack the Ripper" murders. 更正：与“开膛手杰克”谋杀案有关的披肩的法医调查。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70041

引用次数: 0

Assessment of handheld Raman spectroscopy for forensic analysis of dark-colored bulk explosive fuel-oxidizer mixtures. 评估手持式拉曼光谱对深色散装爆炸物燃料-氧化剂混合物的法证分析。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70038

Lúcio Paulo Lima Logrado, Bruna Miguel Ferreira da Silva, Breno Amaro da Silveira Neto

{"title":"Assessment of handheld Raman spectroscopy for forensic analysis of dark-colored bulk explosive fuel-oxidizer mixtures.","authors":"Lúcio Paulo Lima Logrado, Bruna Miguel Ferreira da Silva, Breno Amaro da Silveira Neto","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70038","url":null,"abstract":"The field identification of explosives is critical for crime response, requiring specialized protocols and often the support of Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) teams to ensure safety. Handheld Raman spectrometers are widely used for this purpose due to their portability, nondestructive analysis, and ability to detect both organic and inorganic compounds with minimal sample preparation. However, their effectiveness is limited for dark-colored explosives-such as black powder, flash powder, and sulfur-chlorate explosives-commonly encountered in criminal activities. These mixtures pose unique challenges, including poor spectral quality caused by light absorption and the risk of ignition during direct analysis. This study addresses these challenges by introducing a simple and effective methodology for the safe identification of oxidizing salts in dark-colored fuel-oxidizer mixtures using handheld Raman spectrometers. The approach involves aqueous extraction followed by Raman analysis of the extract, improving safety and yielding reliable results by circumventing the limitations of direct solid analysis. Results confirmed that direct analysis of these mixtures is unsafe and ineffective, with three mixtures igniting during testing and others providing insufficient spectral data. In contrast, the aqueous extraction method enabled the successful identification of oxidizing salts in all tested samples using basic materials commonly found in crime scene kits. This technique supports field investigations, such as the seizure of suspected explosive materials, helping in decision-making during on-site investigations.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143775273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genotyping strategies for tissues fixed with various embalming fluids for human identification, databasing, and traceability. 用各种防腐液固定的组织的基因分型策略，用于人类识别、数据库和可追溯性。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15414

Madeline Ashton, Natalia Czado, Michelle Harrel, Sheree Hughes

{"title":"Genotyping strategies for tissues fixed with various embalming fluids for human identification, databasing, and traceability.","authors":"Madeline Ashton, Natalia Czado, Michelle Harrel, Sheree Hughes","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.15414","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.15414","url":null,"abstract":"Within anatomical willed body programs and skeletal collections, whole bodies and their disassociated limbs and organs are identified and tracked. However, if these tracking mechanisms fail, DNA recovered from the formalin-fixed tissues/organs could provide an additional layer of quality assurance. Embalming fluids preserve biological tissues; however, they also damage, fragment, and cross-link DNA and protein molecules. This project investigated the success of STR-typing from various soft tissue and bone samples that were fixed with embalming solutions with a range of formaldehyde concentrations. Formalin-fixed samples dissected from five cadavers, including skin, muscle, bone, heart, and kidney were used in Phase 1 of this study. In Phase 2, an additional 57 tissue samples from various embalmed organs and body parts were collected to demonstrate long-term fixation and direct applicability within a body donor program. DNA was extracted from the samples using the QIAamp® FFPE Tissue Kit (QIAGEN), quantified with the Investigator® QuantiPlex® Pro RGQ qPCR Kit (QIAGEN), and amplified using the Investigator® 24plex and 26plex QS Kits and the Investigator® DIPplex Kit (QIAGEN). The results show the DNA was severely damaged, degraded, and often in low amounts (after one year post-embalming). Sampling from skin and muscle tissues embalmed with ~2.5%-5% formaldehyde solutions appears to be the best strategy for identification, while also maintaining the preservation of the tissues. The results of this project can provide informative data when determining which genotyping strategy may be best suited for the identification, re-association, and establishment of a database for the provenance of formalin-fixed human remains.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71416309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0