Journal of forensic sciences最新文献_第7页

Optimizing amplification threshold of low template DNA. 优化低模板DNA的扩增阈值。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-18 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70044

Ayelet Ido, Lina Kirshenbaum, Ortal Waiskopf, Lev Voskoboinik

引用次数: 0

Identification of non-glandular trichome hairs in cannabis using vision-based deep learning methods. 使用基于视觉的深度学习方法识别大麻中的非腺毛。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-18 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70058

Alon Zvirin, Amitzur Shapira, Emma Attal, Tamar Gozlan, Arthur Soussan, Dafna De La Vega, Yehudit Harush, Ron Kimmel

{"title":"Identification of non-glandular trichome hairs in cannabis using vision-based deep learning methods.","authors":"Alon Zvirin, Amitzur Shapira, Emma Attal, Tamar Gozlan, Arthur Soussan, Dafna De La Vega, Yehudit Harush, Ron Kimmel","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70058","url":null,"abstract":"The detection of cannabis and cannabis-related products is a critical task for forensic laboratories and law enforcement agencies, given their harmful effects. Forensic laboratories analyze large quantities of plant material annually to identify genuine cannabis and its illicit substitutes. Ensuring accurate identification is essential for supporting judicial proceedings and combating drug-related crimes. The naked eye alone cannot distinguish between genuine cannabis and non-cannabis plant material that has been sprayed with synthetic cannabinoids, especially after distribution into the market. Reliable forensic identification typically requires two colorimetric tests (Duquenois-Levine and Fast Blue BB), as well as a drug laboratory expert test for affirmation or negation of cannabis hair (non-glandular trichomes), making the process time-consuming and resource-intensive. Here, we propose a novel deep learning-based computer vision method for identifying non-glandular trichome hairs in cannabis. A dataset of several thousand annotated microscope images was collected, including genuine cannabis and non-cannabis plant material apparently sprayed with synthetic cannabinoids. Ground-truth labels were established using three forensic tests, two chemical assays, and expert microscopic analysis, ensuring reliable classification. The proposed method demonstrated an accuracy exceeding 97% in distinguishing cannabis from non-cannabis plant material. These results suggest that deep learning can reliably identify non-glandular trichome hairs in cannabis based on microscopic trichome features, potentially reducing reliance on costly and time-consuming expert microscopic analysis. This framework provides forensic departments and law enforcement agencies with an efficient and accurate tool for identifying non-glandular trichome hairs in cannabis, supporting efforts to combat illicit drug trafficking.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144059041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inter-laboratory variation in interpretations, comparisons, and statistical analyses of DNA mixtures. DNA混合物的解释、比较和统计分析的实验室间差异。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-18 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70048

R Austin Hicklin, Nicole Richetelli, Robert A Bever, Jonathan M Davoren

{"title":"Inter-laboratory variation in interpretations, comparisons, and statistical analyses of DNA mixtures.","authors":"R Austin Hicklin, Nicole Richetelli, Robert A Bever, Jonathan M Davoren","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70048","url":null,"abstract":"DNAmix2021 was a large-scale inter-laboratory study conducted to assess variation in interpretations, comparisons, and statistical analyses of DNA mixtures. Analyses were based on 765 responses by 106 participants from 52 labs. Eight distinct DNA mixtures were created, each of which was provided to participants as a contributor packet (the person of interest (POI) was in the mixture), or as a non-contributor packet (the POI was NOT in the mixture). Accuracy on contributor packets was notably associated with the percent of DNA contributed by the POI: packets in which the POI contributed less than 8% of the DNA (≤25 pg) had much higher rates of false exclusions (contrary to ground truth) and indeterminate responses, compared to packets in which the POI contributed more DNA. A lab's ability to discern a low-level contributor is largely a function of its operating procedures: the community may wish to consider whether the exclusion of very low-level contributors can or should be considered incorrect. Most false inclusions were reported on one non-contributor packet that had high allele sharing with a POI that was a sibling of a contributor to the mixture. Most false exclusions and false inclusions were associated with incorrect estimates of the number of contributors. The few false inclusions may also be explained as a combination of inclusions without supporting statistics and/or not conditioning on reference profiles. The only likelihood ratios indicating very strong support that were contrary to ground truth were on contributor packets with a low proportion of the DNA contributed by the POI.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144059205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Estimation of postmortem submersion interval using total aquatic decomposition scores of human cadavers from Punjab. 用旁遮普人类尸体的总水生分解分数估计死后淹没间隔。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-18 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70040

Chitra Jangid, Jyoti Dalal, Kiran Kumari Malik

{"title":"Estimation of postmortem submersion interval using total aquatic decomposition scores of human cadavers from Punjab.","authors":"Chitra Jangid, Jyoti Dalal, Kiran Kumari Malik","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70040","url":null,"abstract":"Estimation of the postmortem submersion interval (PMSI) using total aquatic decomposition scores (TADS) has shown considerable promise in recent forensic research. Since decomposition is a time- and temperature-dependent process, the Accumulated Degree Day (ADD) of water has been linked with TADS to improve the accuracy of PMSI estimations. Expanding research across diverse geographical areas and aquatic environments (lentic, lotic, freshwater, and saltwater) is essential to enhance the reliability and applicability of scoring methods. This study analyzed 50 cases from different districts of Punjab, with TADS ranging from 4 to 22, calculated using Heaton et al.'s method. These scores corresponded to various decomposition stages, with 22 cases in the early floating stage (ADD: 9.79-104.54), 21 cases in the floating decay stage (ADD: 104.54-459.33), and 7 cases in the advanced floating decay stage (ADD: 617.58-2018.19). Furthermore, a robust correlation between TADS and PMSI (R2 = 0.925, p < 0.001) confirms the reliability of TADS in estimating PMSI. The established regression equation, <math> <semantics><mrow><mtext>PMSI</mtext> <mspace></mspace> <mo>=</mo> <mspace></mspace> <msup><mn>10</mn> <mfenced><mrow><mo>-</mo> <mn>0.160</mn> <mspace></mspace> <mo>+</mo> <mspace></mspace> <mn>0.07316</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mtext>TADS</mtext></mrow> </mfenced> </msup> </mrow> <annotation>$$ mathrm{PMSI}kern0.5em =kern0.5em {10}^{left(-0.160kern0.5em +kern0.5em 0.07316times mathrm{TADS}right)} $$</annotation></semantics> </math> , provides a predictive tool for PMSI estimation. The findings suggest that TADS is a reliable indicator of PMSI and can be effectively applied in subtropical climates. The established regression equations provide a practical tool for estimating PMSI in human remains recovered from regions with similar climatic conditions.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144045372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Systematic analysis of population studies performed with the ForenSeq™ DNA Signature Prep kit. 使用ForenSeq™DNA签名准备试剂盒进行人群研究的系统分析。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-18 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70057

Donna-Lee Pamela Martin, Laura Jane Heathfield

{"title":"Systematic analysis of population studies performed with the ForenSeq™ DNA Signature Prep kit.","authors":"Donna-Lee Pamela Martin, Laura Jane Heathfield","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70057","url":null,"abstract":"Many forensic laboratories have conducted sequence-based population studies to support the integration of massively parallel sequencing (MPS). However, the data remain limited concerning African populations. MPS enhances allelic representation compared to CE methods. It is hypothesized that this increase will be more pronounced for African populations due to their greater genetic diversity. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to compile data from population genetic studies using the ForenSeq™ DNA Signature Prep kit, frequently employed in forensic MPS population studies. The aim of the review was to gain insight into global forensic sequence-based population data, focusing on African and underrepresented populations. The search spanned three databases, resulting in 582 records, where 40 articles met inclusion criteria for the systematic review and 20 qualified for the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis aimed to quantify the increase in genetic variation in autosomal short tandem repeat (A-STR) markers using allele counts and random match probability (RMP). Most population studies were conducted in high-income countries (65%, 26/40), with none from Africa. Only 14 out of 40 studies included concordance data, with 13 of these reporting rates above 99%. The meta-analysis covered 35 population groups and found that of the 27 A-STR markers evaluated, mean allele counts increased by 53.08% from length-to-sequence-based analyses. African ancestry groups showed the highest increase in allele counts and the biggest reduction in RMP. Despite substantial genetic diversity in African populations, their representation in MPS studies is minimal. Addressing this gap is crucial to justify further research in African countries.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144032960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characteristics of hemorrhages located at the origin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle in suicidal hangings: A retrospective autopsy study. 自杀悬吊中胸锁乳突肌起源处出血的特征：回顾性尸检研究。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-18 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70050

Aleksa Leković, Slobodan Nikolić

{"title":"Characteristics of hemorrhages located at the origin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle in suicidal hangings: A retrospective autopsy study.","authors":"Aleksa Leković, Slobodan Nikolić","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70050","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to determine the incidence, distribution, and relation to the knot in a noose position of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle origin hemorrhages in hangings and to assess their occurrence regarding the subjects' major anthropometric characteristics. A retrospective study on 126 cases of suicidal hangings was conducted. Data on the subject's age, body weight and height, thyrohyoid and cervical spine fractures, and presence and distribution of SCM muscle origin hemorrhages were collected. The SCM muscle origin hemorrhage distribution regarding the knot position was analyzed by descriptive statistics and comparing characteristics between typical and atypical hangings, anterior and lateral hangings, and left and right lateral hangings. Median age was 55 years (17-94), body weight was 70.0 kg (40-125), body height was 176.0 cm (145-205). The hemorrhages were present in 108 (85.7%) cases. Bilateral hemorrhages were most common in the anterior knot position (5 of 7 cases, 71.4%), followed by the posterior knot position (N = 33, 53.2%). Unilateral SCM muscle origin hemorrhage was most common in lateral knot positions (N = 20, 35.1%). In lateral hangings, left SCM muscle origin hemorrhage (aOR = 5.76, 95% CI 1.64-20.19) and absence of right SCM muscle origin hemorrhage (aOR = 6.06 95% CI 1.48-24.78) were significantly associated with the left side of the knot. Body weight (≥67.5 kg) was a significant predictor of these hemorrhages (AUC = 0.639, p < 0.05, sensitivity 62.0%, specificity 66.7%). Hemorrhages at the origin of SCM muscles are a common autopsy finding in suicidal hangings, and knot position impacts their occurrence and distribution.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144015883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Portable Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and machine learning for sex determination in third instar Chrysomya rufifacies larvae. 便携式傅里叶变换红外光谱和机器学习在三龄金蝇幼虫性别鉴定中的应用。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-18 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70054

Aidan P Holman, Davis N Pickett, Hunter West, Aaron M Tarone, Dmitry Kurouski

{"title":"Portable Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and machine learning for sex determination in third instar Chrysomya rufifacies larvae.","authors":"Aidan P Holman, Davis N Pickett, Hunter West, Aaron M Tarone, Dmitry Kurouski","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70054","url":null,"abstract":"Forensic entomology is crucial in medicolegal investigations, utilizing insects-primarily flies-to estimate a supplemental post-mortem interval based on their development at the (death) scene. This estimation can be influenced by extrinsic factors like temperature and humidity, as well as intrinsic factors such as species and sex. Previously, benchtop Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy coupled with machine learning demonstrated high accuracy in distinguishing the sex of third instar Cochliomyia macellaria larvae. This study leverages benchtop- and handheld-based FTIR spectroscopy combined with machine learning models-Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLSDA), eXtreme Gradient Boosting trees Discriminant Analysis (XGBDA), and Artificial Neural Networks Discriminant Analysis (ANNDA)-to differentiate between male and female Chrysomya rufifacies larvae, commonly found on human remains. Significant vibrational differences were detected in the mid-infrared spectra of third instar Ch. rufifacies larvae, with a majority of peaks showing a higher abundance of proteins, lipids, and hydrocarbons in male larvae. PLSDA and ANNDA models developed using benchtop FTIR data achieved high external validation accuracies of approximately 90% and 94.5%, respectively, when tested with handheld FTIR data. This nondestructive approach offers the potential to refine supplemental post-mortem interval estimations significantly, enhancing the accuracy of forensic analyses of entomological evidence.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144029702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Of rodents and foxes: Faunal activity and scavenging at carcasses in a Central European (Swiss) forest. 啮齿动物和狐狸：中欧（瑞士）森林中的动物群活动和食腐尸体。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-18 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70056

Lara Indra, Valentin Moser, Marco Milella, David Errickson, Sandra Lösch

{"title":"Of rodents and foxes: Faunal activity and scavenging at carcasses in a Central European (Swiss) forest.","authors":"Lara Indra, Valentin Moser, Marco Milella, David Errickson, Sandra Lösch","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70056","url":null,"abstract":"Vertebrate activity can significantly affect forensic investigations. Trauma interpretation is impaired when vertebrates scavenge on injuries and inflict damage, and scavengers can hinder the recovery of human remains through dispersal. However, forensic scavenging research is scarce in Europe and lacking for Switzerland. We conducted a 2-month baseline study followed by a 5-month experiment with six domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) carcasses in a Swiss forest during summer through fall. We monitored each three caged and uncaged carcasses with camera traps and documented vertebrate activities and taphonomic signatures on the remains and calculated the scavenging rate. Rodents (Apodemus sylvaticus, A. flavicollis, and Myodes glareolus) and red fox (Vulpes vulpes) scavenged and dispersed the remains. All carcasses and ca. 4% of the recovered bones exhibited scavenging marks, including wet bone scavenging (rodents) mainly on small bones and protruding features, and scoring (red fox) on a rib. The presence of a carcass, decomposition stage, sun exposure, and use of cages significantly influenced the number of vertebrate visits at the plots. Rodents preferentially scavenged caged, skeletonized remains at tree-covered plots and modified perimortem wounds beyond recognition. The few carnivore sightings focused on uncaged specimens. The generally low scavenger participation was likely season-related, due to the rapid maggot infestation, or human presence. Future studies should evaluate the influence of these variables, including sun exposure. Our study informs forensic casework by highlighting the importance of rodents and to a lesser degree foxes as vertebrate scavengers and dispersal agents in central European temperate forests.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144061103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing the effectiveness of alternate light sources in the search for skeletal remains. 评估替代光源在寻找骨骼残骸中的有效性。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70049

Olivia L Thompson, James A Russell, Stephen K Stockman, Jenise L Swall, Tal Simmons

{"title":"Assessing the effectiveness of alternate light sources in the search for skeletal remains.","authors":"Olivia L Thompson, James A Russell, Stephen K Stockman, Jenise L Swall, Tal Simmons","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70049","url":null,"abstract":"Many search and recovery operations for human skeletal remains are unsuccessful due to difficulties recognizing bones in outdoor environments even when evidence indicates the last known whereabouts of missing individuals. Though the collagen component of bone is known to emit fluorescence, this property has not been leveraged consistently during skeletal remains searches. Thirty-six mock searches were completed in 5000 ft2 zones of eastern deciduous forest by volunteers associated with the Virginia Department of Emergency Management. Pig and deer bones were scattered and partially concealed under brush and leaf cover. Pairs of volunteers were allowed up to 1 h to conduct searches in their usual pattern. Nighttime searches were conducted with handheld alternate light source (ALS) devices (uvBeast™, Crime-lite®, ForenScope, and Labino AB), which produced ultraviolet (385-395 nm), violet (395-425 nm), blue (~455 nm), cyan (~510 nm), or green (~530 nm) lights. Filtered safety glasses were paired with appropriate ALS. Daytime searches were conducted under the same parameters, without ALS. Results indicated that (1) nighttime searches with ALS produced a recovery rate more than triple that of daytime searches (p < 0.0001) and that they were often completed more quickly, and (2) the violet Crime-lite®, due to breadth of illumination and strength of fluorescent response, consistently produced the highest recovery rate (95%). Data suggest that nighttime searches with ALS can be used both as the primary search method for locating and recovering human skeletal remains, and as a secondary method for recovering any bones expected to be present but not found during daylight searches.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144059140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction to "Sickle cell trait in non-firearm arrest-related deaths of Black persons". 更正“黑人非枪支逮捕相关死亡的镰状细胞特征”。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-15 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70051

引用次数: 0