Journal of forensic sciences最新文献_第7页

Automated particle analysis of D.B. Cooper's tie. d。b。库珀领带的自动微粒分析。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-28 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70372

Thomas G Kaye, Kent L Rhodes

{"title":"Automated particle analysis of D.B. Cooper's tie.","authors":"Thomas G Kaye, Kent L Rhodes","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70372","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.70372","url":null,"abstract":"Automated particle analysis (APA) using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS) is a well-known method in forensics, especially as it is applied to gunshot residue analysis. Here we describe the analysis of particles lifted from D.B. Cooper's tie, which was left on the hijacked plane in 1971. A Tescan MIRA4 SEM was used to locate, image, and analyze ~180,000 particles on a single 12-mm SEM stub used to sample the Cooper tie. Initial analysis of the data for unusual or distinctive elemental compositions found many interesting particles, including titanium-antimony, silver-mercury, gold-palladium, and uranium. Due to the short acquisition times in APA, elemental detection is limited to major and some minor elements. Therefore, it is crucial to relocate particles of interest for deeper analysis by SEM-EDS. Particle identifications can be confirmed or revised after consideration of longer count time EDS spectra and more detailed SEM imaging. The types and quantities of particles found on the Cooper tie suggest specialty metals (titanium, gold-palladium, mercury-silver, tungsten-cobalt) and industrial facilities (industrial aluminosilicate minerals) as possible associations. Although some previously identified materials of interest were not supported by the 2024 reanalysis results, other new targets of interest were identified. In particular, the mineral particles on the tie may offer a fresh look into Cooper's geographic locality and activities. This work also highlights the forensic value of a tie as an unwashed particle reservoir.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":"2439-2447"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13534876/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148059116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sharp force trauma analysis without animal bones: A proposal for sustainable and ethical bone proxies. 没有动物骨骼的锐器创伤分析：可持续和道德骨骼代理的建议。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-02 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70402

Beth Lawrence, Giada Sciâdi Steiger, Matteo Borrini

{"title":"Sharp force trauma analysis without animal bones: A proposal for sustainable and ethical bone proxies.","authors":"Beth Lawrence, Giada Sciâdi Steiger, Matteo Borrini","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70402","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.70402","url":null,"abstract":"Sharp force trauma has been the leading cause of homicide in England and Wales for more than a decade. Experimental research on sharp force trauma frequently relies on animal bone as a substitute for human remains, yet their ethical acceptability and comparability to human bone remain contested. This study aims to identify non-animal proxy materials capable of replicating the morphological characteristics of cut marks typically observed in porcine bones. A total of 250 cuts were made on pig ribs and on several proxy materials (paraffin, restoration compound, plaster, and beeswax) using a serrated knife. Six morphological traits were then recorded following the analytical framework proposed by Steiger and Borrini (J Forensic Sci, 2024;69:1972). Chi-squared tests of independence and mixed-model analyses demonstrated that different proxy materials vary in their suitability for specific traits, and that among all tested materials, beeswax most closely replicated porcine bone in the context of cut marks produced with a serrated blade. Considering the ethical implications of using animal bone, this research proposes sustainable, cruelty-free alternatives for experimental and educational purposes. Their adoption reflects contemporary ethical awareness regarding animal use in science and promotes ecological and economic sustainability through reusability.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":"2334-2344"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13534951/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148379035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cold storage effects on immature calliphoridae: Survival limits and forensic consequences for PMI estimation. 冷库对未成熟栉蝇科的影响：生存限制和PMI估算的法医后果。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-29 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70356

Larissa Thans Carneiro, Janyra Oliveira-Costa, Márcia Souto Couri

{"title":"Cold storage effects on immature calliphoridae: Survival limits and forensic consequences for PMI estimation.","authors":"Larissa Thans Carneiro, Janyra Oliveira-Costa, Márcia Souto Couri","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70356","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.70356","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the effects of continuous refrigeration (4°C ± 2°C and 50% ± 5% RH) on the development and survival of immature stages (eggs, first, second, and third instar larvae, and pupae) of four forensically important blowfly species (Chrysomya megacephala, Chrysomya putoria, Hemilucilia segmentaria, and Lucilia cuprina) compared to a control group (27°C ± 2°C and 50% ± 5% RH). Groups of approximately 500 individuals at each stage were exposed to refrigeration and the control treatment, with periodic verifications to assess development and survival. Statistical analysis (two-way ANOVA and Šidák posthoc test) revealed significant differences (p < .0001) in development time and survival between the groups. Eggs and first instar larvae did not survive longer than 36 h under refrigeration. Third instar larvae showed greater resistance, with L. cuprina surviving for up to 612 h, entering quiescence without molting. The results highlight the significant impact of refrigeration on the development of these warm-climate species, warning against potential imprecisions in time of colonization (TOC) estimations and, consequently, in postmortem interval (PMI) if refrigeration effects are not considered. The research emphasizes the need for species-specific data and caution when applying linear development models in forensic entomology, especially in cases involving refrigeration.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":"2395-2404"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13534860/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147793089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Determination of mitragynine concentrations in medicolegal death investigations at the Oklahoma Office of the Chief Medical Examiner from 2022 to 2023. 2022年至2023年俄克拉何马州首席法医办公室法医死亡调查中米特拉吉九浓度的测定

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-28 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70370

Rachael S Kliewer, Jesse M Kemp, Kacey D Cliburn, Thomas H Jourdan

{"title":"Determination of mitragynine concentrations in medicolegal death investigations at the Oklahoma Office of the Chief Medical Examiner from 2022 to 2023.","authors":"Rachael S Kliewer, Jesse M Kemp, Kacey D Cliburn, Thomas H Jourdan","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70370","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.70370","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of mitragynine, the major psychoactive component in kratom, has increased in forensic toxicology casework due to its current legal status and ease of accessibility in local shops and the online community. This study presents 28 death investigation cases from 2022 to 2023 in Oklahoma including mitragynine concentrations alongside case demographics, pathological findings, and additional toxicological results. Quantitative results for mitragynine in heart blood, femoral blood, and liver were obtained by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS) following supported liquid extraction. Postmortem heart blood concentrations ranged from 130 to 2600 ng/mL with a mean of 735 ng/mL and a median of 550 ng/mL. Postmortem femoral blood concentration ranged from 130 to 7500 ng/mL with a mean of 900 ng/mL and a median of 570 ng/mL. Postmortem redistribution ratios were determined for 25 cases that had paired central and peripheral samples (range 0.31-1.86) and for 20 cases that had paired peripheral and liver samples (range 0.86-9.70). Overall central to peripheral and liver to peripheral ratios suggest mitragynine exhibits minimal postmortem redistribution, although a few individual cases demonstrated variability. Twenty-two cases listed mitragynine in the cause of death with 21 of those cases including at least one other drug detected and reported on the death certificate. The data presented shows the importance of quantifying mitragynine in medicolegal death investigations to aid in cause and manner of death determination.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":"2305-2312"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13534950/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148059161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

New York State's evidential oral fluid testing program. 纽约州的证据口服液检测项目。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-19 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70394

Jennifer F Limoges, Dustin L Abbott, Dayna L McDonough, Seth J Tracy

{"title":"New York State's evidential oral fluid testing program.","authors":"Jennifer F Limoges, Dustin L Abbott, Dayna L McDonough, Seth J Tracy","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70394","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.70394","url":null,"abstract":"Oral fluid is a viable alternative to traditional sample matrices used in driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) casework. Oral fluid offers several advantages including rapid collection relative to the time of incident, ease of collection, and the ability to detect all routinely encountered drugs of abuse. In July of 2024, the New York State Police (NYSP) implemented a statewide evidentiary oral fluid program following the successful completion of a nine-month pilot study. The pilot consisted of 201 paired oral fluid-blood samples which showed an overall correlation rate of 96%. Ninety-three of the paired samples showed additional positives in the oral fluid that were not detected in the blood, including 21 6-acetylmorphine positives, making oral fluid especially valuable in the investigation of heroin use. In the first year of casework submissions following the pilot study, 703 oral fluid samples were submitted to the laboratory (27% of total samples), and this number has continued to rise as agencies throughout the state have embraced the new sample type. This article details the overall testing scheme and analytical methods used by the NYSP Forensic Investigation Center for the analysis of oral fluid, as well as blood testing methods in place during the pilot study. Data from the pilot program and the first year of oral fluid casework are presented, along with implementation strategies that engage all stakeholders. This may serve as a resource for other agencies looking to implement evidential oral fluid testing for DUID investigations.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":"2313-2321"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13534961/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148285006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction to "Development and evaluation of an iodoplatinate-based strip-type kit for on-site drug screening in beverages". 修正“饮料现场药物筛选碘铂基试纸试剂盒的研制与评价”。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-02 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70396

引用次数: 0

Estimation of postmortem submersion interval based on microbial community composition in human remains recovered from aquatic environments. 基于水生环境中人类遗骸微生物群落组成的死后淹没间隔估计。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-06 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70399

Chitra Jangid, Kiran Kumari, Rajiv Joshi, Mohd Hamza, Jyoti Dalal

{"title":"Estimation of postmortem submersion interval based on microbial community composition in human remains recovered from aquatic environments.","authors":"Chitra Jangid, Kiran Kumari, Rajiv Joshi, Mohd Hamza, Jyoti Dalal","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70399","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.70399","url":null,"abstract":"Estimating the postmortem submersion interval (PMSI) remains a major challenge in forensic science. Although microbiome-based approaches to postmortem interval estimation have advanced considerably in recent years, studies focusing specifically on aquatic environments, particularly involving human remains and region-specific conditions, remain limited. This study aimed to investigate microbial community composition in human remains recovered from freshwater ecosystems using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and to evaluate the potential use of stage-associated microbial community patterns for estimating PMSI. Gut swabs and rib bones were collected to study the changes in the bacterial community with time. To estimate PMSI, we established regression models using random forest algorithms based on postmortem microbial community composition. The full model, incorporating 1129 bacterial genera, explained 40.4% of the variance in PMSI estimation. Furthermore, we identified 15 key genera and aquatic-specific biomarkers to construct a simplified predictive model, which significantly improved performance, explaining 81.8% of the variance with a mean absolute error of 2.66 days. To our knowledge, this study represents one of the first investigations in India to characterize microbial community composition in human cadavers recovered from freshwater environments. This research provides evidence that microbial community composition and stage-associated bacterial patterns serve as valuable biological markers for estimating PMSI in corpses recovered from aquatic habitats, offering a robust tool for forensic investigations involving submerged remains.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":"2254-2267"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13534955/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148400218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Differentiating intentional ketamine use from unintentional exposure as an adulterant using oral fluid testing. 通过口服液检测区分有意使用氯胺酮和无意接触氯胺酮。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-19 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70391

Joseph J Palamar, Alex J Krotulski, Nina Abukahok, Patricia Acosta, Sara E Walton, Brianna Stang, Charles M Cleland

{"title":"Differentiating intentional ketamine use from unintentional exposure as an adulterant using oral fluid testing.","authors":"Joseph J Palamar, Alex J Krotulski, Nina Abukahok, Patricia Acosta, Sara E Walton, Brianna Stang, Charles M Cleland","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70391","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.70391","url":null,"abstract":"Recreational ketamine use and related adverse outcomes have been increasing; however, correct diagnostic classification of quantitative oral fluid test results remains challenging, considering the potential for unintentional exposure to ketamine as an adulterant in other drugs. We surveyed and collected oral fluid from 1819 adults entering nightclubs and compared detection results with past 24-h self-reported ketamine use. Other drug use (based on detection and on self-reported past 24-h use) was considered a risk factor for unintentional ketamine exposure as an adulterant. Oral fluid specimens were analyzed via liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. 10.8% of participants reported past 24-h ketamine use, 23.7% tested positive for ketamine (≥ 1 ng/mL), and 10.9% tested positive for norketamine (≥ 1 ng/mL). 46.0% tested positive for drugs other than ketamine, primarily cocaine. Among those testing positive for ketamine (n = 431), 41.5% reported past 24-h use. Among these cases, the optimal ketamine concentration cut-point for predicting self-report was ≥ 18 ng/mL. In analyses using the full sample (n = 1819) and a subsample with data on past 48-h use (n = 795), optimal cut-points were ≥ 2 ng/mL and ≥ 5 ng/mL, respectively. However, norketamine detection was the strongest predictor of self-reported use across the full sample and subsamples examined. Using self-report as the comparison, norketamine detection most accurately classified reported use; however, relying solely on higher concentration thresholds of ketamine or norketamine detection alone may lead to underdetection in some cases. Findings indicate the importance of carefully selected biological markers and thresholds when interpreting oral fluid results in settings where adulterant exposure is common.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":"2322-2333"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13286244/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148285038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Homicide-suicide in three regions of the Czech Republic: A retrospective autopsy-based study (1998-2023). 捷克共和国三个地区的杀人-自杀：一项基于尸体解剖的回顾性研究（1998-2023）。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-19 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70392

Václav Svrchokryl, Adriana Gavronová, Lukáš Hamerlik, Veronika Králíková, Martin Dobiáš, Petr Handlos, Vítězslav Maier

{"title":"Homicide-suicide in three regions of the Czech Republic: A retrospective autopsy-based study (1998-2023).","authors":"Václav Svrchokryl, Adriana Gavronová, Lukáš Hamerlik, Veronika Králíková, Martin Dobiáš, Petr Handlos, Vítězslav Maier","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70392","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.70392","url":null,"abstract":"Homicide-suicide (H-S) is a rare but highly consequential form of fatal violence in which one or more homicides are followed by the perpetrator's suicide. Although H-S has been reported in several countries, systematic forensic data from the Czech Republic remain limited. This retrospective autopsy-based study analyzed H-S cases recorded in three regions of the eastern Czech Republic between 1998 and 2023 to characterize their epidemiological, medicolegal, and toxicological features. Variables were extracted from autopsy reports, police findings, and toxicological reports. Cases were classified according to the typology proposed by Marzuk et al. A total of 39 H-S incidents involving 108 decedents were identified, corresponding to a mean annual incidence of 0.06 incidents per 100,000 inhabitants. Intimate partner H-S was the most frequent subtype (46.2%), followed by familial (33.3%) and extrafamilial (20.5%) incidents. Perpetrators were predominantly male (92.3%); female perpetrators were younger and occurred exclusively in filicide-suicide cases. Firearms were the leading lethal mechanism, and method concordance between homicide and suicide was observed in 61.5% of incidents. Ethanol was detected in 11 of 39 perpetrators (28.2%) and in 9 of 69 victims (13.0%). Jealousy or revenge was the most commonly recorded motive in intimate partner and extrafamilial incidents, whereas altruistic motives were more prominent in familial cases. These findings are consistent with international patterns and indicate that H-S prevention requires multidisciplinary strategies focused on domestic violence escalation, mental health crisis intervention, firearm access assessment, and substance use as a contextual factor rather than a demonstrated causal factor.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":"2229-2239"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13534912/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148284969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Authors' response. 作者的回应。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-30 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70389

Peter D Maskell, Alanna de Korompay

引用次数: 0