Journal of forensic sciences最新文献_第6页

The effect of cone beam computed tomography voxel size on age estimation: A three-dimensional surface area analysis study. 锥束计算机断层扫描体素大小对年龄估计的影响：一个三维表面积分析研究。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-07-20 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70129

Meghna Gohain, Muhammad Khan Asif, Phrabhakaran Nambiar, Amir Hazwan Abdul Rahim, Nora Sakina Mohd Noor, Norliza Ibrahim

{"title":"The effect of cone beam computed tomography voxel size on age estimation: A three-dimensional surface area analysis study.","authors":"Meghna Gohain, Muhammad Khan Asif, Phrabhakaran Nambiar, Amir Hazwan Abdul Rahim, Nora Sakina Mohd Noor, Norliza Ibrahim","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70129","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate three-dimensional (3D) age estimation relies on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) image quality. This study investigated the effect of voxel size on age estimation using 3D surface area analysis (3D SAA) of developing tooth apices from different CBCT systems. CBCT scans of 128 developing maxillary second premolars from children aged 7-14 years of Malay and Chinese ethnicities were retrospectively collected using a voxel size of 76 μm. The surface area of the developing apex was measured using the 3D SAA method. A previously developed regression formula, based on 300 μm voxel size data, was applied to calculate the mean absolute error (MAE) for the 76 μm voxel data. A strong negative correlation (r = 0.960) was found between chronological age (CA) and root surface area of apex (RSAA). An MAE value of 0.51 was obtained, demonstrating the high accuracy of the existing regression model. RSAA and root development status significantly contributed to age estimation (p < 0.05), except for sex (p = 0.37) and ethnicity (p = 0.49). No significant differences in the correlation strength between CA and RSAA (p = 0.09), the correlation coefficient (p = 0.08), and the MAE values (p = 0.13) were observed when tested against the previous 300 μm findings. This study demonstrated that the 3D SAA-based age estimation model performs consistently across both voxel sizes. As smaller voxel sizes did not significantly improve accuracy, the use of larger voxel sizes may be preferred to reduce radiation exposure, especially in pediatric populations.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144677079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Selection of microhaplotype loci and development of panel for forensic application. 微单倍型位点的选择及法医用板的研制。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-07-18 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70139

Jing Zhou, Shuai Zhang, Yan Wang, Zhixi Lu, Zhangsen Shi, Huayan Zheng, Weizhong Gu, Enping Xu

{"title":"Selection of microhaplotype loci and development of panel for forensic application.","authors":"Jing Zhou, Shuai Zhang, Yan Wang, Zhixi Lu, Zhangsen Shi, Huayan Zheng, Weizhong Gu, Enping Xu","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70139","url":null,"abstract":"Microhaplotypes have gained significant attention in forensic genetics research due to their advantageous characteristics, including low mutation rates, absence of stutter products, short fragment lengths, and high polymorphism. These features position them as promising tools for various forensic applications. In this study, using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform, a 29-plex microhaplotype (MH) panel was developed for the Chinese Han population. The panel's forensic utility was systematically evaluated across multiple applications, including paternity testing, individual identification, population analysis, and mixture analysis. In a cohort of 444 Chinese Han individuals, the panel exhibited robust performance: the average effective number of alleles (Ae) was 3.2938, and the total discrimination power (TDP) and the cumulative power of exclusion (CPE) reached 0.9999999999999999999999926 and 0.9999998228, respectively, demonstrating its high informativeness for individual identification and paternity testing. Simulated pairing analysis showed comparable efficacy to traditional STR systems in paternity testing. Excluding six microhaplotypes not included in 1000 Genomes, the remaining 23 microhaplotypes can effectively distinguish the five populations and can be used for population analysis. The observed allele coverage ratios closely matched expected values in artificial mixtures tested, indicating that the panel could play a complementary role in mixture analysis. A consistency rate of 98.5% was observed in paired normal/tumor samples, indicating potential for assisting tumor origin identification. In conclusion, the developed 29-plex microhaplotype panel offers significant value for forensic applications, including individual identification, paternity testing, population analysis, and supplementary roles in mixture/tumor sample analysis. This study establishes a novel and effective tool for forensic genetic practice.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144669180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Forensic analysis of cigarette tipping papers using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and chemometrics. 利用ATR-FTIR光谱和化学计量学对卷烟纸进行法医分析。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70138

Nisha Rani, Chongtham Nimi, Rajinder Singh

{"title":"Forensic analysis of cigarette tipping papers using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and chemometrics.","authors":"Nisha Rani, Chongtham Nimi, Rajinder Singh","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70138","url":null,"abstract":"Cigarettes are addictive in nature and smokers over time develop a preference toward smoking a particular brand. Therefore, identification and discrimination of different brands could be important during forensic investigations. It could serve as corroborative evidence not only in cases of physical and sexual assaults, theft, burglary, and dacoity but also in cases of illegal trading and smuggling of illicit and counterfeit cigarettes. Whenever a cigarette (smoked or unsmoked) is recovered as evidence, the tipping paper would always be present as it is a part of cigarette butts. Thus, in the present study, 21 brands of cigarette tipping paper have been analyzed by conjugating attenuated total reflectance - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with chemometrics for brand discrimination and determination of geographical origin. Brand discrimination was performed using the support vector machine method and samples were discriminated with 100% training and validation accuracy. External validation was also performed where normal white and brown papers have been differentiated from tipping paper with 100% accuracy. Additionally, the geographical origin of samples was determined through PLS-DA with an R-square value of 0.998. Smoked samples were successfully linked with the unsmoked sample when projected to the already-built SVM model. 100% accuracy was achieved till 1 week; however, the accuracy was reduced to 71.42% after 1 week. This study proposes an alternative approach for analyzing cigarettes in a nondestructive and eco-friendly manner to highlight and amplify the potential of cigarettes as evidence.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144651610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Source discrimination of colchicine based on carbon stable isotope analysis. 基于碳稳定同位素分析的秋水仙碱来源鉴别。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70134

Hanyang Zheng, Jun Zhu, Zhuotong Cai, Zhaowei Jie, Wei Wang, Hanyu Zhang, Can Hu, Hongling Guo, Hongcheng Mei

{"title":"Source discrimination of colchicine based on carbon stable isotope analysis.","authors":"Hanyang Zheng, Jun Zhu, Zhuotong Cai, Zhaowei Jie, Wei Wang, Hanyu Zhang, Can Hu, Hongling Guo, Hongcheng Mei","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70134","url":null,"abstract":"Colchicine, a highly toxic alkaloid, has been frequently employed as a poisoning agent in criminal cases. Toxicant source tracing represents a critical research direction in forensic science, where the discrimination of colchicine origins holds particular significance for chemical fingerprint identification in poisoning incidents. The stable isotopic signature of colchicine serves as a crucial indicator for source comparison and traceability. However, its complexity of structure and high molecular weight present substantial challenges for precise stable isotope analysis. To enhance traceability capabilities, a method for the analysis of carbon stable isotope of colchicine was established using gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS). Through systematic optimization of experimental conditions, we resolved incomplete oxidation issues in the combustion reactor caused by inherent chemical properties of colchicine, achieving precise measurements with a standard deviation below 0.3‰. Method validation confirmed that storage conditions and matrix effects exerted no significant impact on carbon stable isotope ratio determinations. Applied to colchicine from three distinct sources, this method demonstrated effective source discrimination through δ13C values. The established analytical protocol proves reliable and robust for colchicine stable carbon isotope analysis, thereby significantly increasing its traceability potential in forensic science.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144651612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Metastatic seminoma: Initial diagnosis at autopsy due to fatal pulmonary thromboembolism. 转移性精原细胞瘤：由于致命的肺血栓栓塞而在尸检中初步诊断。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70137

Nadia Lee, George Paul

引用次数: 0

Infanticide and neonaticide: How often are these victims concealed? 杀婴和杀新生儿：这些受害者经常被隐瞒吗？

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-07-15 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70136

Gillian L Johnson, Edward B Mondor

{"title":"Infanticide and neonaticide: How often are these victims concealed?","authors":"Gillian L Johnson, Edward B Mondor","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70136","url":null,"abstract":"Homicide rates in infants (under 1 year of age) and neonates (under 1 day of age) are greater than in any other childhood age group. Using data from the National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) for the years 2018-2021, we sought to determine the demographics of infanticide and neonaticide perpetrators and victims, the incidence of both crimes, how often these victims were concealed, and the most common means of concealment. Here, we report that perpetrators of infanticide were predominantly male, while perpetrators of neonaticide were most often female. For infanticide, victims were most often male, whereas in neonaticide, there was no significant difference in the sex of the victims. Infanticides were far less likely to be concealed than neonaticides. When combining infanticides and neonaticides, we found that perpetrators were most often Black, aged 21-30, the parent, and also the caregiver at the time the crime was committed. Victims were most often concealed by being placed in bags or in the trash, respectively. By identifying which individuals are most likely to offend, intervention strategies can be developed for the highest risk populations. When these crimes cannot be prevented, knowing how the deaths are often concealed can be used to focus investigations to obtain justice for the young victims.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144639115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

"Hidden" dangers in a mass fatality aircraft crash incident: Heavy metal contamination in a forensic archaeological site in Northeast India. 大规模致命飞机坠毁事件中的“隐藏”危险：印度东北部法医考古遗址中的重金属污染。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-07-13 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70133

Aanchal Kashyap, Gargi Jani, William R Belcher, Bhoomika Patel

{"title":"\"Hidden\" dangers in a mass fatality aircraft crash incident: Heavy metal contamination in a forensic archaeological site in Northeast India.","authors":"Aanchal Kashyap, Gargi Jani, William R Belcher, Bhoomika Patel","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70133","url":null,"abstract":"Bone composition is affected during the lifetime of the organism by the nutrition of the individual, whereas postmortem bone composition is affected by the surrounding burial environment. Additionally, the presence of certain elements in a buried environment can affect the structural composition of bone. The accumulation of these elements can indicate various pollutants in the working environment, both past and present. Forensic archaeologists may be exposed to contaminants that include chemical as well as biological hazards. By reconstructing the land use history of this World War II-era aircraft crash site, it is possible to preliminarily identify specific occupational hazards. The aim of the current study is to identify and characterize fragmentary (non-human) bone specimens found in forensic archaeological site in northeast India. This research also examines the presence and distribution of heavy metals within these archaeological bone samples and, therefore, within the excavated work environment. The study utilizes a multidisciplinary approach combining archaeological, anthropological, radiographic, and elemental analysis techniques. Radiographic analysis indicated altered bone mineral density in four fragmented bone samples. Whereas, elemental analysis techniques viz.; energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) showed altered concentration and distribution of the heavy metals across all the specimens. Our results demonstrate the presence of heavy metals in the recovered non-human bone specimens, implying that the burial environment was affected by the hazardous pollutants and fuel, thereby posing a significant health and occupational hazard to the forensic archaeologists.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144628345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Post-mortem cardiomegaly descriptor: Call for consistent criteria. 死后心脏肿大描述：要求标准一致。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70135

Mark W Kroll, Dwayne A Wolf, Klaus Witte, Hugh Calkins, Sebastian N Kunz, Howard E Williams

引用次数: 0

Mycology and palynology: Preliminary results in a forensic experimental laboratory in Colombia, South America. 真菌学和孢粉学：南美洲哥伦比亚法医实验室的初步结果。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-07-10 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70116

María Cecilia Tranchida, Leticia Karina Povilauskas, Natalia Analía Ferreri, Alejandra Baena, Gretel González-Colmenares, Maria Florencia Vianna, Carlos Martín Molina

{"title":"Mycology and palynology: Preliminary results in a forensic experimental laboratory in Colombia, South America.","authors":"María Cecilia Tranchida, Leticia Karina Povilauskas, Natalia Analía Ferreri, Alejandra Baena, Gretel González-Colmenares, Maria Florencia Vianna, Carlos Martín Molina","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70116","url":null,"abstract":"Forensic mycology and palynology are emerging disciplines that offer valuable tools for solving crimes, particularly in cases of enforced disappearances and clandestine burials. This study, conducted in Bogotá, Colombia, aimed to explore the potential contributions of mycology and palynology in forensic investigations. Using a controlled experimental setup, we simulated clandestine graves and studied the fungal and pollen communities at different soil depths, aiming to identify decomposition markers and estimate burial times. Samples were taken from soil at 30 and 50 cm depths from both control graves and those with pig cadavers. Mycological analysis revealed differences in fungal diversity, with graves containing cadavers showing higher species richness, which is linked to cadaveric decomposition. Palynological analysis indicated that pollen grains in deeper soil layers (50 cm) correspond to species, such as Borago officinalis, Poa sp., and Croton sonderianus, linked to dry seasons, indicating the burial timeframe. On the other hand, pollen from 30 cm depth was consistent with species from the wet season, corroborating the exhumation period. This study highlights the utility of combining mycology and palynology in forensic investigations, especially in tropical or equatorial regions like Bogotá, where decomposition dynamics may differ significantly from other global contexts.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144610738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Method for estimating real-scale 3D human body shape from an image based on 3D camera calibration and computer graphics-based reverse projection photogrammetry. 基于三维摄像机标定和基于计算机图形学的反向投影摄影测量的图像实景三维人体形状估计方法。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-07-06 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70130

Daisuke Imoto, Masakatsu Honma, Masato Asano, Wataru Sakurai, Kenji Kurosawa

{"title":"Method for estimating real-scale 3D human body shape from an image based on 3D camera calibration and computer graphics-based reverse projection photogrammetry.","authors":"Daisuke Imoto, Masakatsu Honma, Masato Asano, Wataru Sakurai, Kenji Kurosawa","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70130","url":null,"abstract":"The combination of computer vision (CV) and computer graphics (CG) is being developed for use in many fields. Consequently, reverse projection photogrammetry, which identifies geometric properties of a subject based on accurate reproduction of the image content, is beginning to replace analysis combining CV and CG. Since an image captured by a camera has two-dimensional (2D) geometry, estimating real-scale three dimensional (3D) information about a human or object from a low-resolution security camera image is a challenge and has not been achieved without prior knowledge of the person or object. However, deep learning technology that applies fitting a 3D human body shape model to a human image has been developed, but it is difficult to scale the reconstructed model to the actual scale with only a 2D image as an input. In this study, we propose a novel method to estimate a real-scale 3D human body shape model (SMPL-X model) from a human image via a combination of 3D camera calibration and CG-based reverse projection photogrammetry. The method estimates the position, orientation, posture, and body shape of a 3D human body shape model of a human image in a non-straight posture, which is difficult to analyze conventionally. The method was also used to estimate height and weight based on the estimated 3D human body shape, greatly expanding the range of analysis of height and weight estimation. The equal error rate from a few hundred to a few thousand comparisons was evaluated toward realizing person verification.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144577447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0