Journal of forensic sciences最新文献_第6页

A survey of explosive traces in public places. 公共场所爆炸痕迹的调查。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70042

Richard J Winder, Samuel A J Wilby, Lauren Lessey, Hazel E Hutson, Sharon M Broome, Matthew S Beardah

{"title":"A survey of explosive traces in public places.","authors":"Richard J Winder, Samuel A J Wilby, Lauren Lessey, Hazel E Hutson, Sharon M Broome, Matthew S Beardah","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70042","url":null,"abstract":"Interpretation and evaluation of trace explosives evidence requires practitioner understanding of factors including transfer, persistence, and environmental prevalence. This study builds on previous work and studies the contemporary prevalence of organic high explosives and inorganic ions of explosives significance in public places. 450 swab and vacuum samples were collected from across Great Britain. Analysis was conducted using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry and ion chromatography-mass spectrometry to screen for a wider number of explosives analytes with a higher degree of selectivity and with lower limits of detection than previous studies. Analytes screened for included military high explosives, organic peroxide explosives, and inorganic ions of explosives significance. Only eight low nanogram level traces of organic explosives (HMX, NG, PETN, and RDX) were detected. The results indicate that high explosives traces remain uncommon in the public environment and transport network. Due to the low prevalence, these results strengthen the association between the detection of a trace and explosives activity, and assist the practitioner in assigning significance. Many inorganic ions (ammonium, calcium, chloride, magnesium, nitrate, nitrite, potassium, sodium, and sulfate) were detected at milligram or sub-milligram quantities. They are common in the environment, naturally occurring, and used commercially. Interpreting the general significance when detecting traces of common inorganic species is challenging. Barium, chlorate, perchlorate, strontium, and thiocyanate were not detected and are therefore more uncommon, strengthening the association between detection and explosives activity.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144029697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Long bone asymmetry and hemihypertrophy as a skeletal marker of child abuse. 长骨不对称和半肥厚作为儿童虐待的骨骼标志。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70065

Susan C Kuzminsky, Patricia M Lambert

{"title":"Long bone asymmetry and hemihypertrophy as a skeletal marker of child abuse.","authors":"Susan C Kuzminsky, Patricia M Lambert","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70065","url":null,"abstract":"Diaphyseal overgrowth is a well-documented complication of long bone fracture in orthopedic studies, but it is not a condition commonly mentioned in the forensic literature as a possible indicator of child abuse. Here we present an occurrence of humeral hypertrophy associated with a physeal fracture to the left distal humerus in a case of infant child abuse. Humeral overgrowth was present in this infant along with superficial bruising, other humeral fractures, rib fractures, and vertebral injuries consistent with battered child syndrome. In 2002, the humeri, lower ribs, and vertebrae of this infant were examined for evidence of injury by Phillip Walker using gross observations, radiographs, and CT scans. After completion of his case report and before the remains were returned to the Medical Examiner, one of the authors used 3D surface scan imaging to generate digital models of the humeri in order to calculate the volume of each bone for purposes of size comparison. The difference in volume was notable and consistent with other measurements demonstrating hypertrophy of the left humerus. This case report combines the results of these earlier analyses with information drawn from original case files and more recent clinical studies to demonstrate that humeral asymmetry caused by hypertrophy from a fracture can provide relevant evidence of previous injury in cases of child abuse, even when the fracture is no longer visible in radiographs. This study also highlights the utility of combining 3D surface scan imaging with other radiographic methods when conducting medicolegal casework.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144055781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Patterns of observer error in scoring macromorphoscopic traits for population affinity. 群体亲和性大形态性状评分的观察者误差模式。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70063

Leandi Liebenberg, Kyra E Stull, Ericka N L'Abbé

{"title":"Patterns of observer error in scoring macromorphoscopic traits for population affinity.","authors":"Leandi Liebenberg, Kyra E Stull, Ericka N L'Abbé","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70063","url":null,"abstract":"Revising methodologies is essential to understand the limitations and biases inherent in certain methods, which is crucial for obtaining reliable results. Due to the subjective nature of non-metric methods, variation in trait scoring and its impact on accurately classifying biological parameters remains a concern that requires further investigation. This study aimed to examine the effects of observer experience, familiarity with the method, and different statistical approaches on the repeatability of macromorphoscopic traits in the cranium for population affinity. Seventeen traits were scored on a sample of 10 crania by five observers with varying experience levels. Intra-observer agreement ranged from moderate to perfect, with three traits-inferior nasal margin, nasal bone shape, and nasal overgrowth demonstrating-the lowest agreement. Overall, inter-observer repeatability ranged from poor to substantial agreement. After a group discussion on the scoring procedure and subsequent rescoring of the crania, a slight improvement in agreement was observed, with kappa values shifting towards moderate and substantial levels. Each observer exhibited variation in the repeatability of different traits. While general experience did not consistently translate into proficiency with the method, familiarity with the specific traits and scoring procedures contributed to more consistent results. Therefore, method-specific training is crucial before applying the MMS traits in practice. Additionally, the choice of statistical approaches-such as applying different weights to Cohen's kappa based on data type-can influence the perceived reliability of a method. Practitioners should select weights and tests that are most appropriate for the data type of each trait being analyzed.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144050585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Testing the efficacy of surface swab sampling to determine postmortem submersion interval (PMSI), using the microbiome colonization of skeletal remains. 利用骨骼遗骸的微生物定植，测试表面拭子取样确定死后浸泡时间（PMSI）的有效性。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70039

Sarah Rose, Hannah Johnson, Claire Cartozzo, Jenise Swall, Tal Simmons, Baneshwar Singh

{"title":"Testing the efficacy of surface swab sampling to determine postmortem submersion interval (PMSI), using the microbiome colonization of skeletal remains.","authors":"Sarah Rose, Hannah Johnson, Claire Cartozzo, Jenise Swall, Tal Simmons, Baneshwar Singh","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70039","url":null,"abstract":"Postmortem interval (PMI) estimation contributes valuable information in the medicolegal investigation of decomposed human remains, and estimating the postmortem submersion interval (PMSI) can specifically aid investigations involving victims discovered in aquatic environments. Microbial succession-driven models in long-term decomposition studies have utilized the abundant colonizing bacterial community of skeletal remains to estimate the PMSI using bone powder. This study investigates the use of bone surface swabbing as an effective alternative method that minimizes time and resources required for bone sampling and also provides a highly replicable method for decomposition studies. Skeletal porcine (Sus scrofa) remains were caged and submerged in both lentic and lotic environments (Henley Lake in White Hall and James River at the Rice Rivers Center in Charles City, respectively) in Central Virginia from November 2017 to November 2018. Bone surface swabs and water samples were analyzed at 500 accumulated degree days (ADD) intervals, from baseline (0 ADD) to 4500 ADD. Variable region 4 (V4) of 16S rDNA was amplified and sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq Sequencing platform and analyzed using Mothur (v.1.39.5) and R (v.4.04). Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) indicated a significant difference in bacterial community structure among and between the swab, bone, and water samples (p < 0.001, F = 7.92331), and among and between lake and river samples (p < 0.001, F = 9.38829). PMSI models were constructed using random forest models for lake swabs (R2 = 0.83, RMSE = 623.24) and river swabs (R2 = 0.83, RMSE = 580.2). Swab samples from both aquatic environments predicted PMSI, albeit slightly less accurately than those previously reported from bone powder (lake: R2 = 0.96, 334.1; river: R2 = 0.94, 498.47).","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144045414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From crime scene to laboratory: A case study of a comprehensive investigation into an IBX-induced explosion. 从犯罪现场到实验室：ibx诱发爆炸的综合调查案例研究。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70066

Srikanth R Veerabhadraiah, Sachin Ashok Bhat, Vishwanath S Vallabha, Anand N Narayanappa, Savitha Sujatha, Muddaih Sujatha

{"title":"From crime scene to laboratory: A case study of a comprehensive investigation into an IBX-induced explosion.","authors":"Srikanth R Veerabhadraiah, Sachin Ashok Bhat, Vishwanath S Vallabha, Anand N Narayanappa, Savitha Sujatha, Muddaih Sujatha","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70066","url":null,"abstract":"An explosion in an industrial filtering unit, resulting in a fatality, triggered a comprehensive forensic investigation. Sixteen pieces of evidentiary materials were collected from the scene of occurrence. The chemical residue at the explosion's origin was identified as 2-IodoxyBenzoic Acid (IBX) using NMR spectroscopy. IBX's shock-sensitive explosive nature became the focal point of the investigation. A comparative analysis, using the confirmed IBX as a reference standard, was conducted to detect its presence in other collected evidentiary materials. As no established methods for IBX analysis were available, novel high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and UV-Vis spectroscopic techniques were developed and validated. The optimized HPTLC method, using a 9:1 ethyl acetate and methanol solvent system and UV visualization at 254 nm, provided reliable Rf values for IBX identification. This was further supported by UV-Vis spectroscopy, which confirmed the characteristic absorption patterns of IBX. The investigation successfully linked several evidence items to the explosion through the detection of IBX. This case underscores the complementary role of crime scene investigation and chemical analysis, where meticulous fieldwork combined with innovative laboratory techniques led to the resolution of the case. Furthermore, the development of a validated HPTLC method for IBX provides a valuable tool for future forensic investigations, enhancing the forensic community's capability to address similar incidents.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144039934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

DNA analysts' experiences with human factors: A quantitative and qualitative snapshot. DNA分析人员在人为因素方面的经验：定量和定性快照。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70064

Haley R Dawson, Devon LaBat, Maria Sparacino, Michael Marciano, Nadja Schreiber Compo

{"title":"DNA analysts' experiences with human factors: A quantitative and qualitative snapshot.","authors":"Haley R Dawson, Devon LaBat, Maria Sparacino, Michael Marciano, Nadja Schreiber Compo","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70064","url":null,"abstract":"DNA analysis can play a crucial role in rightful and wrongful convictions. However, forensic experts' methods may be influenced by human factors, including cognitive bias. Examiners' efforts to mitigate such bias can play a role in their courtroom testimony. There is little recent research on real-world DNA examiners' actual experiences with cognitive bias and expert testimony, nor their perceived training needs. To address this gap, we surveyed a national sample of forensic DNA analysts using Likert-scale and open-ended questions about cognitive bias, courtroom testimony, and related research and training needs. A total of 84 examiners responded to at least one question about bias or expert testimony. On average, examiners reported receiving biasing-contextual information about the investigation prior to their examination in 37% of their cases, with the most common type being eyewitness identifications. The majority of examiners (60%) reported that their laboratories have policies in place to decrease cognitive bias, and almost all examiners (90%) reported having provided expert testimony. Experts in our sample generally believed their testimony was understandable to jurors but pointed out the need for training in select areas, such as effectively communicating statistics in court, answering hypothetical questions on the stand, and communicating findings effectively in court. Our findings demonstrate that laboratories are generally in line with the National Academy of Sciences recommendations for policies to decrease cognitive bias, but there is room for improvement in limiting DNA analysts' exposure to biasing contextual information and meeting their human factors training needs.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144055694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Silent abuse in the blind spot between medicine and law: A case series of Munchausen syndrome by proxy from Türkiye. 医学与法律之间的盲点中的无声虐待：由<s:1> rkiye代理的Munchausen综合征系列案例。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70059

Ömer Asan, Yasin Kavla, Muhammed Emin Boylu, Hüseyin Çağrı Şahin, Emre Çırakoğlu, Tuba Özcanlı, Alaattin Duran

{"title":"Silent abuse in the blind spot between medicine and law: A case series of Munchausen syndrome by proxy from Türkiye.","authors":"Ömer Asan, Yasin Kavla, Muhammed Emin Boylu, Hüseyin Çağrı Şahin, Emre Çırakoğlu, Tuba Özcanlı, Alaattin Duran","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70059","url":null,"abstract":"Munchausen syndrome by proxy is a rare but dangerous form of child abuse in which a caregiver exaggerates, fabricates, or induces medical symptoms in a dependent individual, typically a child. It is of the utmost importance to recognize and address this syndrome, which has significant legal and medical consequences. The failure to identify cases in a timely manner and to implement appropriate intervention strategies may result in irreparable harm or even fatal consequences. This study examined four cases involving 15 child victims and four perpetrators. All individuals were referred to the Turkish Council of Forensic Medicine for evaluation of criminal responsibility. The data were sourced from the National Judicial Network Project and case files spanning a decade. A comprehensive review of the clinical and forensic records was conducted. The four perpetrators, all females aged 27-34, exhibited histories of adverse childhood experiences, early marriage, limited education, and neglect. The clinical manifestations in children included apnea, immobility, bleeding, and bruising. Eleven children died before the abuse was detected, and four children were removed from their homes and placed under the protection of the state. MSBP is still frequently overlooked in clinical practice, which can result in irreparable harm and even death among affected children. The severe cases, as illustrated in this manuscript, demonstrate a recurrent pattern of abuse that persists until the cases are identified. An integrated multidisciplinary approach, involving medical and forensic services, is of paramount importance to facilitate the recognition and prevention of this form of child abuse.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144046576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Micro X-ray computed tomography (μCT) for forensic investigation of wood. 木材法医鉴定用微x射线计算机断层扫描（μCT）。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70061

Hiromi Itamiya, Ritsuko Sugita, Yoshinori Ogawa

引用次数: 0

The power of STR discrimination: Two brothers with high-profile similarity. STR歧视的力量：两个高度相似的兄弟。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70060

Dikla Bandah-Rozenfeld, Lev Voskoboinik, Ksenia Rashkovski, Keren Avrahami, Hagit Schayek, Orna Avlas

{"title":"The power of STR discrimination: Two brothers with high-profile similarity.","authors":"Dikla Bandah-Rozenfeld, Lev Voskoboinik, Ksenia Rashkovski, Keren Avrahami, Hagit Schayek, Orna Avlas","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70060","url":null,"abstract":"This report describes a rare case of exceptionally high-STR profile similarity between two full siblings. The siblings were found to be identical across all 15 autosomal loci analyzed using the PowerPlex® ESI 16 kit. The likelihood of two siblings exhibiting an identical genetic profile across all 15 loci of the ESI-16 kit is approximately 1 in 6.8 million for unrelated parents. Further expansion of the STR profile with Investigator® 24plex GO Kit revealed a high degree of similarity, with 18 out of 21 total loci matching. The siblings belong to a Bedouin family, an ethnic minority group in Israel where consanguineous marriages are common. This custom increases homozygosity and the likelihood of high-genetic similarity between siblings. Simulations of siblings from families with unrelated and consanguineous parents indicate that when the parents are related to each other, the probability of siblings sharing the same profile is only slightly higher. Conversely, when each parent is an offspring of a consanguineous marriage, the probability of a full match at ESI-16 loci increases substantially to 1 in 1.2 million. For an expanded loci set such as 24plex, the probability of a full sibling's match decreases to 1 in 6 billion. This study highlights the significance of utilizing expanded STR marker panels for DNA identification and differentiation between siblings, especially when examining samples from populations with a tendency for consanguineous marriages.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144050589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reproducibility and repeatability experiment with nested factors applied to the evaluation of a fingerprint morphometric. 利用嵌套因子进行指纹形态计量学评价的再现性和重复性实验。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-18 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70055

Josep De Alcaraz-Fossoul, Michelle V Mancenido, Jena Aileen Johanson, Carme Barrot-Feixat

{"title":"Reproducibility and repeatability experiment with nested factors applied to the evaluation of a fingerprint morphometric.","authors":"Josep De Alcaraz-Fossoul, Michelle V Mancenido, Jena Aileen Johanson, Carme Barrot-Feixat","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70055","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, a redefined gage reproducibility and repeatability (R&R) method is proposed to identify possible sources of error and variation components in a fingerprint morphometric measurement system. Unlike traditional gage R&R, this new method incorporates a linear mixed effects model that accounts for a mix of random and fixed effects, nested factors, and repeated measurements. The model relies on the analysis of data from one study involving the measurement of ridge width dimensions. The data set was collected from four types of finger impressions provided by 10 donors: inked-rolled (RL) and inked-flat (FL) on paper, as well as minimally distorted latents recovered with white powder (LW) and black powder (LB) on plastic. To assess reproducibility and repeatability, four examiners manually measured each impression 24-36 times at predetermined ridge locations, generating ≈3000-4000 measurements per appraiser. The results highlight the effect of minimal skin distortion on ridge width measurements and reveal high repeatability (i.e., low intra-examiner variation) but relatively low reproducibility among examiners (i.e., high inter-examiner variation). Further, it is demonstrated that the variance decomposition framework is effective in parsing out sources of variation in the ridge width measurement process.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144059287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0