Journal of forensic sciences最新文献_第5页

Correction to "The impact of institutional authority on forensic evidence evaluation by criminal justice professionals". 修正“制度权威对刑事司法专业人员法医证据鉴定的影响”。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-06 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70376

引用次数: 0

Atypical short tandem repeat allelic patterns in a sexual assault case involving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. 非典型短串联重复等位基因模式在性侵犯案件涉及造血干细胞移植。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-12 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70361

Jeongyong Kim, Mu Yeong Lee, Dong Woo Kim, Seohyun Moon

{"title":"Atypical short tandem repeat allelic patterns in a sexual assault case involving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.","authors":"Jeongyong Kim, Mu Yeong Lee, Dong Woo Kim, Seohyun Moon","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70361","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.70361","url":null,"abstract":"Short tandem repeat (STR) profiling is a cornerstone of forensic DNA analysis, particularly during criminal investigations. However, certain clinical conditions, such as bone marrow transplantation, can complicate interpretation. To illustrate the impact of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation on forensic STR analysis, this case report details a sexual assault investigation involving a female victim who had previously received a bone marrow transplant from a female donor. A female sexual assault victim underwent forensic examination, during which multiple biological swabs were collected. STR profiling was conducted on the victim's blood, fingernail, buccal, breast, hip, vulvar, vaginal, cervical samples, panty, and brassiere. As conflicting profiles were found, a detailed medical history was collected, and hair follicle analysis was performed to confirm the origin of the STR profiles. Blood STR profiling revealed a single female genotype, while multiple swabs, including vaginal and cervical samples, showed a second female STR profile alongside the first. Notably, the consistency and distribution of the mixed profile across samples reduced the likelihood of laboratory contamination. The medical history of the victim revealed a prior history of allogeneic bone marrow transplant. Hair follicle analysis identified the recipient's original genotype, confirming that the secondary STR profile originated from the donor. Bone marrow transplantation may result in a mixed STR profile, potentially leading to misidentification or misinterpretation of forensic evidence. Awareness of transplant history is crucial during forensic evaluations. However, such clinical history is currently not included in standard sexual-assault evidence forms, underscoring the need for procedural updates.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":"2432-2438"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13534909/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147936586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Discriminative features and contextual cognitive bias effects between robotic and natural handwriting. 机器人和自然笔迹的判别特征和语境认知偏差效应。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-22 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70366

Xiaobin Wang, Cai Yi, Ruili Chen, Yibo Zhao

{"title":"Discriminative features and contextual cognitive bias effects between robotic and natural handwriting.","authors":"Xiaobin Wang, Cai Yi, Ruili Chen, Yibo Zhao","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70366","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.70366","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to systematically identify the discriminative features between robotic and natural handwriting and explore how contextual conditions influence the classification accuracy of two groups of discriminators: forensic document examiners and nonexaminers. Repeated measures ANOVA was utilized to analyze the main effect of contextual conditions (blind classification, informed quantity context, paired comparison context) as well as the interaction effect between context and group. Bonferroni-corrected post hoc tests were employed for pairwise comparisons across different conditions, whereas correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between confidence level and classification accuracy, with a significance level set at α = 0.05. The results indicate that robotic and natural handwriting exhibit significant differences in five core features: ink distribution, stroke stability, pressure marks, starting/ending stroke characteristics, and character consistency. Forensic document examiners achieved notably higher classification accuracy (ranging from 82.00% to 87.33%) compared to nonexaminers (ranging from 67.33% to 76.67%). This superior performance can be attributed to their reliance on objective professional features and their ability to resist contextual bias. Contextual cognitive bias exerted a significant adverse impact on nonexaminers, particularly in the form of confirmation bias within the informed quantity context, but had minimal influence on professional examiners. The paired sample comparison method effectively enhanced the classification accuracy of both groups by strengthening the perception of subtle discriminative features and reducing dependence on macroscopic cues that are vulnerable to contextual interference. These findings offer important theoretical support and practical guidance for forensic handwriting examination.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":"2415-2421"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13534941/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147990626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A 4-zone model to determine fentanyl overdose probability. 四区模型确定芬太尼过量概率。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-30 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70401

Manolo U Rios, Jessica B Dwyer, Sara K Dempsey

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of illicit drug contaminants in seized cannabis in Arizona and California, 2023-2024. 2023-2024年亚利桑那州和加利福尼亚州缉获大麻中非法药物污染物的评估。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-25 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70365

Beckner Andersano, Thomas M Cahill, Michael Grommes, Maxwell C K Leung

{"title":"Evaluation of illicit drug contaminants in seized cannabis in Arizona and California, 2023-2024.","authors":"Beckner Andersano, Thomas M Cahill, Michael Grommes, Maxwell C K Leung","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70365","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.70365","url":null,"abstract":"Despite public health concerns, fentanyl, cocaine, and other illicit drug contaminants remain largely understudied in unregulated cannabis. Here, we developed an analytical method to quantify a panel of common illicit drugs in cannabis and tested the law enforcement seizures in Arizona and California in evaluation of the illicit drug contamination in black- and gray-market cannabis. One hundred and eighteen cannabis dried flower samples were collected by the Maricopa County Sheriff's Office and the US Postal Inspection Service between 2023 and 2024. The prepared samples were analyzed using an Agilent 6495 LC-MS-MS for 16 illicit drugs. Twenty-five (21.2%) of the cannabis flower samples had detectable concentrations of illicit drugs. Only three of the 16 analytes tested were detected, including cocaine (20.3%), methamphetamine (MAMP; 3.4%), and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA/Ecstasy; 0.9%). The highest concentration of illicit drugs was cocaine at 12,000 ppm (or 1.2% by weight). This pilot study demonstrates the presence of illicit drugs in black- and gray-market cannabis largely due to the contamination in the unkempt environment where they are being assembled and distributed. Intentional spiking appears to be rare, but the level of spiked cocaine can pose a health risk to consumers of unregulated products. Further studies are needed to survey the chemical contaminants of black- and gray-market cannabis and better understand their public health risk nationwide.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":"2359-2363"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13534965/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148019875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigation of eosin Y as a colorimetric sensor for the detection of fentanyl hydrochloride and fentanyl freebase. 伊红Y作为比色传感器检测盐酸芬太尼和游离芬太尼的研究。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-12 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70359

Alan J Zhou, Melissa M Dixon, Brady S Gentle, Genevieve H Dennison, Kellie L Tuck

{"title":"Investigation of eosin Y as a colorimetric sensor for the detection of fentanyl hydrochloride and fentanyl freebase.","authors":"Alan J Zhou, Melissa M Dixon, Brady S Gentle, Genevieve H Dennison, Kellie L Tuck","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70359","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.70359","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing prevalence of fentanyl within the illegal global drug market underscores the need for rapid, low-cost, and straightforward detection methods. Eosin Y demonstrates a measurable color change in the presence of fentanyl, making it a promising candidate for colorimetric sensing and preliminary identification of fentanyl hydrochloride in seized drug samples. This study investigated the interactions of fentanyl freebase and fentanyl hydrochloride with eosin Y in both solution and solid states. Quinine sulfate was included in the solid-state analysis due to its visually similar colorimetric response. CIE-Lab colorimetric evaluation revealed that the peach-to-pink color shift produced by solid fentanyl hydrochloride closely matched that of quinine sulfate, indicating that quinine sulfate may serve as a safe and practical simulant for fentanyl hydrochloride in eosin Y-based assays. In contrast, fentanyl freebase produced no observable color change. Solution-state studies, assessed visually and through UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, showed that fentanyl hydrochloride generated the strongest absorbance increase at 560 nm, while fluorescence emission at 542 nm increased for both the freebase and hydrochloride forms. These findings demonstrate that the protonation state of fentanyl is critical for eliciting eosin Y's colorimetric response, while the presence of hydrochloric acid alone does not account for the observed changes. Overall, the results supported the potential of eosin Y as a practical colorimetric indicator for protonated fentanyl species and highlighted quinine sulfate as a viable simulant for safer laboratory testing.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":"2351-2358"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13534919/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147936681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluating the use of a novel expert system for interpretation of media authentication results. 评估使用一个新的专家系统来解释媒体认证结果。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-11 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70377

Brandon Epstein, Bertram Lyons, Daniel Fischer, Albert Zlogar

{"title":"Evaluating the use of a novel expert system for interpretation of media authentication results.","authors":"Brandon Epstein, Bertram Lyons, Daniel Fischer, Albert Zlogar","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70377","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.70377","url":null,"abstract":"The evolution of artificial intelligence has enabled the creation of hyper-realistic synthetic images and videos, significantly complicating the authentication of media evidence. Many algorithmic approaches to media authentication have proven ineffective in digital forensics, particularly due to the difficulty of expressing results from black-box algorithms. Compounding this challenge, practitioners face long examination times and an ever-increasing volume of media evidence in modern investigations. To address these challenges, the authors developed an artificial intelligence expert system incorporating several logic-based authentication tests related to media file structure, attribute similarity analysis, and internal file attributes. These tests were organized into distinct authentication pathways to produce concise, natural language conclusions comparable to opinions rendered by human examiners. The automated nature of an expert system may allow for demonstrably accurate results at scale without extensive human resources. This preliminary study compared the accuracy of the artificial intelligence expert system's opinions with those of trained human examiners from diverse digital forensic backgrounds. Both the expert system and the examiners were provided the same dataset, consisting of original, transmitted, edited, and synthetic videos. Both groups received file structure data, attribute similarity analyses, proprietary structural data, and metadata values. Using a 14-question survey, responses were collected and evaluated for accuracy, and error rates were calculated. Across 20 respondents, the human mean score was 69% as compared to the expert system score of 91%. These results can be used to evaluate the appropriateness of deploying artificial intelligence expert systems for forensic examinations, alongside human interpretations.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":"2364-2372"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13534913/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148229801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

First record of the forensically important genus Protopiophila Duda (Diptera: Piophilidae) from South Korea and an integrative framework for forensic identification. 韩国具有重要法医学意义的原蚊属Duda（双翅目：嗜蚊科）的首次记录和法医学鉴定的综合框架。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-17 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70383

Sangjin Han, Taemin Kang, Seung-Gyu Lee, Seunggwan Shin

{"title":"First record of the forensically important genus Protopiophila Duda (Diptera: Piophilidae) from South Korea and an integrative framework for forensic identification.","authors":"Sangjin Han, Taemin Kang, Seung-Gyu Lee, Seunggwan Shin","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70383","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.70383","url":null,"abstract":"The family Piophilidae is of significant forensic importance due to its association with late-stage decomposition; however, the Korean piophilid fauna remains poorly studied, lacking comprehensive morphological and molecular data. This study reports the first record of the genus Protopiophila Duda from South Korea. Five male specimens were collected and identified as Protopiophila contecta (Walker) based on morphological characters. We provide the first detailed illustrations and descriptions of the previously poorly documented male internal genitalia and a new identification key to the South Korean piophilids. To complement the morphological data, mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) barcodes were generated and analyzed. The neighbor-joining tree showed that the four Korean specimens formed a distinct, well-supported clade, clearly separated from the congeners P. latipes and P. litigata. This study establishes an integrative framework for identifying P. contecta, adding a fourth forensically relevant piophilid species to the Korean entomofauna. These morphological and molecular data provide a crucial reference for future forensic investigations in the region.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":"2405-2414"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13534861/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148274436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A PCP overdose death in Northern Virginia. 弗吉尼亚州北部一起迷幻药过量致死案。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2026-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70429

Courtney Wardwell, Carmen Coles

{"title":"A PCP overdose death in Northern Virginia.","authors":"Courtney Wardwell, Carmen Coles","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70429","url":null,"abstract":"Phencyclidine (PCP), a Schedule II dissociative anesthetic, is no longer prescribed. Recreational use of PCP still exists, often localized to certain metropolitan areas in the United States, including the Baltimore-Washington, D.C. corridor. PCP was detected in 3.07% of the Driving Under the Influence of Drugs (DUID) cases in Virginia and 0.55% of medical examiner cases from 2020 to 2024. For the northern region of Virginia, PCP was detected in 8.08% of the DUID cases and 1.76% of the medical examiner cases from 2020 to 2024. The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of PCP in a postmortem overdose case where the concentration was reported as present greater than 2000 ng/mL. The subject was a 47-year-old individual who had a history of PCP use. An Agilent Technologies 7890A/5975C Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) operated in selected ion-monitoring (SIM) mode was used after PCP was extracted in triplicate using a liquid/liquid alkaline extraction. The mean PCP concentration of the three replicates was approximately 5400 ng/mL. The concentration of PCP in this case is at a much higher concentration than other PCP cases from 2020 to 2024 in Virginia and consistent with literature results for PCP fatalities. After postmortem examination (\"foam cone\" with no trauma to the body) and review of toxicology results (negative in all analyses except PCP), the cause of death was determined to be \"PCP Intoxication.\" This case provides detailed information on behavior and autopsy findings for a PCP overdose death, where death was due to PCP intoxication as opposed to intoxicated behavior.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148868738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Not a firearm: A case report of a fatal penetrating pseudo-ballistic neck injury from defective airbag deployment. 不是枪支：一个致命的穿透性假弹道颈部损伤的案例报告，由有缺陷的安全气囊展开。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-04 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70378

Hind Abouzahir, Barthelemy Munkana Matadi, Hicham Benyaich

{"title":"Not a firearm: A case report of a fatal penetrating pseudo-ballistic neck injury from defective airbag deployment.","authors":"Hind Abouzahir, Barthelemy Munkana Matadi, Hicham Benyaich","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70378","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.70378","url":null,"abstract":"Fatal injuries caused by defective airbag inflators are increasingly recognized as a distinct forensic and medicolegal issue. We describe the case of a 51-year-old male driver who was transported by emergency medical services following a low-speed frontal collision with a palm tree and was declared dead on arrival at the hospital. Review of surveillance footage showed that the driver abruptly swerved in an attempt to avoid a motorcyclist immediately before impact. Emergency services were alerted by witnesses, and police investigation documented limited frontal damage localized to the front bumper and hood, without intrusion into the vehicle interior. Vehicle inspection confirmed seat belt use at the time of the collision. The driver's airbag had deployed explosively. Inspection of the steering wheel revealed that part of the cylindrical inflator capsule was missing, and multiple pieces of airbag inflator shrapnel were recovered from inside the vehicle interior. No firearms, ammunition, or cartridge cases were identified at the scene. At autopsy, a single penetrating wound was observed on the anterior aspect of the neck. Internal examination demonstrated complete transection of the trachea, esophagus, and the jugulo-carotid vascular bundle, accompanied by comminuted fractures of the cervical vertebrae and partial laceration of the spinal cord. A jagged metallic fragment, morphologically consistent with material from an airbag inflator, was found lodged within the wound track. This case highlights fatal airbag inflator rupture injuries and the importance of reporting suspected cases to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":"2448-2454"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13534930/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148166175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0