Journal of forensic sciences最新文献_第5页

Micro X-ray computed tomography (μCT) for forensic investigation of wood. 木材法医鉴定用微x射线计算机断层扫描（μCT）。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70061

Hiromi Itamiya, Ritsuko Sugita, Yoshinori Ogawa

引用次数: 0

The power of STR discrimination: Two brothers with high-profile similarity. STR歧视的力量：两个高度相似的兄弟。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70060

Dikla Bandah-Rozenfeld, Lev Voskoboinik, Ksenia Rashkovski, Keren Avrahami, Hagit Schayek, Orna Avlas

{"title":"The power of STR discrimination: Two brothers with high-profile similarity.","authors":"Dikla Bandah-Rozenfeld, Lev Voskoboinik, Ksenia Rashkovski, Keren Avrahami, Hagit Schayek, Orna Avlas","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70060","url":null,"abstract":"This report describes a rare case of exceptionally high-STR profile similarity between two full siblings. The siblings were found to be identical across all 15 autosomal loci analyzed using the PowerPlex® ESI 16 kit. The likelihood of two siblings exhibiting an identical genetic profile across all 15 loci of the ESI-16 kit is approximately 1 in 6.8 million for unrelated parents. Further expansion of the STR profile with Investigator® 24plex GO Kit revealed a high degree of similarity, with 18 out of 21 total loci matching. The siblings belong to a Bedouin family, an ethnic minority group in Israel where consanguineous marriages are common. This custom increases homozygosity and the likelihood of high-genetic similarity between siblings. Simulations of siblings from families with unrelated and consanguineous parents indicate that when the parents are related to each other, the probability of siblings sharing the same profile is only slightly higher. Conversely, when each parent is an offspring of a consanguineous marriage, the probability of a full match at ESI-16 loci increases substantially to 1 in 1.2 million. For an expanded loci set such as 24plex, the probability of a full sibling's match decreases to 1 in 6 billion. This study highlights the significance of utilizing expanded STR marker panels for DNA identification and differentiation between siblings, especially when examining samples from populations with a tendency for consanguineous marriages.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144050589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reproducibility and repeatability experiment with nested factors applied to the evaluation of a fingerprint morphometric. 利用嵌套因子进行指纹形态计量学评价的再现性和重复性实验。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-18 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70055

Josep De Alcaraz-Fossoul, Michelle V Mancenido, Jena Aileen Johanson, Carme Barrot-Feixat

{"title":"Reproducibility and repeatability experiment with nested factors applied to the evaluation of a fingerprint morphometric.","authors":"Josep De Alcaraz-Fossoul, Michelle V Mancenido, Jena Aileen Johanson, Carme Barrot-Feixat","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70055","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, a redefined gage reproducibility and repeatability (R&R) method is proposed to identify possible sources of error and variation components in a fingerprint morphometric measurement system. Unlike traditional gage R&R, this new method incorporates a linear mixed effects model that accounts for a mix of random and fixed effects, nested factors, and repeated measurements. The model relies on the analysis of data from one study involving the measurement of ridge width dimensions. The data set was collected from four types of finger impressions provided by 10 donors: inked-rolled (RL) and inked-flat (FL) on paper, as well as minimally distorted latents recovered with white powder (LW) and black powder (LB) on plastic. To assess reproducibility and repeatability, four examiners manually measured each impression 24-36 times at predetermined ridge locations, generating ≈3000-4000 measurements per appraiser. The results highlight the effect of minimal skin distortion on ridge width measurements and reveal high repeatability (i.e., low intra-examiner variation) but relatively low reproducibility among examiners (i.e., high inter-examiner variation). Further, it is demonstrated that the variance decomposition framework is effective in parsing out sources of variation in the ridge width measurement process.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144059287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimizing amplification threshold of low template DNA. 优化低模板DNA的扩增阈值。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-18 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70044

Ayelet Ido, Lina Kirshenbaum, Ortal Waiskopf, Lev Voskoboinik

引用次数: 0

Identification of non-glandular trichome hairs in cannabis using vision-based deep learning methods. 使用基于视觉的深度学习方法识别大麻中的非腺毛。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-18 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70058

Alon Zvirin, Amitzur Shapira, Emma Attal, Tamar Gozlan, Arthur Soussan, Dafna De La Vega, Yehudit Harush, Ron Kimmel

{"title":"Identification of non-glandular trichome hairs in cannabis using vision-based deep learning methods.","authors":"Alon Zvirin, Amitzur Shapira, Emma Attal, Tamar Gozlan, Arthur Soussan, Dafna De La Vega, Yehudit Harush, Ron Kimmel","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70058","url":null,"abstract":"The detection of cannabis and cannabis-related products is a critical task for forensic laboratories and law enforcement agencies, given their harmful effects. Forensic laboratories analyze large quantities of plant material annually to identify genuine cannabis and its illicit substitutes. Ensuring accurate identification is essential for supporting judicial proceedings and combating drug-related crimes. The naked eye alone cannot distinguish between genuine cannabis and non-cannabis plant material that has been sprayed with synthetic cannabinoids, especially after distribution into the market. Reliable forensic identification typically requires two colorimetric tests (Duquenois-Levine and Fast Blue BB), as well as a drug laboratory expert test for affirmation or negation of cannabis hair (non-glandular trichomes), making the process time-consuming and resource-intensive. Here, we propose a novel deep learning-based computer vision method for identifying non-glandular trichome hairs in cannabis. A dataset of several thousand annotated microscope images was collected, including genuine cannabis and non-cannabis plant material apparently sprayed with synthetic cannabinoids. Ground-truth labels were established using three forensic tests, two chemical assays, and expert microscopic analysis, ensuring reliable classification. The proposed method demonstrated an accuracy exceeding 97% in distinguishing cannabis from non-cannabis plant material. These results suggest that deep learning can reliably identify non-glandular trichome hairs in cannabis based on microscopic trichome features, potentially reducing reliance on costly and time-consuming expert microscopic analysis. This framework provides forensic departments and law enforcement agencies with an efficient and accurate tool for identifying non-glandular trichome hairs in cannabis, supporting efforts to combat illicit drug trafficking.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144059041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inter-laboratory variation in interpretations, comparisons, and statistical analyses of DNA mixtures. DNA混合物的解释、比较和统计分析的实验室间差异。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-18 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70048

R Austin Hicklin, Nicole Richetelli, Robert A Bever, Jonathan M Davoren

{"title":"Inter-laboratory variation in interpretations, comparisons, and statistical analyses of DNA mixtures.","authors":"R Austin Hicklin, Nicole Richetelli, Robert A Bever, Jonathan M Davoren","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70048","url":null,"abstract":"DNAmix2021 was a large-scale inter-laboratory study conducted to assess variation in interpretations, comparisons, and statistical analyses of DNA mixtures. Analyses were based on 765 responses by 106 participants from 52 labs. Eight distinct DNA mixtures were created, each of which was provided to participants as a contributor packet (the person of interest (POI) was in the mixture), or as a non-contributor packet (the POI was NOT in the mixture). Accuracy on contributor packets was notably associated with the percent of DNA contributed by the POI: packets in which the POI contributed less than 8% of the DNA (≤25 pg) had much higher rates of false exclusions (contrary to ground truth) and indeterminate responses, compared to packets in which the POI contributed more DNA. A lab's ability to discern a low-level contributor is largely a function of its operating procedures: the community may wish to consider whether the exclusion of very low-level contributors can or should be considered incorrect. Most false inclusions were reported on one non-contributor packet that had high allele sharing with a POI that was a sibling of a contributor to the mixture. Most false exclusions and false inclusions were associated with incorrect estimates of the number of contributors. The few false inclusions may also be explained as a combination of inclusions without supporting statistics and/or not conditioning on reference profiles. The only likelihood ratios indicating very strong support that were contrary to ground truth were on contributor packets with a low proportion of the DNA contributed by the POI.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144059205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Estimation of postmortem submersion interval using total aquatic decomposition scores of human cadavers from Punjab. 用旁遮普人类尸体的总水生分解分数估计死后淹没间隔。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-18 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70040

Chitra Jangid, Jyoti Dalal, Kiran Kumari Malik

{"title":"Estimation of postmortem submersion interval using total aquatic decomposition scores of human cadavers from Punjab.","authors":"Chitra Jangid, Jyoti Dalal, Kiran Kumari Malik","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70040","url":null,"abstract":"Estimation of the postmortem submersion interval (PMSI) using total aquatic decomposition scores (TADS) has shown considerable promise in recent forensic research. Since decomposition is a time- and temperature-dependent process, the Accumulated Degree Day (ADD) of water has been linked with TADS to improve the accuracy of PMSI estimations. Expanding research across diverse geographical areas and aquatic environments (lentic, lotic, freshwater, and saltwater) is essential to enhance the reliability and applicability of scoring methods. This study analyzed 50 cases from different districts of Punjab, with TADS ranging from 4 to 22, calculated using Heaton et al.'s method. These scores corresponded to various decomposition stages, with 22 cases in the early floating stage (ADD: 9.79-104.54), 21 cases in the floating decay stage (ADD: 104.54-459.33), and 7 cases in the advanced floating decay stage (ADD: 617.58-2018.19). Furthermore, a robust correlation between TADS and PMSI (R2 = 0.925, p < 0.001) confirms the reliability of TADS in estimating PMSI. The established regression equation, <math> <semantics><mrow><mtext>PMSI</mtext> <mspace></mspace> <mo>=</mo> <mspace></mspace> <msup><mn>10</mn> <mfenced><mrow><mo>-</mo> <mn>0.160</mn> <mspace></mspace> <mo>+</mo> <mspace></mspace> <mn>0.07316</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mtext>TADS</mtext></mrow> </mfenced> </msup> </mrow> <annotation>$$ mathrm{PMSI}kern0.5em =kern0.5em {10}^{left(-0.160kern0.5em +kern0.5em 0.07316times mathrm{TADS}right)} $$</annotation></semantics> </math> , provides a predictive tool for PMSI estimation. The findings suggest that TADS is a reliable indicator of PMSI and can be effectively applied in subtropical climates. The established regression equations provide a practical tool for estimating PMSI in human remains recovered from regions with similar climatic conditions.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144045372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Systematic analysis of population studies performed with the ForenSeq™ DNA Signature Prep kit. 使用ForenSeq™DNA签名准备试剂盒进行人群研究的系统分析。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-18 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70057

Donna-Lee Pamela Martin, Laura Jane Heathfield

{"title":"Systematic analysis of population studies performed with the ForenSeq™ DNA Signature Prep kit.","authors":"Donna-Lee Pamela Martin, Laura Jane Heathfield","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70057","url":null,"abstract":"Many forensic laboratories have conducted sequence-based population studies to support the integration of massively parallel sequencing (MPS). However, the data remain limited concerning African populations. MPS enhances allelic representation compared to CE methods. It is hypothesized that this increase will be more pronounced for African populations due to their greater genetic diversity. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to compile data from population genetic studies using the ForenSeq™ DNA Signature Prep kit, frequently employed in forensic MPS population studies. The aim of the review was to gain insight into global forensic sequence-based population data, focusing on African and underrepresented populations. The search spanned three databases, resulting in 582 records, where 40 articles met inclusion criteria for the systematic review and 20 qualified for the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis aimed to quantify the increase in genetic variation in autosomal short tandem repeat (A-STR) markers using allele counts and random match probability (RMP). Most population studies were conducted in high-income countries (65%, 26/40), with none from Africa. Only 14 out of 40 studies included concordance data, with 13 of these reporting rates above 99%. The meta-analysis covered 35 population groups and found that of the 27 A-STR markers evaluated, mean allele counts increased by 53.08% from length-to-sequence-based analyses. African ancestry groups showed the highest increase in allele counts and the biggest reduction in RMP. Despite substantial genetic diversity in African populations, their representation in MPS studies is minimal. Addressing this gap is crucial to justify further research in African countries.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144032960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characteristics of hemorrhages located at the origin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle in suicidal hangings: A retrospective autopsy study. 自杀悬吊中胸锁乳突肌起源处出血的特征：回顾性尸检研究。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-18 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70050

Aleksa Leković, Slobodan Nikolić

{"title":"Characteristics of hemorrhages located at the origin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle in suicidal hangings: A retrospective autopsy study.","authors":"Aleksa Leković, Slobodan Nikolić","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70050","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to determine the incidence, distribution, and relation to the knot in a noose position of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle origin hemorrhages in hangings and to assess their occurrence regarding the subjects' major anthropometric characteristics. A retrospective study on 126 cases of suicidal hangings was conducted. Data on the subject's age, body weight and height, thyrohyoid and cervical spine fractures, and presence and distribution of SCM muscle origin hemorrhages were collected. The SCM muscle origin hemorrhage distribution regarding the knot position was analyzed by descriptive statistics and comparing characteristics between typical and atypical hangings, anterior and lateral hangings, and left and right lateral hangings. Median age was 55 years (17-94), body weight was 70.0 kg (40-125), body height was 176.0 cm (145-205). The hemorrhages were present in 108 (85.7%) cases. Bilateral hemorrhages were most common in the anterior knot position (5 of 7 cases, 71.4%), followed by the posterior knot position (N = 33, 53.2%). Unilateral SCM muscle origin hemorrhage was most common in lateral knot positions (N = 20, 35.1%). In lateral hangings, left SCM muscle origin hemorrhage (aOR = 5.76, 95% CI 1.64-20.19) and absence of right SCM muscle origin hemorrhage (aOR = 6.06 95% CI 1.48-24.78) were significantly associated with the left side of the knot. Body weight (≥67.5 kg) was a significant predictor of these hemorrhages (AUC = 0.639, p < 0.05, sensitivity 62.0%, specificity 66.7%). Hemorrhages at the origin of SCM muscles are a common autopsy finding in suicidal hangings, and knot position impacts their occurrence and distribution.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144015883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Portable Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and machine learning for sex determination in third instar Chrysomya rufifacies larvae. 便携式傅里叶变换红外光谱和机器学习在三龄金蝇幼虫性别鉴定中的应用。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-18 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70054

Aidan P Holman, Davis N Pickett, Hunter West, Aaron M Tarone, Dmitry Kurouski

{"title":"Portable Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and machine learning for sex determination in third instar Chrysomya rufifacies larvae.","authors":"Aidan P Holman, Davis N Pickett, Hunter West, Aaron M Tarone, Dmitry Kurouski","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70054","url":null,"abstract":"Forensic entomology is crucial in medicolegal investigations, utilizing insects-primarily flies-to estimate a supplemental post-mortem interval based on their development at the (death) scene. This estimation can be influenced by extrinsic factors like temperature and humidity, as well as intrinsic factors such as species and sex. Previously, benchtop Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy coupled with machine learning demonstrated high accuracy in distinguishing the sex of third instar Cochliomyia macellaria larvae. This study leverages benchtop- and handheld-based FTIR spectroscopy combined with machine learning models-Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLSDA), eXtreme Gradient Boosting trees Discriminant Analysis (XGBDA), and Artificial Neural Networks Discriminant Analysis (ANNDA)-to differentiate between male and female Chrysomya rufifacies larvae, commonly found on human remains. Significant vibrational differences were detected in the mid-infrared spectra of third instar Ch. rufifacies larvae, with a majority of peaks showing a higher abundance of proteins, lipids, and hydrocarbons in male larvae. PLSDA and ANNDA models developed using benchtop FTIR data achieved high external validation accuracies of approximately 90% and 94.5%, respectively, when tested with handheld FTIR data. This nondestructive approach offers the potential to refine supplemental post-mortem interval estimations significantly, enhancing the accuracy of forensic analyses of entomological evidence.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144029702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0