Journal of forensic sciences最新文献_第4页

Optimized detection and localization of copy-rotate-move forgeries using biogeography-based optimization algorithm. 基于生物地理学优化算法的复制-旋转-移动伪造检测与定位

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-05-22 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70068

Deepak Joshi, Abhishek Kashyap, Parul Arora

{"title":"Optimized detection and localization of copy-rotate-move forgeries using biogeography-based optimization algorithm.","authors":"Deepak Joshi, Abhishek Kashyap, Parul Arora","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70068","url":null,"abstract":"In today's digital era, the proliferation of image processing tools has made image forgery detection a critical challenge. Malicious actors exploit these tools to manipulate images, spreading misinformation and misleading society. Existing tampering detection methods struggle with detecting complex transformations such as copy-rotate-move forgeries, often facing limitations in computational efficiency, robustness, and accuracy. Many approaches rely on traditional feature extraction techniques that fail under severe transformations or require extensive processing time. To address these shortcomings, we propose a novel and computationally efficient algorithm that integrates Radon Transform with Biogeography-Based Optimization (BBO) for enhanced copy-rotate-move forgery detection. Unlike conventional optimization techniques, BBO effectively enhances feature selection and matching, improving detection robustness against rotation and scale variations. The proposed algorithm has been rigorously evaluated on multiple benchmark datasets, demonstrating superior performance in terms of F1-score, recall, and accuracy compared to existing state-of-the-art methods. The results affirm that our approach significantly improves forgery localization while maintaining computational efficiency, making it a promising solution for real-world digital forensics applications.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144129836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Crossbow impact effect on clothing and potential associated injuries. 弓弩对衣服的影响和潜在的相关伤害。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70079

Richard Critchley, Niall Patrick Hennessy, James Read, Rachael Hazael

{"title":"Crossbow impact effect on clothing and potential associated injuries.","authors":"Richard Critchley, Niall Patrick Hennessy, James Read, Rachael Hazael","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70079","url":null,"abstract":"There has been an increase in crossbow use for hunting practices, sport target shooting, and criminal activity. In the UK, there is minimal legislation surrounding the crossbow. UK law states individuals must be over 18 to buy or possess a crossbow. To date, little experimental research has been conducted, with most of the research focusing on injuries resulting from crossbow incidents. The aim of this study was to ascertain what effect crossbow bolts would have against ordinary clothing worn by the public and how or if different combinations of clothing would fare differently against the bolts and if that could be of use to the forensic examiner. An 80 lb. Armex tomcat II crossbow was used with three types of clothing used in four combinations, along with a non-clothed gelatine block. The results showed that all 10 bolts penetrated the non-clothed gelatine block, T-shirt, and polo shirt series, while nine bolts penetrated the hoodie/T-shirt combination and only three penetrated the hoodie/polo shirt combination. Significant differences were highlighted between the mean penetration depths of the non-clothed gelatine block and each clothing series, with the highest observed value being the thickest layer combination. Inspections of bolts and wound tracts revealed the presence of clothing fibers. The conclusions of this study demonstrated that this information can be utilized by forensic investigators and medical professionals as a source of trace evidence. Further research into crossbow effects on clothing would prove beneficial to increase the understanding of how the crossbow reacts with the environment.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144103100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of anticoagulant on the spectroscopic analysis of drying bovine blood pools. 抗凝剂对干燥牛血池光谱分析的影响。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70088

Erin Giroux, Iraklii I Ebralidze, Theresa E Stotesbury

{"title":"Influence of anticoagulant on the spectroscopic analysis of drying bovine blood pools.","authors":"Erin Giroux, Iraklii I Ebralidze, Theresa E Stotesbury","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70088","url":null,"abstract":"Rapidly, untreated whole blood undergoes a clotting cascade, making forensic research that investigates \"fresh\" bloodletting events difficult. In bloodstain pattern analysis research, whole blood treated with anticoagulant is often used to prolong the usability of the blood and allow for transport and experimentation to simulate pattern formation using \"fresh\" clot-free blood. Anticoagulants bind to clotting components, making them unavailable to participate in coagulation, preventing the formation of clots. Herein, we investigate the spectral implications of anticoagulant addition for time since deposition (TSD) estimation methods, particularly of larger volume bovine blood pools. We characterized the differences in spectral profiles of blood pools with and without a citrate-based anticoagulant (ACD-A) using visible absorbance, attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopies. Across all methods, notable spectral differences were observed, namely the red-shift in the Soret peak maxima (visible), delayed increase in the 1532 cm-1 peak (ATR-FTIR), and increased accessibility of iron (XPS) in pools treated with ACD-A. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were used to assess the variation in the visible absorbance and ATR-FTIR spectra over time. The blood pools differed most significantly in the first week following deposition due to the addition of water in the anticoagulant, slowed desiccation, and lack of clotting in the treated blood pools. At timepoints exceeding 1 week following deposition, the spectral profiles of the pools regained similarity. In summary, the inclusion of anticoagulants is an important consideration during experimental design and TSD estimation method development.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144103274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Navigating medicine and justice: A life history and phenomenological study of forensic doctors' experiences. 导航医学和司法：法医经历的生活史和现象学研究。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70089

Mateus Eduardo Romão, Ilaria Setti, Gill Thomson, Giorgia Alfano, Serena Barello

{"title":"Navigating medicine and justice: A life history and phenomenological study of forensic doctors' experiences.","authors":"Mateus Eduardo Romão, Ilaria Setti, Gill Thomson, Giorgia Alfano, Serena Barello","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70089","url":null,"abstract":"Forensic doctors play a crucial role at the intersection of medicine and law, offering expertise in legal matters. However, their work exposes them to significant emotional and psychological stress, increasing the risk of burnout. Despite the critical nature of their profession, little research has explored how forensic doctors construct their professional identities, cope with work-related challenges, and make sense of their professional experiences. To address this gap, we adopted a life-history approach combined with interpretative phenomenological analysis to examine the subjective career trajectories and meaning-making processes of forensic doctors in Italy. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 participants, capturing their personal and professional histories. An in-depth analysis identified five key themes: (1) the nature of forensic medicine-participants used metaphors to describe the complexity, artistry, and investigative nature of their work; (2) the professional identity of forensic doctors-how they develop a sense of duty, ethical commitment, and professional resilience throughout their careers; (3) core resources needed to be a forensic doctor-the role of mentorship, specialized skills, and coping strategies in sustaining their careers; (4) what does death have to teach?-the personal impact of continuous exposure to death, shaping their perspectives on life and mortality; (5) esse cum-the challenges, stigma, and stereotypes forensic doctors face in their interactions with colleagues, legal professionals, and society. This study explores the professional identities and coping mechanisms of forensic doctors, revealing that despite facing stigma, emotional strain, and burnout, they find meaning in their work, emphasizing justice and resilience.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144103275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An analysis of firearm legality and lethality in 625 U.S.-based mass murders involving firearms. 对美国625起涉及枪支的大规模谋杀案中枪支合法性和杀伤力的分析。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70078

Russell T Rogers, Hannah Hesson, Sloan E Bergstresser, Paul S Appelbaum, Gary Brucato, Ragy R Girgis

{"title":"An analysis of firearm legality and lethality in 625 U.S.-based mass murders involving firearms.","authors":"Russell T Rogers, Hannah Hesson, Sloan E Bergstresser, Paul S Appelbaum, Gary Brucato, Ragy R Girgis","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70078","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the relationship between firearm regulations and the lethality of mass murder involving firearms has implications for prevention efforts. We examined 625 incidents of mass murder involving firearms that occurred in the United States between 1900 and 2023. The stringency of regulatory practices was based on the 2010 rankings provided by the Giffords Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence. We identified a significant difference in fatalities when examining events in which firearms with only semi-/fully automatic, only non-automatic, or both firing methods were used (p = 0.019), primarily driven by high-fatality rates associated with events in which both types of weapons were used. In high-regulation states, there were significantly fewer events per capita (M = 0.070, SD = 0.044) relative to low-regulation states (M = 0.118, SD = 0.059, p = 0.002). Most events involved firearms that were exclusively acquired legally (64%). The legal status of firearms used in mass murders was significantly associated with fatalities. This was found to be driven primarily by fatalities associated with events in which all firearms were legally acquired being higher than those associated with events in which at least one firearm was illegally acquired. Per capita event and fatality rates of mass murder involving firearms were significantly higher after the Federal Assault Weapons Ban expired. These data support a relationship between firearm regulation and the incidence of mass murder involving firearms, perhaps implying that effective prevention can at least partially be a top-down process.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144096108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparison of culture-dependent and -independent methods for effective post-mortem microbial analysis in forensics. 培养依赖和独立的方法在法医有效的死后微生物分析的比较。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70082

Eun-Mi Hwang, Yoonjung Cho, Min Ho Lee, Kyu-Sik Jeong, Hyeon-Jin Bae, Seong Yeon Yoo

{"title":"Comparison of culture-dependent and -independent methods for effective post-mortem microbial analysis in forensics.","authors":"Eun-Mi Hwang, Yoonjung Cho, Min Ho Lee, Kyu-Sik Jeong, Hyeon-Jin Bae, Seong Yeon Yoo","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70082","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to compare culture-dependent and -independent methods in microbial community analysis with a focus on post-mortem microbiomes, particularly in forensic contexts. By utilizing full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing and propidium monoazide (PMA) treatment, we identified a broader range of microorganisms than that identified using the traditional culture-dependent method. The inclusion of long-read sequencing further enhanced species resolution, addressing limitations associated with short-read sequencing of the V3-V4 region. PMA-treated samples exhibited a higher microbial diversity, indicating the advantages of culture-independent approaches in forensic microbial analysis. Moreover, beta-diversity analysis demonstrated slight differences in microbial composition before and after PMA treatment, but the overall community structure remained similar. Our approach revealed a distinct shift in microbial communities when comparing culture-dependent and -independent methods, with culture-independent approaches yielding richer microbial diversity. These findings emphasize the necessity of culture-independent methods and the use of PMA in forensic microbiology for more accurate microbial profiling and improved forensic applications. The study underscores the value of combining these methodologies to better understand microbial dynamics in post-mortem samples, advancing forensic science.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144096111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development and validation of a combined selected ion monitoring-scan GC-EI-MS method for nitazene analogs. 选择离子监测-扫描相结合的GC-EI-MS方法的开发和验证。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70084

Claire Phelps, Emma K Hardwick, Alleigh N Couch, J Tyler Davidson

{"title":"Development and validation of a combined selected ion monitoring-scan GC-EI-MS method for nitazene analogs.","authors":"Claire Phelps, Emma K Hardwick, Alleigh N Couch, J Tyler Davidson","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70084","url":null,"abstract":"Novel synthetic opioids (NSOs) emerged during the third wave of the opioid epidemic, which has resulted in countless overdose deaths. Although fentanyl and fentanyl analogs are the most common NSOs, changing legislation in China and the United States led to the emergence of another class of NSOs, known as nitazene analogs. Nitazene analogs are very potent, and given their increasing prevalence in seized drug casework, it is imperative that seized drug laboratories have sufficient methods to identify nitazene analogs. This study developed a combined selected ion monitoring (SIM)-scan method to identify 20 nitazene analogs using gas chromatography-electron ionization-mass spectrometry (GC-EI-MS). The method was evaluated in terms of the limit of detection (LOD), carryover, selectivity, repeatability, reproducibility, and processed sample stability. The LOD for the targeted nitazene analogs ranged from 5 to 10 ppm due to increased sensitivity through SIM acquisition. No carryover was observed, and all nitazene analogs could be differentiated from other analogs and common interferences. The repeatability and reproducibility of the method were demonstrated qualitatively. All nitazene analogs were stable at room temperature for at least 24 hours. When applied to the analysis of blind simulant samples, 33 out of 35 samples were correctly identified, with the two misidentifications being due to ion ratios outside of tolerance. Likewise, two authentic nitazene analog casework samples were also correctly identified. The validated SIM-scan method provides a potential solution to identify low concentration nitazene analogs in seized drug casework that might otherwise be missed using routine GC-MS full scan acquisition.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144103118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Measuring factors associated with identification thresholds in fingerprint analysts. 在指纹分析中测量与识别阈值相关的因素。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70085

Nada Aggadi, Meredith Coon, Thomas Busey

引用次数: 0

Standardized measurement of surface dry particle thickness for walkway slip resistance. 人行道防滑用表面干颗粒厚度的标准化测量。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70087

Jonathan Lee-Confer, Lila Wayman, David Collette

引用次数: 0

Simple and nondestructive method to access and process material on coverslipped slides. 一种简单、无损的获取和处理覆片材料的方法。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70083

Natalia Pedraza, Michael A Marciano

{"title":"Simple and nondestructive method to access and process material on coverslipped slides.","authors":"Natalia Pedraza, Michael A Marciano","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70083","url":null,"abstract":"The highly limiting nature of forensic evidence can, many times, force investigators and scientists to access nonoptimal sources of evidence such as slides from sexual assault evidence collection kits or archival slides from autopsies or hospital visits. These slides may contain hair, cells, fibers, or other physical evidence that are trapped in coverslipping media and are difficult to access. Methods to remove coverslips and access this material have been historically undertaken; however, most involve the use of dangerous processes or solvents (e.g., xylene and liquid nitrogen) and may also compromise the sample. We have revisited this and developed a new, simple, nondestructive, and safe method that can be used in concert with the new, more sensitive technology that may be able to improve downstream analysis of slide-bound material. The removal method uses a humid environment to gradually separate the mounting media from the coverslip. The coverslip is then coated in a thin layer of clear nail polish, allowing the coverslip to be removed without cracking, providing access to the sample. The method was able to successfully remove 100% of the coverslips mounted using a variety of mounting media from slides of varying ages (6+ years).","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144082934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0