Journal of forensic sciences最新文献_第4页

The use of dietary isotopes as a preliminary step in the death investigation of unidentified skeletal human remains in British Columbia, Canada. 在加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省对身份不明的人类遗骸进行死亡调查时，使用膳食同位素作为初步步骤。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15653

Damon Tarrant, Laura Yazedjian, Joe Hepburn, Stephen Fonseca, Sahra Talamo, Michael Richards

引用次数: 0

Significance of image brightness levels for PRNU camera identification. 图像亮度对 PRNU 摄像机识别的意义。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15673

Abby Martin, Jennifer Newman

{"title":"Significance of image brightness levels for PRNU camera identification.","authors":"Abby Martin, Jennifer Newman","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.15673","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.15673","url":null,"abstract":"A forensic investigator performing source identification on a questioned image from a crime aims to identify the unknown camera that acquired the image. On the camera sensor, minute spatial variations in intensities between pixels, called photo response non-uniformity (PRNU), provide a unique and persistent artifact appearing in every image acquired by the digital camera. This camera fingerprint is used to produce a score between the questioned image and an unknown camera using a court-approved camera identification algorithm. The score is compared to a fixed threshold to determine a match or no match. Error rates for the court-approved camera-identification PRNU algorithm were established on a very large set of image data, making no distinction between images with different brightness levels. Camera exposure settings and in-camera processing strive to produce a visually pleasing image, but images that are too dark or too bright are not uncommon. While prior work has shown that exposure settings can impact the accuracy of the court-approved algorithm, these settings are often unreliable in the image metadata. In this work, we apply the court-approved PRNU algorithm to a large data set where images are assigned a brightness level as a proxy for exposure settings using a novel classification method and then analyze error rates. We find statistically significant differences between error rates for nominal images and for images labeled dark or bright. Our result suggests that in court, the error rate of the PRNU algorithm for a questioned image may be more accurately characterized when considering the image brightness.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":"132-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11693528/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142678075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Letter to the Editor-The transition point from zero-order to first order in blood alcohol elimination curves. Where is it? 致编辑的信-血液酒精消除曲线从零阶到一阶的过渡点。它在哪里？

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15650

Peter D Maskell, Alanna de Korompay

引用次数: 0

Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) analysis of human nails: Implications for age determination in forensics. 人体指甲的衰减全反射傅立叶变换红外光谱（ATR-FTIR）分析：法医学中年龄测定的意义。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15641

Bilkis Mitu, Václav Trojan, Radovan Hrib, Lenka Halámková

{"title":"Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) analysis of human nails: Implications for age determination in forensics.","authors":"Bilkis Mitu, Václav Trojan, Radovan Hrib, Lenka Halámková","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.15641","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.15641","url":null,"abstract":"A person's age estimation from biological evidence is a crucial aspect of forensic investigations, aiding in victim identification and criminal profiling. In this study, we present a novel approach of utilizing Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectroscopy to predict the age of donors based on nail samples. A diverse dataset comprising nails from donors spanning different age groups was analyzed using ATR FT-IR, with subsequent multivariate analysis techniques used for age prediction. The developed partial least squares regression (PLS-R) model demonstrated promising accuracy in age estimation, with a root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) equal to 11.1 during external validation. Additionally, a partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) classification model achieved high accuracy of 88% in classifying donors into younger and older age groups during external validation. This proof-of-concept study highlights the potential of ATR FT-IR spectroscopy as a non-destructive and efficient tool for age estimation in forensic investigations, offering a new approach to forensic analysis with practical implications.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":"150-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142484300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

GAMEPLANS: A template for robust digital evidence strategy development. GAMEPLANS：强有力的数字证据战略开发模板。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15655

Graeme Horsman

{"title":"GAMEPLANS: A template for robust digital evidence strategy development.","authors":"Graeme Horsman","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.15655","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.15655","url":null,"abstract":"Law enforcement officers should now expect to encounter forms of digital evidence at most of their inquiries, and as a result ensure they are prepared to effectively deal with it. This should involve the production of a digital evidence strategy (DES) which describes those actions required of any investigative team to effectively identify, collect, examine, and evaluate any digital devices/data, while also defining the circumstances for when it is appropriate to conduct such tasks. To help officers to produce robust DESs this work provides a DES template which utilizes the \"GAMEPLANS\" acrostic to identify nine fundamental components that are required of all DESs-\"G\"-Grounds for investigation; \"A\"-Authorization; \"M\"-Method of investigation; \"E\"-Evaluation of the meaning of any findings; \"P\"-Proportionality; \"L\"-Logic; \"A\"-Agreement; \"N\"-Necessity; \"S\"-Scrutiny. Each of these components are described including the sub-tasks that are contained within each, which any officer constructing a robust and effective DES must address (and provide evidence of having addressed). To support this, a DES template file is also provided, which can be utilized by officers.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":"369-375"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11693524/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142607818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How specific is the specificity rule in duty to warn or protect jurisprudence following the Pennsylvania Supreme Court's Maas decision? 宾州最高法院Maas案判决后，警告或保护义务的专一性规则有多具体？

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15664

Allison Radley, Alan R Felthous

{"title":"How specific is the specificity rule in duty to warn or protect jurisprudence following the Pennsylvania Supreme Court's Maas decision?","authors":"Allison Radley, Alan R Felthous","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.15664","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.15664","url":null,"abstract":"Of the various rules establishing a mental health clinician's legal duty to take precautions to protect their patient from harming others, the most common is the specificity rule that limits the protective duty to warn reasonably identifiable victims. The specificity rule is important wherein the main or only specified protective measure is warning the victim. In the last quarter century, Pennsylvania adopted the specificity rule from its Supreme Court Emerich decision. In its recent Maas decision, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court expanded the duty to apply to potential victims who are unnamed and unidentifiable except for living on the same floor as the patient of a multiunit building. Victims constituted a group referenced by the patient as a \"neighbor,\" but from the patient's threats both narrower \"next door neighbor\" and broader \"anyone.\" We place this judicial expansion of the duty to warn within the context of professional ethics guidelines and state Tarasoff statutes that pertain to psychiatrists. The potential adverse consequences of this vague expansion of the specificity rule for clinicians, psychiatric patients, and unconnected citizens of Pennsylvania and for other jurisdictions in which courts could misguidedly follow this expansionist example are discussed, along with potential solutions.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":"237-248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142808910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Results of a large-scale humeri pair matching study. 大规模肱骨配对研究的结果。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15642

Carrie B LeGarde

引用次数: 0

The effect of handedness and biological sex on fingermark ridge height and volume as examined by 3D imaging. 通过三维成像技术研究手型和生理性别对指痕脊高度和体积的影响。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15635

Josep De Alcaraz-Fossoul, Katherine E Dennehy

{"title":"The effect of handedness and biological sex on fingermark ridge height and volume as examined by 3D imaging.","authors":"Josep De Alcaraz-Fossoul, Katherine E Dennehy","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.15635","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.15635","url":null,"abstract":"For decades, detectives and forensic scientists have relied on friction ridge skin comparisons to identify individuals in criminal investigations. This method involves examining (latent) fingermarks, typically captured as two-dimensional (2D) images, and comparing them with known inked impressions or scans. The comparisons focus on general patterns, the location and orientation of minutiae, and additional characteristics like scars or pores. However, this common process overlooks other potentially valuable factors, such as handedness, biological sex, and the time since deposition, which could provide crucial investigative leads, especially in cases with partial or unclear ridge patterns. This study explored the potential of three-dimensional (3D) optical profilometry (OP) to observe changes in fingermarks ridge height and volume over 7 days while considering hand dominance and biological sex. The results indicated that all the assessed 3D metrics were generally consistent in detecting the effects of sex and handedness, mostly noticeable on aged fingermarks. Specifically, females and impressions from their non-dominant hand exhibited higher values. Additionally, the influence of time was evident, with fresh fingermarks showing significantly larger ridges in terms of height and volume. These findings suggest that 3D OP can enhance the probative value of fingermarks by inferring additional characteristics such as sex, handedness, and the age of the impression. These activity-level propositions could provide useful information in cases where only partial or poor-quality fingermarks are recovered, providing new data dimensions that could lead to more comprehensive forensic examinations.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":"284-297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142484304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Commentary on: Gutierrez RE, Prokesch EJ. The false promise of firearms examination validation studies: Lay controls, simplistic comparisons, and the failure to soundly measure misidentification rates. J Forensic Sci. 2024;69(4):1334-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.15531. 评论： Gutierrez RE, Prokesch EJ：Gutierrez RE, Prokesch EJ.枪支检查验证研究的虚假承诺：外行人的控制、简单化的比较以及未能正确衡量错误识别率。J Forensic Sci. 2024; 69(4):1334-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.15531.

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15659

Todd J Weller, Pierre Duez MASc, Ryan Lilien

引用次数: 0

Soft tissue scavenging patterns of mice on human remains. 小鼠对人类遗骸软组织的清除模式。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15649

Alexander J Smith

{"title":"Soft tissue scavenging patterns of mice on human remains.","authors":"Alexander J Smith","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.15649","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.15649","url":null,"abstract":"Rodent scavenging of human remains is repeatedly documented in literature. However, most of this documentation is based on single-case examples. While this information is valuable, it does not provide an in-depth understanding of scavenger behavior in a single environment. Mouse scavenging data, in particular, lack larger sample sizes and data representing the full duration of scavenging activity. In documented cases, mice scavenge primarily the hands, the feet, and the head without significant progression into the rest of the body. At the Forensic Investigation Research Station in Whitewater, Colorado, deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus group) scavenged tissue from 11 human donors. Motion activated game cameras and regular field photography documented scavenging progression and deer mouse behavior. Deer mice generally showed a preference for skin and fat, rarely consuming enough muscle to expose bone. The most scavenged sections of the body were the limbs and deer mice generally ignored the hands, the feet, and the head, unlike previous documentation. In a few cases, deer mice consumed tissue on the limbs in a distinct trail pattern. Most of the scavenging began in spring. This sample greatly expands on the existing documentation of mice overall and contributes much needed data on the progression of scavenging. Scavengers can have a significant impact on a death scene, so detailed documentation of different scavengers in a variety of environments can prove useful in the investigation process.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":"258-263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142570867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0