Journal of forensic sciences最新文献_第4页

Correction to "The development of two fast genotyping assays for the differentiation of hemp from marijuana". 更正“两种快速区分大麻和大麻基因分型方法的建立”。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-08-24 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70168

引用次数: 0

Obstructive coronary ostial thromboemboli mimicking vegetation. 阻塞性冠状动脉口血栓栓子模拟植被。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-08-20 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70159

Chandini C Nair, Ajay Balachandran, Anjana Menon P, Febby K Philip, Mini Bhaskara Shenoy

{"title":"Obstructive coronary ostial thromboemboli mimicking vegetation.","authors":"Chandini C Nair, Ajay Balachandran, Anjana Menon P, Febby K Philip, Mini Bhaskara Shenoy","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70159","url":null,"abstract":"Sudden cardiac death (SCD) in adolescents is rare and often attributed to previously undiagnosed cardiac conditions, including genetic cardiomyopathies, congenital anomalies, conduction disorders, or thrombotic events. In atypical cases, intracardiac or vascular thromboembolism may resemble vegetations, posing a diagnostic challenge during postmortem evaluation. Thorough investigation, including histopathological analysis, is critical to accurately determine the cause of death. We report the case of a 14-year-old girl who experienced acute chest pain and vomiting shortly after school. Although she received immediate emergency care, she collapsed and passed away within hours. She had a history of occasional chest pain, but prior cardiac evaluations had been normal. The autopsy revealed soft, vegetation-like masses blocking both coronary ostia, raising suspicion of several potential underlying conditions. The differential diagnosis includes infective endocarditis, nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis, thromboembolus formation, cardiac tumors, vasculitis, and iatrogenic causes. There was no evidence of infection or other common predisposing factors for the thromboembolism. The patient had been fasting during Ramadan, raising the possibility of dehydration and increased blood viscosity as contributing factors. This case highlights the potential for coronary thromboembolism to mimic vegetations. Histopathological examination can yield crucial insights that aid in establishing an accurate diagnosis. SCD in adolescents, particularly in the absence of known risk factors, warrants a comprehensive medicolegal autopsy to uncover underlying or contributing pathologies. Accurate differentiation between thromboembolism and vegetations is essential for correct diagnosis, understanding of pathophysiology, and prevention strategies.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144983671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantitative study of zero-amplitude sample padding in iOS AAC encoding: Consistency across devices and the impact of background noise. iOS AAC编码中零振幅样本填充的定量研究：跨设备的一致性和背景噪声的影响。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-08-19 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70157

Gregory S Wales

{"title":"Quantitative study of zero-amplitude sample padding in iOS AAC encoding: Consistency across devices and the impact of background noise.","authors":"Gregory S Wales","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70157","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1556-4029.70157","url":null,"abstract":"Zero-amplitude sample padding (\"zero-padding\") is automatically inserted during Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) encoding by iOS applications such as Apple Voice Memos, potentially affecting the reliability of forensic audio stream hashing by altering decoded audio data structure without impacting perceptual content. This study quantitatively analyzed 100 M4A (AAC) recordings from 11 iPhone devices across 5 distinct models under controlled high and low background noise conditions to examine the consistency of zero-padding across devices (RQ1) and the influence of background noise (RQ2). Pre-signal zero-padding was measured using validated methods across MATLAB, Pydub, and Py-audioread. Statistical analyses revealed significant variability in pre-signal padding (median: 2070.5 samples, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, p < 0.001, large effect size), exceeding the expected 1024-sample priming value described in Apple's documentation. Background noise significantly influenced padding, with higher noise associated with reduced pre-signal padding (Mann-Whitney U, p < 0.001, Cliff's delta = 0.244, 95% CI for median difference: -214.00, -61.00). Pre-signal padding measurements were consistent across tools, but post-signal padding showed tool-dependent variability. These findings provide a validated foundation for understanding zero-padding in iOS AAC encoding, informing the development of adaptive forensic verification methods to enhance the reliability of audio stream hashing in digital evidence analysis.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144884678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimization and validation of a method for rapid quantitation of fentanyl in seized-drug samples using direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS). 实时质谱直接分析（DART-MS）快速定量查获药物样品中芬太尼方法的优化和验证。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-08-18 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70156

Sandra E Rodriguez-Cruz

{"title":"Optimization and validation of a method for rapid quantitation of fentanyl in seized-drug samples using direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS).","authors":"Sandra E Rodriguez-Cruz","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70156","url":null,"abstract":"The rise of illicitly manufactured fentanyl and fentanyl-related substances has overwhelmed seized-drug laboratories and resulted in an explosive surge of analysis requests, increasing backlogs and turn-around times. Direct analysis in real time (DART) ionization in combination with mass spectrometry has proven valuable as an identification tool for forensic laboratories by providing fast and reliable results. However, its application for quantitative analyses has been limited. In this work, the standardized DART-mass spectrometry (MS) qualitative method used throughout Drug Enforcement Administration laboratories was optimized and validated for rapid quantitation of fentanyl-containing samples. Sample solutions were prepared in methanol and ionized using a 3-s pulse of metastable helium atoms, while protonated molecular ions for fentanyl and fentanyl-d5 were monitored over a 12-s MS acquisition window using selected-ion monitoring. Measured peak area ratios resulted in great linear behavior (r > 0.999) over a fentanyl concentration range of 2-250 μg/mL and a calculated LOQ of 3.8 μg/mL. Validation of the method demonstrated excellent within-batch and between-day precision (relative standard deviations <6%) and high accuracy (mostly <10% error). Assessments involved numerous analyses (n = 57) of a quality control sample over the validation period and the testing of 9 laboratory-prepared and 15 real-life casework samples using an experimental protocol that allowed (a) contemporaneous establishment of a 3-point calibration curve; (b) analysis of negative and positive controls; and (c) analysis of two different samples (in duplicate), all within a single analysis batch of about 4.2 min. The validity and effectiveness of the DART-MS methodology for the quantitation of fentanyl in drug samples were hence demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144877621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Canadian water-related fatalities: Demographic, situational, and environmental risk factors. 加拿大与水有关的死亡：人口、情景和环境风险因素。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-08-13 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70153

Vienna Chichi Lam, James Bryan Kinney, Lisa Hanson Ouelette, Barbara Byers, Gail Scott Anderson

{"title":"Canadian water-related fatalities: Demographic, situational, and environmental risk factors.","authors":"Vienna Chichi Lam, James Bryan Kinney, Lisa Hanson Ouelette, Barbara Byers, Gail Scott Anderson","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70153","url":null,"abstract":"Unintentional water-related deaths are an ongoing global problem, despite being named by the United Nations as one of the leading preventable causes of death. To address the need for enhanced analysis of drowning risk factors, including demographic and situational conditions that may influence death outcomes, this research involved a three-phase multimodal risk assessment by utilizing unintentional water-related death records (n = 5105) from all Canadian provinces and territories from Jan 2006 to Dec 2016, census boundaries, hydrological shape files, and spectrum management data on all cellular towers. These were all accidental fatalities, where decedent demographics, situational case factors, and environmental conditions are known, including whether a rescue attempt occurred. It is believed that those who had a rescue attempt were better situated to have favorable outcomes but were unable to survive. Binary logistic regression shows that Indigenous persons experience 1.9× greater risk of not being rescued. Alcohol involvement doubled the risk of not being rescued. Differences in rescue likelihood by age were observed for youth, where there are greater expectations of guardianship. Results highlight the risk of being alone, and minors were found to be ineffectual interveners. Perimortem activities also show how many of these deaths involved unintentional water entry. Seasonal and temporal analyses reveal risky peak times during evenings and weekends and demonstrate the importance of per capita calculations in comparing risk between differently sized populations. Last, a novel approach was devised to stratify risk based on the probability of accessing cellular reception for emergency medical services at drowning locations.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144850202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Acetaminophen pharmacobezoar following a massive suicidal ingestion. 大量自杀性摄入对乙酰氨基酚。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-08-13 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70155

Tom Steckler, Adeline Blanchot, Laurie Gheddar, Jean-Sébastien Raul, Pascal Kintz

{"title":"Acetaminophen pharmacobezoar following a massive suicidal ingestion.","authors":"Tom Steckler, Adeline Blanchot, Laurie Gheddar, Jean-Sébastien Raul, Pascal Kintz","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70155","url":null,"abstract":"A 61-year-old woman died in intensive care 3 days after a massive acetaminophen intoxication with suicidal intent. Investigations at the scene revealed at least 350 empty 500 mg capsule shells, whose content had presumably been consumed. A forensic autopsy, whole-body computed tomography, toxicological screening, and histopathological analysis were performed. The postmortem CT imaging and autopsy revealed a 10 × 9 × 7 cm pharmacobezoar in the gastric lumen. The formation of such a concretion is unusual for a moderately water-soluble drug such as acetaminophen. However, the massive amount of drug ingested and simultaneous alcohol consumption may have contributed to the phenomenon. Magnesium stearate, present as an excipient, may have also concurred by lowering the drug's solubility. The toxicological analysis identified a toxic acetaminophen femoral blood level of 690 mg/L, suggesting delayed absorption of the substance due to the bezoar. This case supports the hypothesis that acetaminophen pharmacobezoars may be responsible for the Bactrian (or \"double-hump\") pharmacokinetics sometimes observed in massive overdoses. Second, while the cause of death was attributed to acetaminophen toxicity, no liver necrosis was observed on histopathological analysis, casting doubt on the hypothesis of acute liver failure. Although the present report is limited by the unavailability of the medical records, it suggests that the intoxication may have caused death through another mechanism.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144850201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Drug-facilitated crime: A review of findings between 2019 and 2023. 毒品促成犯罪：对2019年至2023年调查结果的回顾。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-08-12 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70151

Meaghan R Hessler, Sherri L Kacinko, Barry K Logan

{"title":"Drug-facilitated crime: A review of findings between 2019 and 2023.","authors":"Meaghan R Hessler, Sherri L Kacinko, Barry K Logan","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70151","url":null,"abstract":"Drug-facilitated crime (DFC) is a criminal act (e.g., assault, robbery, or sexual assault) in which the perpetrator uses drugs to impair the victim's ability to resist, remember, or recognize the crime being committed. Ethanol is commonly implicated in DFC casework, but limited data are published on other substances currently implicated in these crimes. DFC cases submitted to a large forensic reference laboratory between 2019 and 2023 were analyzed. Analytes and combinations were evaluated based on effect class. In total, 2371 blood samples and 5,041 urine samples were tested for common alcohols, GHB, and a variety of illicit and prescription medications. The most prevalent drug classes were cannabinoids (delta-9-THC/delta-9-THCCOOH), ethanol, and stimulants, with delta-9 THC/metabolites being most prevalent in both matrices, followed closely by ethanol. The stimulant drug class's most prevalent analytes include methamphetamine, cocaine/cocaine metabolites, and amphetamine. Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and flunitrazepam were infrequently detected. Polydrug combination data showed similar trends to when substances were identified alone, specifically that ethanol, cannabinoids, or a stimulant were often found in combination. Sedating substances were more prevalent than stimulating substances, specifically benzodiazepines and antihistamines. Polydrug data support urine collection in DFC cases, as they identified analytes in 22% of cases with negative blood toxicology. Recent literature notes novel psychoactive substances, including designer benzodiazepines, being detected in DFC cases globally, and recommends their inclusion in comprehensive DFC scopes. It is imperative that the appropriate matrix, scope, and limitations be evaluated to accurately determine trends, and scopes are continuously updated to capture the ever-changing drug market.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144839483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A retrospective analysis of decedent fluvial transport. 遗存河流搬运的回顾性分析。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-08-12 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70152

Heather M Garvin, Tessa Punteney, Vanko Gustavo Bicar, Zoe Lambert, Jonathan Thompson

{"title":"A retrospective analysis of decedent fluvial transport.","authors":"Heather M Garvin, Tessa Punteney, Vanko Gustavo Bicar, Zoe Lambert, Jonathan Thompson","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70152","url":null,"abstract":"The search for human remains from river systems presents significant challenges due to the complex and variable nature of fluvial environments. Estimating transport distances is critical for defining search areas; yet, no reliable predictive methods exist. Scientific literature on the fluvial transport of human bodies is limited, and the extent of variability in transport outcomes remains poorly documented. This study investigates patterns of body transport in 101 medicolegal cases across Iowa, a state characterized by diverse river systems and seasonal climatic variation, to assess how factors such as postmortem interval (PMI), river discharge rate (volume of water flowing through a river channel), season, clothing, and body mass index (BMI) affect fluvial transport distances. Results show that larger rivers with higher discharge rates are generally associated with longer transport distances and PMIs. River discharge explained approximately 20% of the variation in transport distance, and PMI accounted for 5%. However, substantial variability exists, with some bodies traveling significant distances in short periods (e.g., 1.2 miles in 30 min), even in medium-sized rivers. The longest transport was 89 miles in the Mississippi River. Seasonal timing and clothing had minor effects, with heavily clothed winter entries traveling further with higher PMIs. BMI had no significant correlation with transport outcomes. Understanding the range of possible transport distances can inform search strategies. The potential for long-distance transport advocates for increased inter-jurisdictional coordination in search efforts. These results contribute to the limited forensic literature on riverine body transport and provide insight into search and recovery operations.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144839482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

One house, two bodies: Investigating non-traumatic companion deaths and challenges in the "Philemon and Baucis" syndrome. 一所房子，两具尸体：调查非创伤性伴侣死亡和“菲利蒙和柏西斯”综合症的挑战。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-08-10 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70149

Ilaria Tarozzi, Lorenzo Gitto, Christopher C Borck, Deland Weyrauch

{"title":"One house, two bodies: Investigating non-traumatic companion deaths and challenges in the \"Philemon and Baucis\" syndrome.","authors":"Ilaria Tarozzi, Lorenzo Gitto, Christopher C Borck, Deland Weyrauch","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70149","url":null,"abstract":"Companion deaths have received little attention in the forensic literature, especially those resulting from natural causes. These include so-called \"Philemon and Bauci\" deaths, referring to the natural demise of two emotionally bonded individuals, occurring within brief temporal proximity, conceptualized as the death of one person as a reaction to the death of the other. This study investigates companion fatalities documented by two large medical examiner offices in the United States over 10 years, focusing on cases where at least one individual's cause of death is non-traumatic. Ninety-two total companion cases met the inclusion criteria, including 14 double natural deaths characterized as caregiving relationships, where the dependent individual died after the natural death of the caregiver. Five companion cases were separately categorized as \"Philemon and Baucis-like\", as they were similar in features to the so-called Philemon and Baucis deaths previously described in the literature, and a caregiving relationship could not be substantiated. Other case types involved drug toxicity, carbon monoxide poisoning, hypothermia, and several unique causes and manners of death. The largest study on non-traumatic companion deaths to date, this investigation reveals the opportunities, challenges, overlap, and limitations in distinguishing between \"Philemon and Baucis\" deaths and double deaths resulting from caregiving relationships. Key points of emphasis in the investigation, autopsy, and certification of such companion deaths are discussed, as considerations for the practicing forensic pathologist.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144818921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Relationships between meaning and purpose in life, life satisfaction, and occupational burnout among forensic specialists and autopsy technicians, and the impact of autopsy practice. 法医专家和尸检技术人员的生活意义和目的、生活满意度和职业倦怠的关系，以及尸检实践的影响。

IF 1.8

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2025-08-09 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.70154

Uğur Kayhan, Zafer Liman

{"title":"Relationships between meaning and purpose in life, life satisfaction, and occupational burnout among forensic specialists and autopsy technicians, and the impact of autopsy practice.","authors":"Uğur Kayhan, Zafer Liman","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.70154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70154","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to examine the relationships among meaning and purpose in life, life satisfaction, and occupational burnout among forensic medicine specialists and autopsy technicians. Additionally, the impact of individual and professional variables, including autopsy frequency, on these psychosocial outcomes was investigated. The sample consisted of 298 participants, comprising forensic specialists and autopsy technicians. Data were collected using standardized instruments: the Meaning and Purpose in Life Scale (MPLS), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, reliability testing, correlation and regression analyses, as well as t-tests and ANOVA. The results indicated that MPLS and SWLS had moderate reliability, while the MBI showed moderate internal consistency. A strong positive correlation was observed between meaning in life and life satisfaction. Conversely, both were significantly negatively correlated with burnout. Regression analyses revealed that higher MPLS and SWLS scores significantly predicted lower levels of burnout. Moreover, significant differences in MPLS, SWLS, and MBI scores were found based on education level, income, institution, professional role, years of experience, and autopsy workload. The findings suggest that meaning and purpose in life, along with life satisfaction, serve as protective factors against occupational burnout in forensic medicine professionals. High autopsy workload and recent involvement in autopsy procedures were associated with reduced psychological well-being. These results underscore the importance of institutional strategies to support the mental health and long-term sustainability of this vital workforce.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144805520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0