Journal of forensic sciences最新文献_第3页

Mercy killing of a 72-year-old woman through heroin intoxication. 因海洛因中毒而怜悯杀害一名 72 岁的妇女。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15637

Johann Zwirner, Stefanie Iwersen-Bergmann, Klaus Püschel, Benjamin Ondruschka

{"title":"Mercy killing of a 72-year-old woman through heroin intoxication.","authors":"Johann Zwirner, Stefanie Iwersen-Bergmann, Klaus Püschel, Benjamin Ondruschka","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.15637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.15637","url":null,"abstract":"Active euthanasia is legally permissible in only eight jurisdictions worldwide and may only be administered by qualified personnel following specific selection criteria. Mercy killing refers to the deliberate termination of the life of an individual suffering from a terminal chronic medical condition. Detecting both illegally performed active euthanasia and instances of mercy killing presents challenges for forensic pathologists. The presented case describes a mercy killing involving a 72-year-old woman with multiple chronic conditions who was killed by her grandson via heroin intoxication after administration of the anxiolytic alprazolam. Key findings from the external postmortem examination included a single fresh injection site on the inside of the elbow and a superficial T-shaped cut on the flexor side of the left forearm. Toxicological analyses revealed elevated blood levels of heroin metabolites, including 6-monoacetylmorphine and absence of hydroxyalprazolam, indicating an only short survival time following heroin injection. A cocaine concentration in blood was comparatively low but rather high in hair samples. Elderly individuals with multiple chronic conditions are at increased risk of becoming homicide victims. Comprehensive forensic documentation of injection sites is essential to avoid overlooking deaths caused by injection and to differentiate them from medical measures during resuscitation attempts.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142607834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Beyond binary: Analyzing closed-source data to compare specific roles and behaviors within violent and nonviolent terrorist involvement. 超越二元对立：分析闭源数据，比较暴力和非暴力恐怖主义参与中的特定角色和行为。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15648

Amber Seaward, Zoe Marchment, Caitlin Clemmow, Frank Farnham, Richard Taylor, Luc Taperell, Sara Henley, Sara Boulter, Karen Townend, Paul Gill

{"title":"Beyond binary: Analyzing closed-source data to compare specific roles and behaviors within violent and nonviolent terrorist involvement.","authors":"Amber Seaward, Zoe Marchment, Caitlin Clemmow, Frank Farnham, Richard Taylor, Luc Taperell, Sara Henley, Sara Boulter, Karen Townend, Paul Gill","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.15648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.15648","url":null,"abstract":"Increasingly, studies compare risk and protective factors for involvement in violent and nonviolent terrorist behaviors. This exploratory study investigates whether this distinction is sufficient, or whether it should be disaggregated further into more granular terrorist roles and behaviors. Using data on 404 referrals to a UK countering violent extremism Prevent hub specializing in mental health and associated needs, we compare violent and nonviolent referrals, and then more specific behaviors (vulnerability, proactive extremism, foreign fighting, and violence planning). Bivariate and multivariate analyses show there is value in disaggregating beyond the binary violence versus nonviolence distinction, as more (and more detailed) relationships emerged when using the disaggregated set of behaviors. While gender did not differentiate violent and nonviolent referrals, women were more likely to be referred for radicalization vulnerability or potential foreign fighting. Extreme right-wing and extreme Islamist referrals were no more or less violent overall, but Islamist referrals were disproportionately referred for both the most and least violent behaviors. Personality and developmental disorders were associated with violence, and disaggregated behaviors provided detailed insight into the drivers of these associations. These exploratory findings, while interesting, likely do not generalize beyond our specific sample. Instead, this study's value lies in demonstrating the utility for both research and, eventually, practice of disaggregating beyond violence and nonviolence. The results demonstrate clear operational implications for threat assessment in the need to include a more refined set of risk factors to aid in assessing risk of more relevant outcomes than terrorist involvement overall.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142607817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The use of dietary isotopes as a preliminary step in the death investigation of unidentified skeletal human remains in British Columbia, Canada. 在加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省对身份不明的人类遗骸进行死亡调查时，使用膳食同位素作为初步步骤。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15653

Damon Tarrant, Laura Yazedjian, Joe Hepburn, Stephen Fonseca, Sahra Talamo, Michael Richards

引用次数: 0

GAMEPLANS: A template for robust digital evidence strategy development. GAMEPLANS：强有力的数字证据战略开发模板。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15655

Graeme Horsman

引用次数: 0

Acid attacks on pin-tumbler locks. 用酸性物质攻击针刺锁。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15647

Lars Oliver Meisel, Matthias Weber

引用次数: 0

Letter to the editor-The transition point from zero-order to first order in blood alcohol elimination curves. Where is it? 致编辑的信-血液酒精消除曲线从零阶到一阶的过渡点。它在哪里？

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15650

Peter D Maskell, Alanna de Korompay

引用次数: 0

Soft tissue scavenging patterns of mice on human remains. 小鼠对人类遗骸软组织的清除模式。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15649

Alexander J Smith

{"title":"Soft tissue scavenging patterns of mice on human remains.","authors":"Alexander J Smith","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.15649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.15649","url":null,"abstract":"Rodent scavenging of human remains is repeatedly documented in literature. However, most of this documentation is based on single-case examples. While this information is valuable, it does not provide an in-depth understanding of scavenger behavior in a single environment. Mouse scavenging data, in particular, lack larger sample sizes and data representing the full duration of scavenging activity. In documented cases, mice scavenge primarily the hands, the feet, and the head without significant progression into the rest of the body. At the Forensic Investigation Research Station in Whitewater, Colorado, deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus group) scavenged tissue from 11 human donors. Motion activated game cameras and regular field photography documented scavenging progression and deer mouse behavior. Deer mice generally showed a preference for skin and fat, rarely consuming enough muscle to expose bone. The most scavenged sections of the body were the limbs and deer mice generally ignored the hands, the feet, and the head, unlike previous documentation. In a few cases, deer mice consumed tissue on the limbs in a distinct trail pattern. Most of the scavenging began in spring. This sample greatly expands on the existing documentation of mice overall and contributes much needed data on the progression of scavenging. Scavengers can have a significant impact on a death scene, so detailed documentation of different scavengers in a variety of environments can prove useful in the investigation process.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142570867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Handling finding counts in handwriting analysis - Avoiding the overrepresentation of unusual writing scenarios. 处理笔迹分析中的查找次数--避免不寻常书写情况过多出现。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15643

Rolf Berty

引用次数: 0

Beyond the mix: Advancements in simultaneous detection and quantification of human, dog, and cat DNA. 超越混合：同时检测和量化人类、狗和猫 DNA 的进展。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15644

Hyeon-Jin Bae, Kyu-Sik Jeong, Jung-Eun Kim, Eun-Mi Hwang, Seong Yeon Yoo

{"title":"Beyond the mix: Advancements in simultaneous detection and quantification of human, dog, and cat DNA.","authors":"Hyeon-Jin Bae, Kyu-Sik Jeong, Jung-Eun Kim, Eun-Mi Hwang, Seong Yeon Yoo","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.15644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.15644","url":null,"abstract":"Animal-related crimes have increased with an increase in the number of pets worldwide, underscoring the importance of animal-related biological evidence at crime scenes. Evidence obtained in cases involving dogs and cats often includes a mixture of human and animal DNA. In this study, we developed a method using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) to simultaneously identify and quantitatively detect human, dog, and cat DNA in mixed samples. HLA-DRA was chosen as a human-specific marker, OR6D7 as a dog-specific marker, and FLAI-K as a cat-specific marker. The species specificity of each target was confirmed using 14 control DNA samples from 11 mammals and 3 birds. Sensitivity tests determined the limit of detection to be 0.0008 ng/μL for human DNA and 0.00061 ng/μL for dog and cat DNA. In the mixture test, each DNA sample was independently and accurately detected in samples containing trace amounts of all three types of DNA. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of applying ddPCR to forensic case samples from dog- and cat-related incidents. We have presented a reliable method for the accurate identification and quantification of human, dog, and cat DNA simultaneously, offering possibilities for advancements in forensic DNA analysis and related fields.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantifying the strength of firearms comparisons based on error rate studies. 根据误差率研究量化枪械比较的强度。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15646

Nada Aggadi, Kimberley Zeller, Tom Busey

引用次数: 0