Journal of forensic sciences最新文献

Acid attacks on pin-tumbler locks. 用酸性物质攻击针刺锁。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15647

Lars Oliver Meisel, Matthias Weber

引用次数: 0

Letter to the editor-The transition point from zero-order to first order in blood alcohol elimination curves. Where is it? 致编辑的信-血液酒精消除曲线从零阶到一阶的过渡点。它在哪里？

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15650

Peter D Maskell, Alanna de Korompay

引用次数: 0

Soft tissue scavenging patterns of mice on human remains. 小鼠对人类遗骸软组织的清除模式。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15649

Alexander J Smith

{"title":"Soft tissue scavenging patterns of mice on human remains.","authors":"Alexander J Smith","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.15649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.15649","url":null,"abstract":"Rodent scavenging of human remains is repeatedly documented in literature. However, most of this documentation is based on single-case examples. While this information is valuable, it does not provide an in-depth understanding of scavenger behavior in a single environment. Mouse scavenging data, in particular, lack larger sample sizes and data representing the full duration of scavenging activity. In documented cases, mice scavenge primarily the hands, the feet, and the head without significant progression into the rest of the body. At the Forensic Investigation Research Station in Whitewater, Colorado, deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus group) scavenged tissue from 11 human donors. Motion activated game cameras and regular field photography documented scavenging progression and deer mouse behavior. Deer mice generally showed a preference for skin and fat, rarely consuming enough muscle to expose bone. The most scavenged sections of the body were the limbs and deer mice generally ignored the hands, the feet, and the head, unlike previous documentation. In a few cases, deer mice consumed tissue on the limbs in a distinct trail pattern. Most of the scavenging began in spring. This sample greatly expands on the existing documentation of mice overall and contributes much needed data on the progression of scavenging. Scavengers can have a significant impact on a death scene, so detailed documentation of different scavengers in a variety of environments can prove useful in the investigation process.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142570867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Handling finding counts in handwriting analysis - Avoiding the overrepresentation of unusual writing scenarios. 处理笔迹分析中的查找次数--避免不寻常书写情况过多出现。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15643

Rolf Berty

引用次数: 0

Beyond the mix: Advancements in simultaneous detection and quantification of human, dog, and cat DNA. 超越混合：同时检测和量化人类、狗和猫 DNA 的进展。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15644

Hyeon-Jin Bae, Kyu-Sik Jeong, Jung-Eun Kim, Eun-Mi Hwang, Seong Yeon Yoo

{"title":"Beyond the mix: Advancements in simultaneous detection and quantification of human, dog, and cat DNA.","authors":"Hyeon-Jin Bae, Kyu-Sik Jeong, Jung-Eun Kim, Eun-Mi Hwang, Seong Yeon Yoo","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.15644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.15644","url":null,"abstract":"Animal-related crimes have increased with an increase in the number of pets worldwide, underscoring the importance of animal-related biological evidence at crime scenes. Evidence obtained in cases involving dogs and cats often includes a mixture of human and animal DNA. In this study, we developed a method using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) to simultaneously identify and quantitatively detect human, dog, and cat DNA in mixed samples. HLA-DRA was chosen as a human-specific marker, OR6D7 as a dog-specific marker, and FLAI-K as a cat-specific marker. The species specificity of each target was confirmed using 14 control DNA samples from 11 mammals and 3 birds. Sensitivity tests determined the limit of detection to be 0.0008 ng/μL for human DNA and 0.00061 ng/μL for dog and cat DNA. In the mixture test, each DNA sample was independently and accurately detected in samples containing trace amounts of all three types of DNA. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of applying ddPCR to forensic case samples from dog- and cat-related incidents. We have presented a reliable method for the accurate identification and quantification of human, dog, and cat DNA simultaneously, offering possibilities for advancements in forensic DNA analysis and related fields.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantifying the strength of firearms comparisons based on error rate studies. 根据误差率研究量化枪械比较的强度。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15646

Nada Aggadi, Kimberley Zeller, Tom Busey

引用次数: 0

Sex estimation using metrics of the innominate: A test of the DSP2 method. 利用先天性骨的度量进行性别估计：DSP2 方法测试

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15645

Kate M Lesciotto, Alexandra R Klales

{"title":"Sex estimation using metrics of the innominate: A test of the DSP2 method.","authors":"Kate M Lesciotto, Alexandra R Klales","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.15645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.15645","url":null,"abstract":"Sex estimation is a critical component of the biological profile, and forensic anthropologists may use a variety of sex estimation methods depending upon the degree of completeness and state of preservation of the skeletal remains being analyzed. The innominate is widely accepted to be the most sexually dimorphic skeletal element. The Diagnose Sexuelle Probabiliste (DSP) method, which uses 10 measurements of the innominate, was introduced in 2005 and updated as DSP2 in 2017. While DSP2 has been reported to have high classification accuracy rates in studies of South American and European populations, the method has not been widely tested in US samples, and few US practitioners incorporate this method into their casework. The goal of this study was to test the reliability and accuracy of DSP2 using a large, modern sample from the US (n = 174). Two observers, blinded from demographic information associated with each specimen, collected the DSP2 metrics. Intra- and interobserver error analyses showed acceptable levels of agreement for all measurements, except for IIMT. Classification accuracies exceeded 95%, with minimal sex bias, for both observers and using various measurement combinations; however, an inclusivity sex bias occurred with more males reaching the 0.95 posterior probability threshold required by DSP2 to provide a sex classification estimate. Based on its high accuracy, forensic anthropologists in the US may consider incorporating DSP2 into their casework, although we recommend excluding IIMT and using SPU with caution. Additional methods will continue to be needed when the posterior probability threshold is not reached.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142515392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Psychopathology, psychopathy, body management, and undoing in youthful parricide offenders. 青少年弒親罪犯的精神病理、精神變態、身體管理和復仇。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15636

Wade Myers, Heng Choon Oliver Chan, Mark Safarik, Zain Khalid, Eleanor Vo

{"title":"Psychopathology, psychopathy, body management, and undoing in youthful parricide offenders.","authors":"Wade Myers, Heng Choon Oliver Chan, Mark Safarik, Zain Khalid, Eleanor Vo","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.15636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.15636","url":null,"abstract":"This study of 21 youthful parricide offenders (YPOs) ages 11-21 examined the relationship between psychopathology, level of psychopathy, and crime scene behaviors, particularly two forms of \"body management\": (1) \"body movement\" and (2) \"body alteration.\" Undoing, a form of body alteration reflecting psychological rather than practical needs, for example, to lessen guilt or symbolically reverse the killing, was present in one-third of the sample. The sample shared common characteristics with juvenile parricide offenders overall in that most of them killed one parent, were victims of chronic child abuse, had one or more psychiatric diagnoses (PTSD was most prevalent), used a firearm, and committed the killings at the family home. Unexpectedly, YPOs who were child abuse victims were not more likely to engage in undoing behaviors than non-abused youth, and over half of the youth with undoing behaviors had elevated psychopathy levels. Three-quarters of youth who moved victim bodies following the murders had elevated psychopathy levels. Similarly, all three youth who transported bodies away from the crime scene had elevated psychopathy levels and conduct disorder. None of the youth with psychotic symptoms engaged in undoing behaviors, altered victim bodies, moved bodies either within or away from the home, or had an elevated degree of psychopathy; they also most often killed using bladed weapons, whereas the nonpsychotic youth usually used firearms. Studies examining the influence of mental illness and psychopathy level on parricidal behaviors by youth are scarce, and to our knowledge this is the largest study to date investigating this area.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142515391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of handedness and biological sex on fingermark ridge height and volume as examined by 3D imaging. 通过三维成像技术研究手型和生理性别对指痕脊高度和体积的影响。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15635

Josep De Alcaraz-Fossoul, Katherine E Dennehy

{"title":"The effect of handedness and biological sex on fingermark ridge height and volume as examined by 3D imaging.","authors":"Josep De Alcaraz-Fossoul, Katherine E Dennehy","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.15635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.15635","url":null,"abstract":"For decades, detectives and forensic scientists have relied on friction ridge skin comparisons to identify individuals in criminal investigations. This method involves examining (latent) fingermarks, typically captured as two-dimensional (2D) images, and comparing them with known inked impressions or scans. The comparisons focus on general patterns, the location and orientation of minutiae, and additional characteristics like scars or pores. However, this common process overlooks other potentially valuable factors, such as handedness, biological sex, and the time since deposition, which could provide crucial investigative leads, especially in cases with partial or unclear ridge patterns. This study explored the potential of three-dimensional (3D) optical profilometry (OP) to observe changes in fingermarks ridge height and volume over 7 days while considering hand dominance and biological sex. The results indicated that all the assessed 3D metrics were generally consistent in detecting the effects of sex and handedness, mostly noticeable on aged fingermarks. Specifically, females and impressions from their non-dominant hand exhibited higher values. Additionally, the influence of time was evident, with fresh fingermarks showing significantly larger ridges in terms of height and volume. These findings suggest that 3D OP can enhance the probative value of fingermarks by inferring additional characteristics such as sex, handedness, and the age of the impression. These activity-level propositions could provide useful information in cases where only partial or poor-quality fingermarks are recovered, providing new data dimensions that could lead to more comprehensive forensic examinations.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142484304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of a forensic DNA research grade test material. 开发法医 DNA 研究级测试材料。

Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15639

Erica L Romsos, Lisa A Borsuk, Carolyn R Steffen, Sarah Riman, Kevin M Kiesler, Peter M Vallone

{"title":"Development of a forensic DNA research grade test material.","authors":"Erica L Romsos, Lisa A Borsuk, Carolyn R Steffen, Sarah Riman, Kevin M Kiesler, Peter M Vallone","doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.15639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.15639","url":null,"abstract":"Advancements in forensic DNA typing technology and methods have increased sensitivity and, while beneficial, carry the weight of more challenging profile interpretation. In response, the forensic DNA community has often requested more complex reference materials to address commonly encountered measurement and interpretation issues such as complex DNA mixtures, DNA degradation, and PCR inhibition. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) released Research Grade Test Material 10235: Forensic DNA Typing Resource Samples to support the forensic DNA community. Components include three single source samples, two degraded samples, and three mixture samples. As part of the Research Grade Test Material (RGTM) process, automated methods for bottling, alternative sample tube types, and the addition of carrier RNA for stabilizing low-quantity samples were investigated. Both internal and external testing demonstrate the stability of the material over time at 4°C through qPCR testing. In the development of a data portal, users have been allowed to anonymously upload results and compare their data with NIST and others. This report describes the preparation and stability of this material.","PeriodicalId":94080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142484302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0