JDS communications最新文献

{"title":"Generative artificial intelligence tools in journal article preparation: A preliminary catalog of ethical considerations, opportunities, and pitfalls*","authors":"Robin R. White","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0707","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0707","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The launch of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) tools has catalyzed considerable discussion about the potential impacts of these systems within the scientific article preparation process. This symposium paper seeks to summarize current recommendations on the use of GenAI tools in scientific article preparation, and to provide speculations about the future challenges and opportunities of GenAI use in scientific publishing. Due to the dynamic nature of these tools and the rapid advancement of their sophistication, the most important recommendation is that ongoing engagement and discussion within the scientific community about these issues is critical. When using GenAI tools in scientific article preparation, humans are ultimately accountable and responsible for products produced. Given that accountability, an expert panel convened by the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine recently proposed principles of GenAI use in science communication, including (1) transparent disclosure and attribution; (2) verification of AI-generated content and analyses; (3) documentation of artificial intelligence (AI)-generated data; (4) a focus on ethics and equity; and (5) continuous monitoring, oversight, and public engagement. In addition to the importance of human accountability, many publishers have established consistent policies suggesting that GenAI tools should not be used for peer reviewing, figure generation or manipulation, or assigned authorship on scientific articles. Along with the potential ethical challenges associated with GenAI use in scientific publishing, there are numerous potential benefits. Herein we summarize example conversations demonstrating the capacity of GenAI tools to support the article preparation process, and an example standard operating procedure for human-AI interaction in article preparation. Finally, diverse broader questions about the impact of GenAI tools on communication, knowledge, and advancement of science are raised for rumination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 452-457"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No indication of highly pathogenic avian influenza infections in Dutch cows","authors":"N.D. Fabri ,&nbsp;I.M.G.A. Santman-Berends ,&nbsp;C.A.J. Roos ,&nbsp;G. van Schaik ,&nbsp;J. het Lam ,&nbsp;E.A. Germeraad ,&nbsp;M.H. Mars","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0703","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In March 2024, an infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus subtype H5N1 of the HA clade 2.3.4.4b was detected in dairy cows in Texas. Following this first detection, the virus was identified in multiple states in the United States, with spillover into other mammals. This raised concerns in the Netherlands that despite having an effective monitoring and surveillance system, H5N1 virus infections in Dutch cattle could have occurred. The aim of this study was therefore to retrospectively screen Dutch cattle for HPAI virus infections for the period between 2022 and 2024. A total of 2,190 archived cattle serum samples from 367 different herds were selected, with an average of 6 samples per herd. These samples were tested using an influenza A blocking ELISA. A Luminex H5/H7 assay was used to confirm and subtype ELISA-positive samples. The influenza A blocking ELISA detects antibodies against all influenza A virus subtypes, whereas the Luminex assay can differentiate antibodies against the surface proteins haemagglutinin (HA or H) 5 and 7 (H5/H7), and neuraminidases (NA or N) 1 to 9 (N1–N9). Four samples (0.2%) reacted positive in the influenza A blocking ELISA, all from different herds located in different parts of the Netherlands. However, all 4 samples tested negative in the Luminex H5/H7 assay, indicating that the samples did not have antibodies against H5, H7, and N1 to N9. The 99.8% specificity of the ELISA may explain the ELISA-positive results. The ELISA used in this study is a multispecies test that has not yet been validated for use in cattle. The duration of detectable antibodies in cattle is unknown, as is the sensitivity to detect past infections with influenza A virus subtypes in cattle for the Dutch situation. Therefore results should be interpreted with caution. The lack of detected antibody responses in cattle in the Netherlands from 2022 to 2024 aligns with the absence of any indication for clinical cases in Dutch cattle over recent years in the national monitoring and surveillance system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 394-399"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dam prepartum skeletal muscle reserves and supplementation with branched-chain volatile fatty acids during late gestation influence calf birth weight and calf muscle metabolic activity","authors":"Linda M. Beckett ,&nbsp;Brianna Gast ,&nbsp;Evy Tobolski ,&nbsp;Lauren Jones ,&nbsp;Kyrstin Gouveia ,&nbsp;Yu Han-Hallett ,&nbsp;Theresa Casey ,&nbsp;Jacquelyn P. Boerman","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0581","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dairy cattle mobilize skeletal muscle in the periparturient period to close energy and metabolizable protein gaps due to the high demands of the growing fetus and milk production. The objective of this study was to determine if the amount of dam prepartum muscle reserves and branched-chain volatile fatty acids (BCVFA) supplementation affected calf birth weight, calf circulating AA, calf semitendinosus muscle metabolic activity, and colostrum composition. We hypothesized that calves born to dams with higher prepartum muscle reserves and supplemented with BCVFA would be heavier, have greater muscle mass as determined by circulating creatinine, and have higher muscle metabolic activity compared with calves born to low-muscle dams not supplemented with BCVFA. At 42 d before expected calving (BEC), the depth of the longissimus dorsi muscle was measured via ultrasound and cows were classified as high muscle (HM; &gt;4.6 cm) or low muscle (LM; ≤4.6 cm) and then randomly assigned to either control (CON) diet, which consisted of soy hulls or calcium salt products of BCVFA that were top dressed from 42 d BEC to parturition. The final study design was a 2 × 2 factorial of muscle reserves and BCVFA supplementation, resulting in LM-CON (n = 8), LM-BCVFA (n = 10), HM-CON (n = 12), and HM-BCVFA (n = 10). Calves were weighed and colostrum was fed to calves at 10% of birth BW and a second dose at 5% of birth BW. At 24 h postnatal, a jugular blood sample and biopsy from the semitendinosus muscle was collected. Metabolic activity of the semitendinosus muscle was measured with a resazurin based assay. Calves born to HM cows were heavier at birth and had higher circulating creatinine and higher muscle metabolic activity, but dam BCVFA supplementation did not affect any of these parameters. Neither maternal muscle reserves nor BCVFA affected calf muscle mTOR abundance or phosphorylation state, although LM-CON calves tended to have lower phosphorylated mTOR than other groups. The greater birth weight, greater circulating creatinine, and higher muscle metabolic activity of calves born to HM cows suggest that maternal muscle reserves influence fetal growth and muscle mass as well as muscle metabolic phenotype.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 293-298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AnimalMotionViz: An interactive software tool for tracking and visualizing animal motion patterns using computer vision","authors":"Angelo L. De Castro ,&nbsp;Jin Wang ,&nbsp;Jessica G. Bonney-King ,&nbsp;Gota Morota ,&nbsp;Emily K. Miller-Cushon ,&nbsp;Haipeng Yu","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0706","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monitoring the movement patterns of dairy cattle can provide important insight into space utilization or space occupancy in a barn. Although several precision livestock technologies have been developed to record dairy cattle movements, there is a lack of open-source tools to track and visualize group-level cattle movement patterns. Therefore, we developed an open-source computer vision software tool, AnimalMotionViz, that allows users to track and visualize group-level dairy cattle movement patterns using motion maps. The software comes with an easy-to-use web-based graphical user interface built with the Python Dash package. It implements a set of background subtraction algorithms in the OpenCV package to track animal motion patterns in real time. The software processes each frame of the input video and identifies the background and foreground using these algorithms. Foreground objects are then subtracted from the background across all frames and cumulatively overlaid on an empty mask image created with the first frame of the input video to visualize the intensity or frequency of motion across different regions. The user can generate a space-use distribution map in an image and video, a core and full-range map in an image, and also track specific regional motion with a custom mask. The software also returns the top 3 peak intensity locations, the total percentage of regions used, and the within-quadrant percentage of regions used. In four 5-min sample videos, quadrants with peak intensity of space use, as identified using the software, aligned with quadrants where calves spent the greatest duration of time, according to continuous recording of behavior from video. The space-use distribution and core and full-range maps generated by AnimalMotionViz can be used to understand space utilization or space occupation by dairy cattle, as well as to assess how space allocation affects their movement. Although AnimalMotionViz was developed to analyze dairy cattle data, its design provides the potential for broader application in studying the movement patterns of other animal species. We conclude that the newly developed AnimalMotionViz is a user-friendly and efficient tool to support research developments in precision livestock farming toward enhancing cattle management practices and improving pen designs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 416-421"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data processing techniques to improve data integration from dairy farms","authors":"Jacquelyn P. Boerman ,&nbsp;Luiz F. Brito ,&nbsp;Maria E. Montes ,&nbsp;Jacob M. Maskal ,&nbsp;Jarrod Doucette ,&nbsp;Kirby Kalbaugh","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0723","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0723","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Large-scale data generation on dairy cattle farms is expected to continue increasing due to more animals per farm and the adoption of on-farm sensors and technologies that generate additional information on individual animals in greater frequency. Siloed data and information, lacking interoperability, prevent end users from combining data from multiple data sources and drawing more meaningful conclusions from the data generated on farm. As a result of these data challenges, the objective of this technical note is to describe a process of designing and documenting the development of a data ecosystem that automatically collects, performs quality control, and integrates data from disparate data sources used on experimental and commercial dairy farms. Integrated data can be queried to answer specific questions or generate timed reports that provide more insight than singular data sources can provide. Our objective was to develop a collaborative research data infrastructure that enables comprehensive data accessibility through an integrated computational ecosystem comprising open-source technologies of JupyterHub, Python, and Apache Spark. This shared curated environment facilitates extensive dataset consumption, empowering users to leverage distributed computing resources and parallel processing capabilities for sophisticated multi-dataset analysis and integration. Before user accessibility, the farm data undergo a rigorous multistage preprocessing protocol designed to mitigate potential data integrity challenges. These comprehensive data curation steps systematically address complex variability with sources, including vendor-specific software modifications, intermittent data retrieval disruptions, and farm-level operational contingencies. Employing sophisticated data cleaning, transformation, and validation methodologies, the infrastructure ensures robust data standardization and quality assurance. The integration of datasets from different data sources is paramount for improving dairy cattle welfare and production efficiency, which are complex management and breeding goals influenced by a multitude of traits that can be measured by different sensors. We identified research and further development needed in the field of dairy data science (e.g., data editing and quality control procedures, references and standards for novel sensor-based variables, and validation of obtained data across sensors), which is expected to continue playing a major role in the dairy industry sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 339-344"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of bulk tank milk free fatty acid concentration with farm type and time of year","authors":"Hannah M. Woodhouse ,&nbsp;Stephen J. LeBlanc ,&nbsp;Trevor J. DeVries ,&nbsp;Karen J. Hand ,&nbsp;David F. Kelton","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0667","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0667","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Triacylglycerol (TAG) hydrolysis yields free fatty acids (FFA) and ≥1.20 mmol FFA/100 g of milk fat in bulk tank milk is associated with off-flavor, rancidity, reduced foam stability, and inhibited cheese coagulation. The objective of this study was to compare milk FFA concentrations among conventional (CON), organic (ORG), and certified grass-fed (CGF) dairy farm types in Ontario (ON), Canada, and describe monthly and yearly FFA patterns. Bulk tank FFA data measured at every milk pick-up from August 2018 to December 2022 were collected from all dairy farms in ON and averaged by month. A mixed model of monthly average FFA with herd as a random effect was used to investigate associations with month, year, and farm type. There were 171,843 observations from 3,771 farms over 53 mo (2 mo were excluded due to FFA calibration concerns). Ninety-seven percent (n = 166,355) of observations were from CON farms (n = 3,659), and the other 3% (n = 5,488) were from ORG (n = 72) and CGF (n = 40) herds. Conventional farms had the lowest overall average FFA (0.83 mmol/100 g of fat) with 7% (n = 11,645) of monthly averages ≥1.20 mmol/100 g of milk fat. Grass-fed herds had the highest overall average FFA (1.10 mmol/100 g of fat), and 23% (n = 842) of months had elevated FFA averages. Seventy-five percent (n = 30) of CGF farms had at least 1 elevated monthly average FFA over the 53 mo. In the mixed model, monthly average FFA levels were lower in May (<em>β</em> = −0.02 to −0.21) and higher in July (<em>β</em> = 0.01 to 0.12) than in other months. Conventional herds had lower monthly average FFA than CGF herds (<em>β</em> = −0.27, 95% CI [−0.18, −0.35]) or ORG herds (<em>β</em> = −0.08, 95% CI [−0.01, −0.14]). This research suggests that bulk tank milk FFA concentration varies among farm types, months, and years. The mechanisms underlying these associations warrant further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 313-317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of methane mitigation by organic feed additives in dual-flow continuous culture","authors":"B.A. Wenner ,&nbsp;G. Praisler ,&nbsp;K. Mitchell ,&nbsp;J. Velez ,&nbsp;P.S. Yoder","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0673","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0673","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainability is interwoven with consumer expectations of organic production systems, yet there are few nutritional options for organic dairy systems to approach methane (CH₄) mitigation. The objective of the current study was to compare 3 feed additives for CH₄ mitigation. We hypothesized that each additive would decrease CH₄ production in continuous culture when compared with a control diet. Using dual-flow continuous culture fermenters fitted for CH₄ and hydrogen (H₂) sampling, 4 treatments were arranged in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Treatments were a negative control (CON, 60:40 concentrate:orchardgrass pellet mix, 17.1% CP, 33.0% NDF, 20.1% ADF, and 27.1% starch) fed twice daily a total 80 g/d DM (CON) and comparing one of the 3 additives: kelp powder (KP) at 1.7 g/d, essential oils (EO) at 3 mg/d, or pistachio-based biochar (BC) at 1.6 g/d. All dosages were calculated based on previous data and supplier recommendations scaled to dual-flow continuous culture functional volume. Experimental periods included 7 d of adaptation and 4 d of sampling (11 d total), and buffer and solids dilution rates were maintained at 7%/h and 5%/h, respectively. The main statistical model included fixed effect of treatment and random effects of fermenter and period. Gas production data were measured by feeding; thus, analysis included a repeated effect of feeding and hourly VFA samples a repeated effect of hour. Only EO decreased CH₄ production compared with CON (43.1 vs. 47.4 mmol/feeding, SD: 3.96). There was no effect of treatment on H₂ emission, nor H₂ or CH₄ in the aqueous phase. There was also no effect of treatment on nutrient digestibility despite large numerical differences in fiber digestibility, nor the production of primary VFA. However, KP decreased production of isobutyrate and isovalerate compared with CON. While the present data illustrate efficacy of an essential oil product to decrease CH₄ emission, decreases in CH₄ were not supported by statistically significant gains in VFA that could translate to increased milk production in the dairy cow.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 318-323"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of MALDI-TOF to identify cryopreserved mastitis pathogens collected from 2003 to 2011 that were originally identified using conventional microbiological methods","authors":"L. de Souza Ferreira ,&nbsp;T. Showemimo ,&nbsp;L.B. Juliano,&nbsp;Z. Rodriguez,&nbsp;P.L. Ruegg","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0711","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For decades, conventional microbiological methods have been used to identify bacterial causes of bovine mastitis. Although these methods are relatively accurate for identification of important mastitis pathogens, all diagnostic tests are imperfect, and as testing technologies advance, widespread use of newer technologies may result in differences in the distribution of etiologies that are identified. As a result, historical research using conventional microbiological methods may not be comparable to results of current studies. The objective of this study was to compare agreement between the original identification of mastitis pathogens from cows enrolled in mastitis studies between 2003 and 2011 with identification of the same isolates using MALDI-TOF. Cryopreserved bacterial isolates (n = 308) that had been recovered from quarter milk samples and originally identified using conventional microbiological techniques were used. Bacterial identification was performed using MALDI-TOF. Among all isolates, 277 were able to be identified using MALDI-TOF, and the overall observed levels of agreement were 86% and 64% for identification at the genus level and genus-species level, respectively. The kappa statistic for agreement between methods at the genus level was substantial at 0.80 (95% CI: 0.78, 0.82) but dropped to 0.64 (95% CI: 0.62, 0.66) for agreement at both the genus and species level. For gram-positive isolates, agreement at both the genus level and the genus and species level was substantial. In contrast, for gram-negative isolates, the genus-level agreement was substantial, but agreement at both the genus and species levels was moderate. Our findings suggest substantial agreement between MALDI-TOF and conventional methods for determining genus-level identification, but some discrepancies occur at the species level. These results indicate that historical mastitis research using conventional microbiological methods are comparable at the genus level to current results using MALDI-TOF, but some caution should be applied when making species-level comparisons, especially for gram-negative pathogens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 422-426"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relative effectiveness in genetic gain from genomic selection of candidate dams versus genomic selection of their progeny","authors":"D.P. Berry ,&nbsp;T.B. Murphy","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0705","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ability to genomically predict the genetic merit of individuals coupled with the widespread availability of sex-sorted semen is causing a paradigm shift in global animal breeding. Many dairy producers wish to minimize the number of surplus dairy-bred calves born and, in turn, maximize the proportion of beef-on-dairy matings. The aim could be to select the number of candidate dams to be just sufficient to generate ample dairy-bred replacement progeny; using this strategy, minimal scope exists for selection within the resulting progeny cohort. However, the strategy of applying most of the selection pressure on the dam (and sire) ignores the contribution of the random segregation of genetic material during gametogenesis. The hypothesis of this study was that too strict selection within the candidate dam population for mating to dairy-sire semen with minimal opportunity for female progeny selection would affect genetic gain relative to generating surplus female progeny from which selection could then be exercised. Deterministic approaches were developed, complemented with simulations, where different intensity of selection in the dam and female progeny cohorts were imposed. Relative to the selection of the top ranking 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% of candidate dams based on their genomic evaluation with 60% reliability, no preselection of dams coupled with genomically selecting the top ranking 10% to 50% of the female progeny born (also reliability of 60%) resulted in female progeny that were expected to, on average, have a true breeding value 0.58, 0.46, 0.38, 0.32, and 0.26 genetic SD higher. Benefits also existed from combining genomic selection within the cohort of candidate dams followed by genomic selection within the resulting female progeny. In most cases, herds will seek to generate ∼30% of their herd size as replacement heifers; based on the population parameters used, in such a scenario there is a clear benefit from selecting the top 60% of the candidate dams with the further gains thereafter being relatively small. This study provides the necessary equations to help producers make herd breeding decisions; the actual relative difference among different scenarios depends on the used population parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 345-349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating gut permeability in neonatal calves with diarrhea: A case-control study","authors":"Luiza S. Zakia ,&nbsp;Diego E. Gomez ,&nbsp;Michael A. Steele ,&nbsp;Peter D. Constable ,&nbsp;Stephen J. LeBlanc ,&nbsp;David L. Renaud","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0709","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0709","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this case-control study was to assess gut permeability, measured through Cr-EDTA recovery, in healthy and diarrheic neonatal calves. The study was conducted at a commercial calf-rearing facility, where fecal consistency was monitored twice daily. Calves were categorized as diarrheic if they had runny or watery feces, whereas those with normal fecal consistency, neutrophil count, and physical exam findings were considered healthy controls. Gut permeability assessment (Cr-EDTA: 0.1 g/kg BW administered orally 2 h after milk feeding) and blood bacterial culture were performed 24 h after onset of diarrhea. Plasma Cr concentration was determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Kruskal-Wallis tests, followed by Dunn's post hoc test, were used to compare Cr concentrations between groups. The study included 12 healthy calves and 11 diarrheic calves, with 5 diarrheic calves having bacteremia. Diarrheic calves had greater median (interquartile range) plasma Cr concentrations than healthy calves at 2 h (1.76 [0.92–2.34] mg/L vs. 0.59 [0.48–1.19] mg/L) and 4 h (2.07 [1.57–2.51] mg/L vs. 0.92 [0.77–1.66] mg/L) postadministration, respectively. Both bacteremic and nonbacteremic calves with diarrhea had greater plasma Cr concentrations at 2 h compared with healthy calves (bacteremic: 1.96 [1.76–2.03] mg/L; nonbacteremic: 1.42 [0.78–2.34] mg/L), but there was no difference between bacteremic and nonbacteremic calves. At 4 h postadministration, both bacteremic (2.00 [1.67–2.07] mg/L) and nonbacteremic (2.45 [1.57–3.66] mg/L) diarrheic calves had greater plasma Cr concentrations than healthy calves, with no difference observed between bacteremic and nonbacteremic groups. This study suggests an association between diarrhea and increased gut permeability in neonatal calves. Further studies are required to compare gut permeability in a larger cohort of bacteremic and nonbacteremic diarrheic neonatal calves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 350-355"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}