JDS communications最新文献

{"title":"Social network analysis to predict social behavior in dairy cattle","authors":"H. Marina ,&nbsp;W.F. Fikse ,&nbsp;L. Rönnegård","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2023-0507","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2023-0507","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dairy cattle are frequently housed in freestalls with limited space, affecting social interactions between individuals. Social behavior in dairy cattle is gaining recognition as a valuable tool for identifying sick animals, but its application is hampered by the complexities of analyzing social interactions in intensive housing systems. In this context, precision livestock technologies present the opportunity to continuously monitor dyadic spatial associations on dairy farms. The aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of predicting social behavior of dairy cows using social network analysis. Daily social networks were built using the position data from 149 cows over 14 consecutive days of the study period. We applied the separable temporal exponential random graph models to estimate the likelihood of formation and persistence of social contacts between dairy cows individually and to predict the social network on the subsequent day. The correlation between the individual degree centrality values, the number of established social contacts per individual, between the predicted and observed networks ranged from 0.22 to 0.49 when the structural information from network triangles was included in the model. This study presents a novel approach for predicting animal social behavior in intensive housing systems using spatial association information obtained from a real-time location system. The results indicate the potential of this approach as a crucial step toward the larger goal of identifying disruptions in dairy cows' expected social behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 608-612"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140786963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An observational study to investigate the association of teat skin condition with clinical mastitis risk","authors":"M. Wieland ,&nbsp;P.S. Basran ,&nbsp;P.D. Virkler ,&nbsp;W. Heuwieser","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0577","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The importance of teat canal integrity and its adjacent tissues in the dynamics of IMI is well documented, whereas research on the relationship between teat skin condition and clinical mastitis occurrence is scarce. The objective of this prospective cohort study was to investigate the association of teat skin condition with clinical mastitis occurrence in a closed cohort from a commercial dairy farm with a thrice daily milking schedule in the Northeast United States. We tested the hypothesis that quarters with teats with altered skin condition would have higher odds of clinical mastitis than those with normal skin. Teat skin condition from 2,670 cows was assessed during a single visit and categorized into (1) normal, (2) dry skin, (3) skin lesion, and (4) dry skin and skin lesion. Cows were monitored for 2 wk after the teat skin condition assessment, and the occurrence of clinical mastitis at the quarter level was documented. A generalized linear mixed model with a logit link and a binomial distribution revealed an association between teat skin condition and the occurrence of clinical mastitis. Compared with quarters with teats with normal teat skin, the odds (95% CI) of clinical mastitis were 0.98 (0.60–1.60) for teats with dry skin, 1.88 (0.97–3.66) for teats with a skin lesion, and 4.87 (1.71–13.85) for teats with dry skin and a skin lesion. We conclude that quarters from teats with dry skin and skin lesions had higher odds of clinical mastitis. In addition, we found evidence that quarters with teats with skin lesions have higher odds of clinical mastitis than those with normal teat skin, though future studies are needed. The results from this study show that teat skin condition should be considered in mastitis control programs on dairy operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 654-658"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Getting to grips with resilience: Toward large-scale phenotyping of this complex trait*","authors":"N.C. Friggens ,&nbsp;M. Ithurbide ,&nbsp;G. Lenoir","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2023-0434","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2023-0434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The capacity of animals to cope with environmental perturbations, hereafter called resilience, is an increasingly important trait. Resilience at the level of the animal is an emergent property of multiple underlying mechanisms (physiological, immunological, behavioral). This means that there is no direct measure of resilience, no easy key traits. Resilience is a latent variable that may be inferred from multivariate measures. Further, the flexibility that resilience provides is evidenced in the rate of response to, and rate of recovery from, the environmental perturbation. Thus, it requires time-series measurements. The increasing availability of on-farm precision livestock technologies, which are capable of providing time-series measures of performance and of various physiological and health biomarkers, offer the opportunity to move toward large-scale phenotyping of resilience. There have been numerous studies putting forward methods to quantify resilience. These methods can be classified as being data driven or concept driven. However, new candidate resilience proxies need to be validated. This is tricky to do because there is no direct measure of resilience, no easy gold standard measure. Per definition, good resilience will benefit the animal. Thus, the accumulated consequences of resilience can be used to evaluate resilience proxies. All other things being equal, it is expected that good resilience will be associated with a longer functional longevity (longevity adjusted for production level), with more reproductive cycles, and with fewer disease events. Recent examples of this approach of evaluating resilience proxies against the accumulated consequences of resilience are discussed. They show clearly that operational resilience proxies that are heritable and have been validated against the consequences of good resilience can be derived from on-farm time-series data. With the aim of deriving more nuanced phenotypes, there are an increasing number of studies that have taken up the challenge of attempting to statistically combine the information coming from multiple time-series measures. These studies show how multivariate time-series statistics can be used to derive more nuanced resilience phenotypes that capture some of the underlying mechanisms of resilience. In conclusion, the recent studies reviewed here have shown that operational and heritable resilience proxies exist, that they can form the basis for selection for resilience, and that more nuanced phenotypes are attainable, which will allow selection for resilience to be tailored according to prevailing environmental challenge types.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 761-766"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139295842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accounting for the nuclear and mito genome in dairy cattle breeding—A simulation study","authors":"Gabriela Mafra Fortuna ,&nbsp;B.J. Zumbach ,&nbsp;M. Johnsson ,&nbsp;I. Pocrnic ,&nbsp;G. Gorjanc","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2023-0522","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2023-0522","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mitochondria play a significant role in numerous cellular processes through proteins encoded by both the nuclear genome (nDNA) and mito genome (mDNA), and increasing evidence shows that traits of interest might be affected by mito-nuclear interactions. Whereas the variation in nDNA is influenced by mutations and recombination of parental genomes, the variation in mDNA is solely driven by mutations. In addition, mDNA is inherited in a haploid form, from the dam. Cattle populations show substantial variation in mDNA between and within breeds. Past research suggests that variation in mDNA accounts for 1% to 5% of the phenotypic variation in dairy traits. Here we simulated a dairy cattle breeding program to assess the impact of accounting for mDNA variation in pedigree-based and genome-based genetic evaluations on the accuracy of EBVs for mDNA and nDNA components. We also examined the impact of alternative definitions of breeding values on genetic gain, including nDNA and mDNA components that both affect phenotype expression, but mDNA is inherited only maternally. We found that accounting for mDNA variation increased accuracy between +0.01 and +0.03 for different categories of animals, especially for young bulls (+0.03) and females without genotype data (between +0.01 and +0.03). Different scenarios of modeling and breeding value definition affected genetic gain. The standard approach of ignoring mDNA variation achieved competitive genetic gain. Modeling but not selecting on mDNA expectedly reduced genetic gain, whereas optimal use of mDNA variation recovered the genetic gain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 572-576"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141029153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of nitrate supplementation on diurnal emission of enteric methane and nitrous oxide","authors":"W. Wang,&nbsp;M. Larsen,&nbsp;M.R. Weisbjerg,&nbsp;A.L.F. Hellwing,&nbsp;P. Lund","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2023-0541","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2023-0541","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of nitrate supplementation on diurnal enteric methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions in dairy cows. Four Danish Holstein dairy cows fitted with ruminal cannulas were used in a 2 × 2 crossover design with 2 periods of 14 d duration. Cows were fed ad libitum with 2 experimental diets based on either urea or nitrate (8.6 g of \u0000\t\t\t\t<span><math><msubsup><mrow><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>O</mi></mrow></mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>−</mo></msubsup><mrow><mo>/</mo></mrow><mrow><mrow><mi>k</mi><mi>g</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>f</mi><mi>D</mi><mi>M</mi></mrow></mrow><mo>)</mo></math></span> supplementation. Samples of ruminal fluid, blood, and rumen headspace gas samples were collected. Gas exchange was measured in respiration chambers during a 96-h period. Emission of N₂O was calculated from the ratio between CH₄ and N₂O in the rumen headspace and the measured CH₄ emission. Nitrate supplementation resulted in a lower daily CH₄ production (g/d), CH₄ yield (g/kg of DMI), and CH₄ per kilogram of fat- and protein-corrected milk yield; a tendency of lower CH₄ intensity (g/kg ECM); and higher daily hydrogen (H₂) production, H₂ yield, and daily N₂O production compared with urea supplementation. The only difference in ruminal VFA composition was a higher valerate proportion in cows receiving nitrate compared with urea supplementation. In conclusion, nitrate compared with urea supplementation reduced CH₄ production, mainly just after feeding, but also increased N₂O production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 558-562"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141029571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transportation conditions of calves upon arrival at major livestock auction markets in Québec, Canada","authors":"Marianne Villettaz Robichaud ,&nbsp;Marie-Pascale Morin ,&nbsp;Gilles Fecteau ,&nbsp;Sébastien Buczinski","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2023-0514","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2023-0514","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this cross-sectional observational study was to describe the transport conditions of calves at the time of their arrival at the 2 major livestock auction markets in the province of Québec, Canada, and to identify characteristics that affect bedding cleanliness. A particular emphasis was placed on the transport environment of young dairy calves commonly being marketed for veal production. During 4 d per auction site (n = 2 sites), 2 d in summer and 2 d in winter, the descriptive characteristics including type of transports, number of calves per transport, separation from other transported animals, as well as presence of ventilation sources (e.g., open holes allowing natural ventilation), bedding, and bedding cleanliness, were determined. A total of 507 different transports were included, representing a total of 4,054 calves sold during these 8 d. The vast majority of calves (95% [n = 3,845]) were transported by commercially designed trailers (long commercial trailers (n = 358; 70.6% of all transport types), short commercial trailers (n = 62; 12.2%), or multideck trailers (n = 15; 3%). A minority of calves (5%) were either transported by homemade trailers (n = 30; 5.9% of transport) or other types of transports (n = 42; 8.3%). The presence of any ventilation source in the calves' transportation area was observed in 86% of transports and increased in summer versus winter (odds ratio: 2.75 [95% CI: 1.58–4.79]). Bedding was present in 96% of evaluated transports. The majority (68%) of calves' transport flooring area was considered clean, with less than 33% of the calves' area soiled with manure. The dirtiness of calves' transport flooring area was lower in winter than in summer (odds ratio = 0.63 [0.43–0.92]) and in site B than in site A (odds ratio = 0.57 [0.38–0.94]). This study gives interesting insight into transportation and unloading conditions of surplus calves in commercial auction markets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 592-597"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140405617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fecal egg counts and individual milk production in temperate pastoral dairy systems of Australia","authors":"T. Loughnan ,&nbsp;P. Mansell ,&nbsp;M. Playford ,&nbsp;D. Beggs","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0555","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0555","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anthelmintic use in lactating dairy cattle has been shown to result in a milk production response in some previous studies. If individual animals within a herd could be identified that would most benefit from anthelmintic treatment, this may reduce anthelmintic resistance. Australian dairy systems are predominantly pasture based, allowing sustained exposure and immune stimulation of cattle to gastrointestinal nematodes. We assessed the relationship between milk production and early-lactation fecal egg counts (FEC) to determine whether cows with higher FEC produced less milk. Ten pasture-based dairy farms in south-west Victoria, Australia, entered an observational study. Individual FEC at a minimum detectable count of 2.5 eggs per gram of feces (epg) were recorded for recently calved primiparous and multiparous cohorts on each farm. All animals were calved ≤30 d at sampling. Body condition scores were assessed at sampling and milk production data were collected from daily milk meters and herd tests to give first 100-d milk production. When separated by primiparous or multiparous status, no difference in the milk production between cows with FEC = 0 and FEC ≥2.5 epg was identified. Between-farm variation was large for FEC and milk production. Fecal egg count at a minimum detectable count of 2.5 epg detected parasitism in primiparous cows postcalving, but the presence and magnitude of parasitism measurable by FEC was not related to milk production in pasture-based Australian dairy systems. In multiparous cows, the rate detection of worm eggs at this analytical sensitivity was lower and the significance of a positive FEC at this analytical sensitivity requires further assessment to ascertain the effect on milk production. Based on our study, it seems unlikely that individual FEC results would be useful as a basis to select individual cows in south-west Victorian dairy herds for anthelmintic treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 664-668"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A note from the Editor in Chief of JDS Communications: Our purpose and people","authors":"Jessica A.A. McArt (Editor in Chief)","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0680","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0680","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"5 6","pages":"Page 521"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A simple and robust method for laboratory-scale preparation of butter","authors":"Sandra Beyer Gregersen ,&nbsp;Lise Margrethe Boesgaard ,&nbsp;Dionysios D. Neofytos ,&nbsp;Mads Eg Andersen ,&nbsp;Ulf Andersen ,&nbsp;Milena Corredig","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0571","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this study was to develop a small-scale model system resembling the micro- and meso-structure of butter, namely having a water droplet size distribution and water content close to that of commercially produced butter. Although it is possible to churn cream on a small scale, matching the microstructure of butter is a challenge. A 2-step churning process was introduced with the application of a kitchen mixer. The resulting microstructure was evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscopy. In addition, low-field nuclear magnetic resonance was used to determine the water droplet size distribution. Results demonstrated that a water content of 16% to 19% could be obtained with the proposed procedure, close to the standard water content of 16%. Average water droplet size ranged between 2.5 to 4.3 µm and did not depend on batch-to-batch variations, nor storage-induced differences in the cream. In conclusion, the proposed method could be employed to prepare water-in-oil emulsions with a microstructure similar to that of butter and opens new opportunities for studying microbial growth, flavor release, and texture formation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 528-530"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of genomic evaluation for methane efficiency in Canadian Holsteins*","authors":"Hinayah Rojas de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Hannah Sweett ,&nbsp;Saranya Narayana ,&nbsp;Allison Fleming ,&nbsp;Saeed Shadpour ,&nbsp;Francesca Malchiodi ,&nbsp;Janusz Jamrozik ,&nbsp;Gerrit Kistemaker ,&nbsp;Peter Sullivan ,&nbsp;Flavio Schenkel ,&nbsp;Dagnachew Hailemariam ,&nbsp;Paul Stothard ,&nbsp;Graham Plastow ,&nbsp;Brian Van Doormaal ,&nbsp;Michael Lohuis ,&nbsp;Jay Shannon ,&nbsp;Christine Baes ,&nbsp;Filippo Miglior","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2023-0431","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2023-0431","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reducing methane (CH₄) emissions from agriculture, among other sectors, is a key step to reducing global warming. There are many strategies to reduce CH₄ emissions in ruminant animals, including genetic selection, which yields cumulative and permanent genetic gains over generations. A single-step genomic evaluation for methane efficiency (MEF) was officially implemented in April 2023 for the Canadian Holstein breed, aiming to reduce CH₄ emissions without affecting production levels. This evaluation was achieved by using milk mid-infrared (MIR) spectral data to predict individual cow CH₄ production. The genetic evaluation model included milk MIR predicted CH₄ (CH4_MIR), along with milk yield (MY), fat yield (FY), and protein yield (PY), as correlated traits. Traits were expressed in kilograms per day (MY, FY, and PY) or grams per day (CH4_MIR). The MiX99 software was used to fit the single-step, 4-trait animal model. Genomic breeding values for CH4_MIR were then obtained by re-parameterization, using recursive genetic linear regression coefficients on MY, FY, and PY, giving a measure of MEF that is genetically independent of the production traits. The estimated breeding values were expressed as relative breeding values with a mean of 100 and standard deviation of 5 for the genetic base population, where a higher value indicates the animal produces lower predicted CH₄. This national genomic evaluation is another tool that will lower the dairy industry's carbon footprint by reducing CH₄ emissions without affecting production traits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 756-760"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139874901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}