JDS communications最新文献

{"title":"Monitoring mammary gland development in preweaning dairy heifers using ultrasound imaging","authors":"Alysia L. Vang ,&nbsp;Tiago Bresolin ,&nbsp;Waneska S. Frizzarini ,&nbsp;Joana P. Campolina ,&nbsp;Guilherme L. Menezes ,&nbsp;Guilherme J.M. Rosa ,&nbsp;Joao R.R. Dorea ,&nbsp;Laura L. Hernandez","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0586","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Existing literature on the long-term effects of nutritional manipulation on milk production is incomplete and inconsistent as animals are typically culled before lactation. In addition, longitudinal studies are rarely conducted due to high costs and constraints related to tissue sampling; therefore, additional research is necessary to better understand the effect of early nutrition and growth on subsequent growth and milk production. Thirty Holstein heifer calves were pair-fed high (H; 27% CP and 20% fat) or low (L; 22% CP and 15%) milk replacers. Mammary gland ultrasound images and BW were collected twice weekly, and blood samples weekly, for the first 8 wk of life. Calves fed H had higher ADG and mammary gland growth through 8 wk of life. Calves from the H group also had larger fat pads at 8 wk of age. Glucose and insulin concentrations were increased in H calves compared with L calves, whereas nonesterified fatty acid concentrations were not different between treatments. Our results suggest that ultrasound is a practical, noninvasive tool to monitor udder development preweaning, although additional research is necessary to improve image analysis techniques to analyze tissue composition. Our preliminary work provides data suggesting that the use of mammary gland ultrasound could provide a method of longitudinal analysis of the effects of preweaning nutrition on milk production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 725-728"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of the nutrient variation in feed delivery and effects on lactating dairy cattle","authors":"A.L. Carroll ,&nbsp;K.J. Hanford ,&nbsp;C. Abney-Schulte ,&nbsp;P.J. Kononoff","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0564","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diets formulated for dairy cattle are designed to supply nutrients, but rations delivered to the animal may deviate from original formulations, resulting in implications for milk production, composition, and even pregnancy rate. The objective of this study was to evaluate retrospective feed mixing records collected from 8 commercial dairy farms over 52 wk. Farms ranged from 2,982 to 29,783 animals, producing 31.8 ± 5.93 (±SD) kg of milk with 4.14 ± 0.461% fat and 3.26 ± 0.218% protein. Data collected included daily TMR nutrient deviation, calculated as diet nutrient content minus the observed divided by the formulated diet concentrations of CP, fat, NDF, and starch. Data were analyzed with fixed effects of time (modeled as 28-d periods) and days of positive nutrient deviation in fat, CP, NDF, and starch with each nutrient alone and in combination with the other nutrients, random effects of herd, and repeated measure of time within herd. The nutrient deviation by farm averaged (±SD) 1.68 ± 2.655, 2.28 ± 4.473, 1.75 ± 2.621, and 1.47 ± 2.147% for CP, fat, NDF, and starch, respectively. Days of positive nutrient deviation per period averaged (±SD) 25.5 ± 3.47, 25.5 ± 3.72, 25.6 ± 3.49, and 25.9 ± 2.61, respectively. Dry matter intake (DMI; 17.2 ± 1.78 kg/d) decreased with increasing positive deviation days in starch (−0.0483 ± 0.01265) and increased with increasing positive deviation days in CP (0.0211 ± 0.00942). Milk yield (31.4 ± 2.50 kg/d) increased with positive deviation days in starch (0.0486 ± 0.02110) and decreased with increased positive deviation days in NDF (−0.0298 ± 0.02202). Finally, pregnancy rate (21.7 ± 4.34) increased with increasing positive deviation days in fat (0.385 ± 0.1635) and decreased with increasing positive deviation days in CP (−0.420 ± 0.1879). For these models, period significantly affected milk yield but was not observed to affect pregnancy rate and DMI. Results suggest farm and nutrient type were significant sources of variation, and overall, farms overfeed nutrients CP, fat, NDF, and starch 92% of the days of a 28-d period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 548-552"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140789746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oro-ruminal sampling device and technique for rapid collection of rumen content and improved recovery of solid fractions for microbiome analysis","authors":"F.E. Miccoli ,&nbsp;R.I. Galarza ,&nbsp;N. Juliano ,&nbsp;S. Ferreyra ,&nbsp;S. Maresca ,&nbsp;S. López-Valiente ,&nbsp;L.D. Guerrero ,&nbsp;R.A. Palladino ,&nbsp;R.I. Albornoz","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2023-0536","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2023-0536","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rumen fistulation is a widely used procedure that allows for collection of ruminal contents. However, fistulation is an invasive and costly procedure that generally limits the number of animals that can be recruited for experiments, thus encouraging the use of alternative techniques such as the intra-esophageal tube technique. One of the challenges of this technique is the limited ability to collect solid fractions from the rumen content pool, which may affect the microbial community structure in the sample, particularly affecting the recovery and characterization of solid adherent bacteria. We developed an intra-esophageal tube rumen sampling technique and device referred to as the “Rumen Sampler MG” with the aim of increasing the recovery of solid fractions from rumen content compared with other oro-ruminal sampling methods. The Rumen Sampler MG device consists of a manual pump fitted with a barometer and an intra-esophageal flexible polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tube with beveled terminal edge allowing for minimal clogging of the sampling tubing and a rapid flux of contents being sampled. Nine lactating Holstein-Friesian dairy cows (554.6 ± 25.2 kg of BW; 8.3 ± 3.3 DIM; ± SD) were recruited to evaluate the proposed method. During the procedure, animals were safely restrained in a chute and administered with a low dosage of a neuroleptic drug to reduce animal stress during sampling. An endoscopic camera was inserted into the reticulo-rumen through the esophagus to identify the sampling location and determine the length of the sampling tube necessary to reach the desired location. Following, the intra-esophageal sampling tube connected to a manual pump was inserted for collection of rumen contents. Samples collected did not present visual evidence of saliva contamination (e.g., high viscosity) and their pH ranged within expected values (6.33–7.04) for samples collected from the reticulo-rumen. Each sample contained 35% to 40% wet solids volume. Individual dry matter intake and milk production of cows continued to increase after sampling as expected for cows in the early postpartum period, suggesting that the sampling procedure did not affect cow performance. Results from microbiome analysis of rumen content samples suggest that the relative abundances of the main bacterial phyla are consistent with those from samples collected from dairy cows via rumen fistula in previous studies. The device and technique proposed allow for adequate samples of ruminal liquid and solid contents to be collected for microbiome analysis without disruption of animal performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 563-567"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between plasma anti-Müllerian hormone concentrations in female Holstein calves immediately after birth and milk yield and composition in dams during early to mid gestation","authors":"Saki Morimatsu,&nbsp;Nagisa Nagami,&nbsp;Chiho Kawashima","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0543","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0543","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The energy status of dams during the early stages of gestation may affect ovarian reserves. It was hypothesized that greater milk yield and composition during the early stages of gestation may suppress the number of primordial follicles in the fetuses of dairy cattle. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), used as an indicator of ovarian reserves, in female Holstein calves immediately after birth. It also examined the relationship between AMH concentrations and the milk yield and composition of dams during early pregnancy. A total of 85 female Holstein calves (born to first-calving cows [nulliparous heifers], n = 31; second-calving [primiparous] cows, n = 22; and third- or subsequent-calving [multiparous] cows, n = 32) were examined. Blood samples were collected from the female calves after birth and before the first colostrum feeding for the analysis of plasma AMH concentrations. Data on daily milk yield and monthly milk composition during the first to sixth month of pregnancy were additionally collected from milking dams. The plasma AMH concentrations ranged from 0.106 to 1,542.3 pg/mL, with an average of 291.6 ± 30.5 pg/mL. No significant differences were observed among the plasma AMH concentrations in female calves born from nulliparous heifers, primiparous cows, or multiparous cows. Primiparous cows exhibited numerous negative correlations between the plasma AMH concentrations of their female calves immediately after birth and the daily milk yield and milk composition from the first to the fourth month of pregnancy; however, no correlation was observed in multiparous cows. Overall, large individual variations were observed in the plasma AMH concentrations immediately after birth. Both milk yield and the amount of milk components strongly influenced plasma AMH concentrations in calves immediately after birth in primiparous cows in the growth phase. These factors, conversely, did not affect the plasma AMH concentrations of calves in multiparous cows. The results of this study suggest that high-producing pregnant primiparous cows devote more energy to their growth and lactation, potentially compromising the reproductive potential of their offspring. Thus, improving the feeding management of primiparous cows with the goal of increasing the fertility of their progeny will help high-yielding dairy cows reproduce more successfully.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 690-694"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140407662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the dynamics of mastitis in milk yield: Decoding onset and recovery patterns in response to mastitis occurrence","authors":"A.L.L. Sguizzato ,&nbsp;T.E. da Silva ,&nbsp;J.C.C. Chagas ,&nbsp;A.M. Argüelo ,&nbsp;N.M. Gonçalves ,&nbsp;M.I. Marcondes","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0579","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>No recent study has attempted to model daily milk losses before and after mastitis onset and the moment when it begins. Thus, we aimed to describe the impact of mastitis on milk production based on mastitis level and moment of occurrence. We used data from 11 dairy farms, and the dataset consisted of 885,759 daily individual milk test records from 3,508 cows in different lactations, with an average milk yield (MY) from January 2017 to December 2022. We modeled the impact of mastitis severity (i.e., 1 [mild] and 2 [severe]) based on the drop and recovery of MY following 3 steps. First, we removed milk recorded on the day of diagnosis of mastitis from the dataset and fitted a Wood's curve for each cow and parity. Second, we returned the mastitis data to the dataset and estimated the residual milk loss due to mastitis from 15 d before to 30 d after the mastitis event. Third, we used generalized additive mixed effect models to estimate the residual milk loss, including farm as a random effect. In addition to the random effect of the farm, we also included the predicted milk yield (by Wood's curve) over the influence of mastitis, the day effect before and after mastitis incidence, and the interaction between the predicted value of mastitis and days. On average, mastitis level 2 resulted in a more severe MY drop in all represented stages of lactation (80, 170, and 260 DIM), suggesting a higher loss close to the lactation peak, approximately 130 kg more than mastitis level 1. Moreover, the occurrence of mastitis case level 1 during the early phase of lactation (DIM 80) can cause an average milk loss of 158 L and mastitis level 2, an average loss of 288 L. The estimations suggest that milk drop occurs 14 to 4 d before mastitis onset and can last until 15 to 25 d from the diagnosis, which would be the necessary time for a cow to re-establish their predicted MY. Therefore, our study brings new perspectives to investigate MY drop and recovery due to mastitis infections and how much mastitis can deplete and impair milk production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 669-673"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141710695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation in partial direct costs of dry cow therapy on 37 large dairy herds","authors":"J. Leite de Campos ,&nbsp;A. Kates ,&nbsp;A. Steinberger ,&nbsp;A. Sethi ,&nbsp;G. Suen ,&nbsp;John Shutske ,&nbsp;N. Safdar ,&nbsp;Tony Goldberg ,&nbsp;P.L. Ruegg","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0568","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0568","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The objective of this observational study was to estimate partial direct costs of dry cow antibiotic therapy (DCT) protocols used on 37 large dairy herds in Wisconsin and to estimate the potential monetary savings and reduction in antimicrobial usage (AMU) if selective DCT was used. Partial direct costs of DCT were calculated using costs of intramammary (IMM) antimicrobials and teat sealants. Data were retrospectively collected on 37 large dairy farms for a period of 1 yr and included the total number of cows dried off, types of IMM antimicrobial used, and product prices (obtained from farm invoices). A single farm visit was performed to verify data. Clinical mastitis (CM) and SCC history across lactation were used as the criteria to identify cows eligible to receive only teat sealants (no antibiotic DCT) based on adoption of a hypothetical selective DCT program. Descriptive statistics were performed using PROC MEANS to summarize continuous herd and cow characteristics. Differences in costs among IMM antibiotic products and eligibility to not receive antibiotics at dry-off by parity were analyzed using ANOVA. Differences in milk yield at the last test-day and DIM at dry-off based on eligibility for selective DCT were analyzed using PROC MIXED. A total of 35,691 cows were dried off across all herds (n = 37) and most of the herds used IMM antibiotic DCT at dry-off in most of the cows. Teat sealant was used as part of the dry-off protocol in all but 3 herds. Of the enrolled farms, 30 used blanket antibiotic DCT in all quarters of all cows and 7 herds used selective DCT with no administration of antibiotics given to 0.8% to 58% of the dry cows within the herd. Across all farms, the average cost of products given per dried cow was $19.57 ± 0.64 (mean ± SE) and ranged from $8.72 to $24.04. As expected, the cost per dried cow was greater ($23.45 ± $0.38) in herds that used higher cost IMM antibiotics as compared with herds that used lower cost IMM antibiotics ($16.64 ± $0.40). When using an algorithm based on udder health records to hypothetically select cows that would be eligible to receive teat sealants only (no antibiotic DCT), eligibility ranged from 27.3% to 93.3% within-herds and varied by parity, milk yield at last test-day, and DIM at dry-off. If a selective DCT program based on udder health records was used, an overall reduction of $5.37 (27% of total costs) per dry cow would be expected. Likewise, adoption of selective DCT based on udder health records would reduce AMU at dry-off by approximately 51%. However, neither of these estimates included potential adverse health complications (such as increased CM) that can occur if selective DCT programs are not effectively performed. Variations in partial direct costs at dry-off were observed among herds based on treatment protocols. In herds that have good udder health management and contagious mastitis pathogens controlled, adoption of selective DCT based on SCC and history of CM can red","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 639-643"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141029201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of an in vitro model to study CD4+ T cell metabolism in dairy cows","authors":"U. Arshad,&nbsp;M. Cid de la Paz,&nbsp;H.M. White,&nbsp;L.R. Cangiano","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0565","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dairy cows are susceptible to several health disorders throughout their lactation. Objectives were to characterize an in vitro model to study bioenergetic measures in CD4⁺ T lymphocytes in dairy cows. Twenty-four healthy mid-lactation multiparous Holstein dairy cows were enrolled at a mean (±SD) of 234 ± 22 DIM. Cows were blocked according to DIM and blood was collected to isolate peripheral blood mononuclear cells followed by magnetic separation of CD4⁺ T lymphocytes using bovine-specific monoclonal antibodies. The isolated CD4⁺ T lymphocytes from each cow were split into 2 tubes and randomly assigned to incubate in an assay medium as control (CON) or with a combination of phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin (PMA+IMY) to evaluate metabolic function under a resting and activated state. Mitochondrial and glycolytic functional kinetics were recorded in CD4⁺ T lymphocytes based on real-time measurement of oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) under basal conditions and in response to complex V inhibitor (oligomycin), a protonophore uncoupler (BAM 15), and complex I and complex III inhibitors (rotenone and antimycin A). The mean (±SD) viability and purity of CD4⁺ T lymphocytes was 92.5 ± 2.9% and 95.2 ± 2.9%, respectively. The basal OCR in CD4⁺ T lymphocytes treated with PMA+IMY was greater than CON; nevertheless, the maximal respiration rate (CON = 58.0 vs. PMA+IMY = 47.3 ± 5.7 pmol/min) and sparing respiratory capacity rate (CON = 42.0 vs. PMA+IMY = 28.7 ± 4.2 pmol/min) were decreased in activated CD4⁺ T lymphocytes. The ECAR in CD4⁺ T lymphocytes increased progressively over time in PMA+IMY compared with CON, which indicated an increase in aerobic glycolysis in PMA+IMY compared with CON (CON = 46.9 vs. PMA+IMY = 86.4 ± 7.0 pmol/min). Activated CD4⁺ T lymphocytes exhibit a metabolic switch from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis, which may support rapid cell proliferation. The results observed in this experiment demonstrate the sensitivity of the technique to detect changes in metabolic function under different cellular conditions, providing a robust framework to study immuno-metabolism in dairy cattle.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 740-744"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141041182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of induced subclinical hypocalcemia in early-lactation Holstein cows without milking during infusion on parathyroid hormone and serotonin concentrations","authors":"W.S. Frizzarini ,&nbsp;J.P. Campolina ,&nbsp;M.K. Connelly ,&nbsp;H.P. Fricke ,&nbsp;L.L. Hernandez","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0589","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transition to lactation demands a substantial amount of calcium (Ca) to support colostrum and milk production. Extensive research has been focused on elucidating the interplay between the traditional Ca-parathyroid hormone-vitamin D axis and mammary-derived factors, such as serotonin (5-HT) and parathyroid-hormone-like hormone (PTHLH), in regulating Ca metabolism during the transition period. Here, we investigate the impact of induced subclinical hypocalcemia (SCH) on 5-HT and parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations in early-lactation dairy cows under conditions of 24-h milk stasis. Twelve multiparous Holstein cows in early lactation received either continuous intravenous infusion of saline solution or 5% ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA) to maintain blood ionized calcium (iCa) below 1 m<em>M</em> (n = 6/treatment). Blood samples were collected hourly during infusion and 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h post-infusion. Urine samples were collected every 4 h during infusion and at 12, 24, and 48 h post-infusion, and milk samples were collected daily from 2 d pre-infusion to 4 d post-infusion. Infusion of EGTA resulted in decreased blood iCa during the infusion period, with iCa concentrations rebounding 24 h post-infusion. No significant treatment effects were observed on 5-HT and PTH blood concentrations. These findings underscore the importance of considering physiological distinctions in studies of Ca metabolism during the transition period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 729-734"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141413170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring sustainability in dairy cattle breeding focusing on feed efficiency and methane emissions*","authors":"C.M. Richardson ,&nbsp;J.J. Crowley ,&nbsp;B. Gredler-Grandl ,&nbsp;P.R. Amer","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2023-0461","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2023-0461","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reducing emissions is vital to improve sustainability, and industry leaders have set emission goals to reduce gross emissions, lower emissions intensity, or reach net zero. However, additional traits should also be measured and compared in terms of their impact on the broader definition of sustainability. In addition to environmental impact, a sustainable breeding objective must consider profit, animal welfare, farmer well-being, and social responsibility. Traits to be considered include direct emissions (e.g., nitrogen and methane), production efficiency (e.g., feed efficiency), health (e.g., calf and transition cow health), and welfare traits (e.g., polled). Many of these novel traits require labor- and cost-intensive phenotyping procedures. Consequently, this results in relatively modest data sets and estimated breeding values with limited reliability. Opportunities exist to overcome this limitation by developing cost-effective and easily quantifiable proxy traits and utilizing international collaboration to expand novel phenotype reference populations. Furthermore, noneconomic values can be estimated to quantify the impact of a trait on societal perspective (e.g., farmer preference) or environmental impact (methane emissions), and combined with economic weights to calculate aggregate weights for each trait. Although validation techniques are still uncertain, the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals may be applied to determine the improvement in sustainability due to genetic selection. This approach provides the flexibility to accommodate diverse sustainability perspectives, encompassing the disparities between developed and developing countries. Currently, the number and quality of relevant phenotypes are the main limiting factor. However, as confidence grows in the opportunity to improve sustainability through genetic selection, substantial new investment will be required in both refining phenotyping methodologies and conceptualizing novel breeding designs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 751-755"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140404599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemoconcentration differs in neonatal dairy calves: Considerations for assessment of transfer of passive immunity","authors":"T.A. Westhoff ,&nbsp;R.A. Molano ,&nbsp;M.E. Van Amburgh ,&nbsp;S. Mann","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0570","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0570","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Assessing transfer of passive immunity (TPI) is a critical management strategy to evaluate colostrum management and feeding; however, variability in hemoconcentration or serum or plasma volume in calves might influence TPI assessment. The objectives of this study were to (1) describe the variability in hemoconcentration as well as TPI in Holstein calves in New York State and (2) describe the effect of adjusting total protein (TP) for the degree of hemoconcentration by applying a sample average proportion of plasma in blood (PP) on TPI assessment. Records of TP and PP from 703 Holstein calves 1 to 9 d of age from 19 commercial dairy farms were analyzed. The PP was determined by centrifugation of microhematocrit tubes and serum and plasma TP was determined by digital refractometry. Transfer of passive immunity was categorized using unadjusted TP (uTP) as excellent = ≥6.2, good = 5.8–6.1, fair = 5.1–5.7, and poor &lt;5.1 g/dL. Individual calf TP concentrations were adjusted to the sample average PP and TPI categories were reassessed using the adjusted TP value (aTP). The sample mean ± SD (range) PP was 68.8% ± 5.8% (50.5% to 86.0%). The PP was lower on d 1 compared with d 7 of age. Using uTP to categorize TPI, 22 (3.1%) calves had poor, 113 (16.2%) calves had fair, 164 (23.6%) calves had good, and 397 (57.1%) calves had excellent TPI, respectively. After adjusting TP for hemoconcentration, TPI determined using aTP resulted in 52 (7.5%, +4.4 percentage points) calves in poor, 137 (19.7%, +3.5 percentage points) calves in fair, 122 (17.5%, −6.1 percentage points) calves in good, and 385 (55.3%, −1.8 percentage points) calves in excellent. The mean (range) proportion of calves with TPI determined using uTP by farm was 3.9% (0% to 16%) for poor, 19.0% (2% to 36%) for fair, 25.3% (10% to 42%) for good, 51.8% (26% to 83%) for excellent. When categorized using aTP, the proportion of calves by farm was 8.1% (0% to 21%) in poor, 20.5% (8% to 42%) in fair, 19.1% (6% to 33%) in good, and 52.4% (27% to 83%) in excellent TPI. In conclusion, PP was variable in calves during the time of TPI assessment and this variability should be considered when assessing TPI at the calf- or herd level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 713-718"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141038391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}