JDS communications最新文献

{"title":"Repeated infusion of killed Staphylococcus aureus has increasingly negative effects on milk yield and composition","authors":"B.D. Enger,&nbsp;G. Hastings,&nbsp;C.S. Gammariello,&nbsp;M.X.S. Oliveira,&nbsp;K.M. Enger","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0718","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0718","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mastitis reduces milk yield of affected mammary glands, but the mechanisms that reduce mammary gland productivity are unclear. We previously aimed to develop a reduced milk yield mastitis model via a single sterile intramammary infusion of oyster glycogen but failed to observe milk yield response even when milk SCC spiked greater than 3,000,000 cells/mL. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of repeatedly challenging mammary glands in a split-udder model to determine if duration of immune response would affect milk yields. Four mid-lactation primiparous cows were used. Quarters of a randomly selected udder half were infused with saline (SAL), whereas the quarters of the opposite udder half were infused with 2 billion cfu of formalin-fixed <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (FX-STAPH). Intramammary infusions were repeated every 3 d for 12 d; milk yields and composition were measured at each milking (2×/d). Milk yield, composition, and somatic cell scores were similar between udder half treatments before challenge. After the first challenge, cows only displayed subclinical mastitis, and after repeated challenges, bouts of mild clinical mastitis resulted. Somatic cell scores of FX-STAPH udder halves were greater than SAL udder halves at all postchallenge milkings. Milk fat content was unaffected by udder half treatment. Conversely, FX-STAPH udder halves had greater overall mean protein content and lesser lactose content than SAL udder halves. Milk yield of FX-STAPH udder halves were lower than that of SAL udder halves, and the magnitude of depression increased with study duration. Similarly, milk component treatment differences became more pronounced after repeated challenges. The results of this study indicate that the duration of somatic cell count elevation during subclinical or mild clinical mastitis affects the degree of milk compositional change and yield loss.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 444-447"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating gut permeability in neonatal calves with diarrhea: A case-control study","authors":"Luiza S. Zakia ,&nbsp;Diego E. Gomez ,&nbsp;Michael A. Steele ,&nbsp;Peter D. Constable ,&nbsp;Stephen J. LeBlanc ,&nbsp;David L. Renaud","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0709","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0709","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this case-control study was to assess gut permeability, measured through Cr-EDTA recovery, in healthy and diarrheic neonatal calves. The study was conducted at a commercial calf-rearing facility, where fecal consistency was monitored twice daily. Calves were categorized as diarrheic if they had runny or watery feces, whereas those with normal fecal consistency, neutrophil count, and physical exam findings were considered healthy controls. Gut permeability assessment (Cr-EDTA: 0.1 g/kg BW administered orally 2 h after milk feeding) and blood bacterial culture were performed 24 h after onset of diarrhea. Plasma Cr concentration was determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Kruskal-Wallis tests, followed by Dunn's post hoc test, were used to compare Cr concentrations between groups. The study included 12 healthy calves and 11 diarrheic calves, with 5 diarrheic calves having bacteremia. Diarrheic calves had greater median (interquartile range) plasma Cr concentrations than healthy calves at 2 h (1.76 [0.92–2.34] mg/L vs. 0.59 [0.48–1.19] mg/L) and 4 h (2.07 [1.57–2.51] mg/L vs. 0.92 [0.77–1.66] mg/L) postadministration, respectively. Both bacteremic and nonbacteremic calves with diarrhea had greater plasma Cr concentrations at 2 h compared with healthy calves (bacteremic: 1.96 [1.76–2.03] mg/L; nonbacteremic: 1.42 [0.78–2.34] mg/L), but there was no difference between bacteremic and nonbacteremic calves. At 4 h postadministration, both bacteremic (2.00 [1.67–2.07] mg/L) and nonbacteremic (2.45 [1.57–3.66] mg/L) diarrheic calves had greater plasma Cr concentrations than healthy calves, with no difference observed between bacteremic and nonbacteremic groups. This study suggests an association between diarrhea and increased gut permeability in neonatal calves. Further studies are required to compare gut permeability in a larger cohort of bacteremic and nonbacteremic diarrheic neonatal calves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 350-355"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing antibiotic treatment at dry-off on one quarter versus all quarters in cows with only one quarter affected with a high somatic cell count or an intramammary infection","authors":"P. Silva Boloña ,&nbsp;A. Valldecabres ,&nbsp;C. Clabby ,&nbsp;P. Dillon","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0674","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0674","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this randomized controlled study was to evaluate, on cows with only one quarter affected at dry-off with an IMI, a high SCC (&gt;200,000 cells/mL), or both, the impact of treating with an antibiotic plus internal teat sealant only the quarter affected (treating unaffected quarters with teat sealant alone; SelectAB) versus all quarters (AllAB) on subsequent lactation SCC (analyzed as log₁₀ transformed SCC) and IMI (odds of cure [i.e., affected quarter at dry-off but not at calving]; and odds of healthy [i.e., not affected at dry-off and calving]). Ninety-six multiparous cows from 3 research herds were randomly assigned to SelectAB or AllAB. Linear and logistic regression mixed models were used for data analysis. Cows assigned to AllAB had a 0.15 units lower log₁₀ SCC (95% CI = −0.19 to −0.11 log points) through the full subsequent lactation compared with SelectAB cows. The odds of cure for an affected quarter were similar for AllAB and SelectAB cows (odds ratio = 0.77; 95% CI = 0.27–2.20), but cows under AllAB had higher odds of having a healthy quarter shortly after calving compared with SelectAB cows (odds ratio = 2.86; 95% CI = 1.21–6.73). In conclusion, a reduced rate of healthy quarters (i.e., increased new infections any time from dry-off to shortly after calving), especially in quarters treated with internal teat sealant alone within an udder with one quarter affected with IMI, high SCC, or both at dry-off, may be a major barrier for the implementation of a quarter-based dry-off treatment approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 356-361"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of drivers of Listeria environmental monitoring programs in small- and medium-sized dairy processing plants","authors":"Caroline Motzer,&nbsp;Aljosa Trmcic,&nbsp;Nicole Martin,&nbsp;Martin Wiedmann,&nbsp;Samantha Bolten","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0692","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Small- and medium-sized dairy processing plants (SMDPP) may face unique challenges, such as limited financial resources, when implementing <em>Listeria</em> environmental monitoring programs (EMP). To better understand what drives investment in <em>Listeria</em> EMP, 9 SMDPP, which had previously participated in an ∼1-yr longitudinal study focused on implementing <em>Listeria</em> EMP, completed a questionnaire regarding their EMP-associated costs. This questionnaire was used to obtain each plant's (1) self-reported product value (i.e., estimated total value of finished product [ETVFP] in a plant at any given time) and other EMP-associated costs (e.g., corrective action costs), as well as (2) perceived ability to control pathogens in their processing environment. Additionally, we used a predefined rubric to assess each SMDPP's commitment to their <em>Listeria</em> EMP; these data were used to obtain a “food safety culture score” out of 225 possible points. Overall, a wide range of total EMP investments ($1,186.96–$55,530.58) and food safety culture scores (56 out of 225 to 222 out of 225) were reported across plants. Linear regression analysis identified that predictor variables of plant size, overall environmental <em>Listeria</em> prevalence during the EMP implementation period, ETVFP, and food safety culture score were not significantly associated with the outcome of the total amount of money that plants spent on their <em>Listeria</em> EMP (i.e., their total EMP investment). Although small, our study suggests that SMDPP's financial investments in <em>Listeria</em> EMP may be influenced by other external factors or factors not related to food safety, such as owners' gut feelings, beliefs, and attitudes. To address this, we recommend that food safety training and educational programs for small and medium food businesses include coverage of food safety–related business risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 277-281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spore levels in bulk tank organic raw milk and whole milk powder are reduced by udder hair singeing","authors":"Zoe D. Wasserlauf-Pepper ,&nbsp;Rachel L. Weachock ,&nbsp;Christina M. Geary ,&nbsp;Martin Wiedmann ,&nbsp;Nicole H. Martin","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0734","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0734","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Routine removal of udder hair through singeing or clipping is a farm management practice that is often used with the intention of reducing SCC and mastitis caused by environmental pathogens. Udder hair removal was also recently identified as a factor of importance for the level of bacterial spores in certified organic bulk tank raw milk. Sporeforming bacteria form resistant endospores, or spores, that allow the organisms to survive harsh environmental conditions, including high temperatures, low moisture, exposure to chemicals, and other conditions that would otherwise be lethal to the vegetative cell. Due to this resistance, spores that are present in raw milk can survive processing hurdles used in dairy product manufacturing, germinate into vegetative cells, and ultimately cause spoilage and quality deterioration in dairy products including fluid milk, cheese, and products using dairy powders as ingredients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine if udder hair removal through singeing reduces the concentration of bacterial spores in certified organic bulk tank raw milk. Four organic dairy farms that had not routinely removed udder hair were recruited, and bulk tank samples were collected before and after a singeing intervention on all lactating dairy cows contributing to the bulk tank. Raw milk samples, as well as whole milk powder manufactured from the raw milk collected before and after the intervention, were assessed for different groups of dairy relevant bacterial spores. A numerical reduction from before to after intervention was observed in the mean raw milk mesophilic spore count, thermophilic spore count, and butyric acid bacteria most probable number, whereas a numerical increase was observed in the mean raw milk total bacteria count and psychrotolerant spore most probable number, although none of these changes were significant. The mean mesophilic spore count and thermophilic spore count in whole milk powder manufactured from pre- and post-intervention raw milk was, however, significantly reduced from 2.46 to 1.58 log₁₀ cfu/g and 1.44 to 1.22 log₁₀ cfu/g, respectively. The results of our study indicate that udder hair removal may aid in reducing key populations of spores found in organic raw milk and resulting dairy powders manufactured from that raw milk, although the small sample size in our study likely affected the significance of our results. Future studies should further investigate the role of udder hair removal on a larger set of organic farms, as well as the downstream impact on spore levels in other manufactured dairy products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 282-286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meta-analysis of the effects of the dietary inclusion of brewers grains on feed intake, milk yield, and feed efficiency of lactating dairy cows","authors":"S.C. Chelkapally ,&nbsp;T.H. Terrill ,&nbsp;I.M. Ogunade ,&nbsp;Z.M. Estrada-Reyes ,&nbsp;A.A. Pech-Cervantes","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0626","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0626","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Distillery byproducts such as brewers grains (BG) have been widely used in dairy cow diets for decades to reduce diet costs and improve nutrient efficiency. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the magnitude of the effects of dietary supplementation with BG on feed intake (DMI), digestibility, milk yield (MY), and feed efficiency (FE) of lactating dairy cows. A total of 12 peer-reviewed articles (n = 472 dairy cows) from 1983 to 2021 were collected systematically with the PRISMA method. The weighted raw mean differences (RMD) between dietary BG and control treatments were estimated with a robust variance estimation. Likewise, diet characteristics, such as CP content, NDF content, type of BG (wet = 1 and dry = 2), DIM, and BG inclusion rate (0 to 75%) were used as covariates in a meta-regression, subset, and dose-response analysis. Compared with the control, dietary BG decreased DMI (19.7 vs. 20.2 kg/d) and tended to increase MY (28.9 vs. 28.4 kg/d), but no effects were observed on FCM yield (29.1 vs. 28.8 kg/d), milk fat (3.8 vs. 3.7%), and milk protein (3.2 vs. 3.2%) concentrations. However, dietary BG increased FE (1.45 vs. 1.34 FCM/DMI) without influencing total-tract DM (61.9 vs. 55.7%) and NDF (49.7 vs. 54.5%) digestibility. Increasing the inclusion rate of BG linearly increased (R² = 0. 554) dietary NDF. Thus, the dose-response analysis revealed that feeding up to 20% BG (dietary NDF = 39%) to lactating dairy cows increased MY and FE. Overall, this meta-analysis supports the hypothesis that dietary BG improved FE in lactating dairy cows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 299-303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring minds: Understanding the mental states of dairy cattle in different management conditions*","authors":"Heather W. Neave","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0712","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0712","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Minimizing negative and promoting positive emotional states are central to animal welfare. Evaluating these states in dairy cattle under farm conditions is challenging yet vital. This review highlights behavioral (e.g., play, body language), physiological (e.g., heart rate variability, infrared thermography), and cognitive (e.g., judgment bias, flexibility) indicators for assessing emotional states. The selected examples highlight the potential effects of different management conditions on the positive or negative emotional state and cognitive functioning of dairy cattle. Advances in automation have opened avenues for continuous assessment of the mental states of dairy cattle on-farm; this will enable adjustments to management practices to meet individual needs and improve animal welfare.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 479-483"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of artificial insemination, ruminal incubation, and esophageal tubing on cortisol concentration in blood of lactating dairy cows","authors":"Victoria Ferreira ,&nbsp;Gonzalo Ferreira","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0676","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0676","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cortisol is a hormone associated with pain, fear, distress, or discomfort. We hypothesized that human interventions increase cortisol concentrations in dairy cow plasma. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the concentration of cortisol in plasma before and after animals were subjected to routine on-farm and research procedures, including artificial insemination, ruminal incubation, and esophageal tubing. This study used 40 lactating Holstein cows. Experimental treatments consisted of 4 interventions. Before any intervention, a first blood sample was collected from all cows. Following this blood sample, all cows were assigned to 1 of 4 treatments. A negative control treatment consisted of collecting a second blood sample at least 30 min after the previous one, without any human intervention. Artificial insemination was performed by the herd managers from the Virginia Tech Dairy Complex (Blacksburg, VA). A rumen incubation treatment consisted of collecting a second blood sample 30 min after opening the rumen cannula, inserting the operator's arm, and pulling ruminal contents out of the rumen for 2 min, mimicking a ruminal in situ incubation, and replacing the cannula plug. The esophageal tubing treatment consisted of collecting a second blood sample 30 min after inserting an esophageal tube into the esophagus for 2 min, mimicking a ruminal drenching procedure. Blood samples were collected from the coccygeal vessels. Cortisol concentration in plasma was measured by an independent laboratory using a chemiluminescence assay. The experiment was designed as a completely randomized design with repeated measures, where cow was the subject and the pre- and postintervention sampling were the repeated observations. The statistical model included the fixed effect of treatment, the random effect of cow, the fixed effect of time, the fixed effect of the treatment by time interaction, and the random residual error. According to the Akaike information criterion, compound symmetry was used as the covariance structure for the repeated measures. Cortisol concentrations in plasma after the interventions did not differ from the concentrations in plasma before the interventions. Cows subjected to artificial insemination had greater cortisol concentrations than cows subjected to the other treatments. No interaction existed between treatment and time. Most cows subjected to insemination in a palpation rail had elevated cortisol concentrations before the intervention. Therefore, animal restraint seems to affect cortisol concentrations in plasma more than the actual human intervention. Overall, human interventions such as artificial insemination, ruminal incubation, and esophageal tubing did not elevate the cortisol concentrations in the plasma of lactating dairy cattle under the conditions of this study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 241-244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143520693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adenomyosis and fibrosis define the morphological memory of the postpartum uterus of dairy cows previously exposed to metritis","authors":"Isabella Sellmer Ramos ,&nbsp;Monica O. Caldeira ,&nbsp;Scott E. Poock ,&nbsp;Joao G.N. Moraes ,&nbsp;Matthew C. Lucy ,&nbsp;Amanda L. Patterson","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0633","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optimal fertility after calving in lactating dairy cows is dependent upon the successful completion of uterine involution. Invasion of pathogenic bacteria into the uterine environment within the first week postpartum can lead to uterine disease (metritis). Metritis is associated with decreased fertility and a failure or delay in establishing pregnancy. We hypothesized that early postpartum metritis would be associated with long-term changes in uterine morphology that begin within the first 30 d postpartum (DPP) and are present during a typical breeding window (2–6 mo postpartum). First parity Holstein cows were diagnosed with metritis (M) or deemed healthy (H) at 7 to 10 DPP and uterine tissues were collected and analyzed postmortem at 30 (experiment [Exp.] 1; M = 10, H = 10), or 80 and 165 (Exp. 2; M = 9, H = 10) DPP for the presence of abnormal morphology, including abnormal invasion of endometrial glands and stroma into the myometrium (adenomyosis) and endometrial fibrosis. Glands were identified using immunohistochemistry for FOXA2 (uterine gland specific marker) and fibrosis was identified using Masson's trichrome stain (MTS). The severity of adenomyosis was assessed by the number and size of adenomyotic foci and the distance of foci from the endometrium-myometrium interface (EMI). The degree of fibrosis was defined by MTS intensity. Data were analyzed using a 2-way ANOVA procedure including the effect of metritis and DPP on the dependent variables foci size, distance from EMI, and MTS intensity. A negative binomial regression model was used for the dependent variable of foci number. The presence, size, and distance from the EMI of adenomyotic foci were greater for later postpartum (Exp. 2, 80 and 165 DPP) and early postpartum cows (Exp. 1, 30 DPP) that were previously diagnosed with metritis, suggesting greater severity of adenomyosis. Endometrial fibrosis was greater at the stratum basalis (near EMI) compared with the stratum compactum endometrium (near uterine lumen) for all Exp. 2 (80 and 165 DPP) cows. Greater fibrosis (regardless of endometrial region) was observed in cows diagnosed with metritis compared with healthy controls. Taken together, these data indicate that early postpartum metritis is associated with long-term changes to postpartum uterine morphology, including increased pathological fibrogenesis, leading to the presence of late postpartum endometrial fibrosis (scar tissue), and aberrant endometrial invasion into the myometrium (adenomyosis). Additionally, increased collagen fiber at the EMI suggests a correlation between the development of adenomyosis and fibrosis, which could result from sustained endometrial inflammation caused by uterine disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 250-255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143520696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Near-infrared spectroscopy analysis to predict urinary allantoin in dairy cows","authors":"Leonardo A.C. Ribeiro ,&nbsp;Guilherme L. Menezes ,&nbsp;Tiago Bresolin ,&nbsp;Sebastian I. Arriola Apelo ,&nbsp;Joao R.R. Dórea","doi":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0641","DOIUrl":"10.3168/jdsc.2024-0641","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate quantification of rumen microbial proteins is essential in dairy cow nutrition to estimate the ruminal escape of dietary protein and microbial yield. Current quantification methods rely on indirect measurements using purine derivatives (PD). However, these methods require specialized laboratory equipment and trained personnel, resources which are often not available in farm settings. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) has emerged as a powerful tool for predicting the attributes of biological samples, including meat, corn, soybeans, and liquids. Given that allantoin is the primary component in PD, this study aims to (1) develop a predictive model for allantoin levels in urine using NIR and (2) identify key spectral regions for future applications. A total of 182 urine samples were collected from 182 Holstein cows for colorimetric analysis of allantoin and spectral analysis. The raw spectra were preprocessed using scatter correlation methods and spectral derivatives. The partial least squares regression model achieved an R² of 0.55, a concordance correlation coefficient of 0.73, and a root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP) of 3.63 mmol/L to predict allantoin concentration from the spectra data set without preprocessing. However, the use of the first derivative (FirstDev) as a preprocessing step reduced the RMSEP from 3.63 mmol/L to 3.25 mmol/L and increased the R² from 0.55 to 0.62. The FirstDev improves spectral resolution by eliminating the constant baseline, potentially explaining the improved model accuracy. Our method has the potential to evaluate the passage rate of microbial protein represented by the changes in urinary allantoin extraction and the potential to be used for AA dietary balance, thereby improving environmental sustainability and profitability in dairy farms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94061,"journal":{"name":"JDS communications","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 212-216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143520745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}