European journal of microbiology & immunology最新文献

{"title":"Disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial infection in the context of interferon-gamma autoantibody syndrome: A case report and review of the literature.","authors":"Victoria Jordan, Robert Pickles","doi":"10.1556/1886.2024.00123","DOIUrl":"10.1556/1886.2024.00123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) autoantibody syndrome is an emerging clinical entity that has been associated with disseminated non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection (dNTM) particularly in healthy young people, a population not previously thought to be at particular risk. A 29-year-old South-East Asian man presented with several weeks of fever, cough, lymphadenopathy, and constitutional symptoms while working on an international cargo ship, deteriorating rapidly with a sepsis-like syndrome. Eventually lymph node and sputum cultures revealed a diagnosis of dNTM infection with growth of both Mycobacterium persicum and Mycobacterium abscessus. He was commenced on rituximab as well as combination anti-mycobacterial therapy with good clinical response. This case highlights some of the difficulties faced by patients with dNTM in the context of IFN-γ autoantibodies, particularly delayed diagnosis, and lack of evidence base surrounding optimal management. Further research into long-term outcomes and treatment is required as well as increased awareness among clinicians.</p>","PeriodicalId":93998,"journal":{"name":"European journal of microbiology & immunology","volume":" ","pages":"57-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11925191/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142960544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FcγRIIa-mediated antibody-dependent uptake of SARS-CoV-2 enhances IL-6 expression of monocytes.","authors":"Kemal Mese, Esther Maguilla Rosado, Carsten G K Lüder, Ahmed Sayed Abdel-Moneim, Patrick Jordan, Julian Schwanbeck, Oskar Bunz, Raimond Lugert, Wolfgang Bohne, Jian Gao, Anna Dudakova, Uwe Groß, Andreas E Zautner","doi":"10.1556/1886.2024.00109","DOIUrl":"10.1556/1886.2024.00109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This work aimed to investigate interactions between antibody-opsonized SARS-CoV-2 and monocytes enriched from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to determine whether antibody dependent enhancement might contribute to the pathophysiology of COVID-19. Pre-incubation of SARS-CoV-2 with sera from hospitalized COVID-19 patients led to significantly increased virus uptake and viral replication in monocytes. Remarkably, SARS-CoV-2 pre-incubated with sera from patients with severe COVID-19 but not those with mild disease or post vaccination strongly increased IL-6 secretion by monocytes. Antibody dependent viral uptake was partially inhibited by monoclonal anti-FcγRIIa antibody whereas IL-6 secretion was completely abolished. FcγRIIa preferentially binds IgG2, and sera from patients with severe COVID-19 contained lower IgG2 levels as compared to mild COVID-19 cases whereas IgG1 levels were increased. These data suggests that FcγRIIa-mediated binding of antibody-opsonized SARS-CoV-2 critically impacts monocytic inflammatory cytokine release and COVID-19 pathophysiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":93998,"journal":{"name":"European journal of microbiology & immunology","volume":" ","pages":"380-391"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11836651/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142831465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunohaemostasis and the significance of immune reactions in the regulation of blood coagulation.","authors":"Yuliya Tyravska, Tarana Nadeem, Oleksandr Savchenko, Oleksandr Bondarchuk, Yuliia Talabko","doi":"10.1556/1886.2024.00107","DOIUrl":"10.1556/1886.2024.00107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study was conducted to determine the specific features of the mutual influence of the immune and haemostatic systems in immunohaemostasis, the role of immune reactions in the regulation of blood coagulation, and the efficacy of modern methods of treating thrombosis and bleeding.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study analysed relevant scientific sources on immunology and haematology and identified the specific features of the blood clotting process and the role of immune reactions in it.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found that the immune system influences the haematological system through the interaction of blood clotting factors, platelets, plasminogen, endothelial cells with immune cells. The haemostatic system influences the immune system through mechanisms to maintain immune tolerance and immune memory and the properties of clotting factors to activate the stimulation and migration of immune cells to the site of infection. Immune reactions regulate blood coagulation by activating platelets, regulating blood coagulation factors, affecting fibrinolysis, and immune tolerance. The process of platelet activation involves immune cells, immune complexes, and microbial components. The regulation of blood coagulation factors is influenced by the ability of immune cells to produce activators and inhibitors of these factors and to stimulate or slow down fibrinolysis. The immune system's maintenance of immune tolerance to blood components is regulated by mechanisms of immune response suppression, partial immune ignoring of certain blood elements, inhibition of activation of certain immune cells, apoptosis, and selection of immature T-lymphocytes. Treatment methods for patients at risk of thrombosis and bleeding include anticoagulation, antiplatelet, dual antiplatelet therapy, thrombectomy, endovascular methods, medical prophylaxis of bleeding, and coagulation monitoring.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of this study suggest the significance of immune responses in the regulation of blood coagulation processes, and therefore they can be used in the development of immunotherapy methods for the treatment of thrombosis and bleeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":93998,"journal":{"name":"European journal of microbiology & immunology","volume":" ","pages":"392-404"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11836649/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142775888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infections acquired in barbershops - A review.","authors":"Jakob M Britsch, Stefan Bereswill, Markus M Heimesaat","doi":"10.1556/1886.2024.00104","DOIUrl":"10.1556/1886.2024.00104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Barbershops are important venues for men to get their hair and beards done and hence, play an important role in men's social life. But barbershops can also be a source of infections. The barber's profession brings the barber into direct contact with customers who may carry pathogens, and contaminated instruments or skin-to-skin contacts might transmit infectious agents. Since barbers work with non-sterile and reusable sharp objects, a simple nick might facilitate blood-borne infections. In our review article we summarize current knowledge regarding barbershop-acquired infections including transmission routes and preventive measures. In fact, shaving in barbershops, particularly when reusing non-disinfected razor blades increases the transmission risk for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B or C viruses. Furthermore, distinct bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus, fungi (in particular dermatophytic Trichophyton species) as well as ectoparasitic lice could be identified upon screening of the barbers' equipment and working places. However, knowledge regarding and compliance in hygiene practices varied considerably among barbers. Notably, since in certain countries barbershops are venues to contact sex workers, sexually transmitted diseases might also be acquired in barbershops. In conclusion, improving hygiene standards including disinfection of reusable equipment, and surveillance of the preventive measures would reduce the risk for barbershop-acquired infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":93998,"journal":{"name":"European journal of microbiology & immunology","volume":" ","pages":"366-372"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11836655/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142690140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nocardia wallacei: A rare cause of actinomycetoma in an immunocompetent patient.","authors":"Panjit Chieosilapatham, Kwanjit Duangsonk, Issara Kaweewan, Siripong Tongjai, Thanat Kanthawang","doi":"10.1556/1886.2024.00110","DOIUrl":"10.1556/1886.2024.00110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Actinomycetoma, a neglected tropical disease affecting the skin and soft tissues, is primarily caused by filamentous bacteria including Nocardia species. Here, we report a healthy 56-year-old man who has a one-year history of nodular lesions with seropurulent discharge on his right knee. Despite negative initial tissue culture, the sulfur granules that were partially acid-fast and Gram-positive branching filamentous rods were revealed in the tissue section. Repeated investigation identified the rare pathogen Nocardia wallacei, using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene sequencing. The patient was successfully treated with a six-month course of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.This report describes a rare case of actinomycetoma due to N. wallacei, highlighting the challenges in diagnosis and the importance of accurate pathogen identification for the successful management of infection. The current literature regarding the causative agent will also be discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":93998,"journal":{"name":"European journal of microbiology & immunology","volume":" ","pages":"373-379"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11836654/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142669903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulmonary malakoplakia due to Prescottella (Rhodococcus) soli in a renal transplant recipient: First reported case.","authors":"Victoria Jordan, Sugamya Mallawathantri, Ayesha Akram, Hemalatha Varadhan","doi":"10.1556/1886.2024.00108","DOIUrl":"10.1556/1886.2024.00108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prescottella (Rhodococcus) soli is a soil-dwelling organism not previously thought to be pathogenic in humans. We discuss the case of a 78-year-old male renal transplant recipient presenting with respiratory symptoms and multiple pulmonary nodules, found to be pulmonary malakoplakia secondary to infection with Prescottella (Rhodococcus) soli. Treatment was commenced with vancomycin, meropenem and azithromycin for an induction period of two weeks and continued with indefinite oral moxifloxacin and azithromycin with significant clinical improvement. Although rare, Prescottella species, including Prescottella soli, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary nodules, particularly in immunocompromised patients. More data is required to inform optimal treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":93998,"journal":{"name":"European journal of microbiology & immunology","volume":" ","pages":"361-365"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11836652/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142650422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence and risk factors of cats in the Budapest area.","authors":"Miklós Pál Dunay, Dorottya Zólyomi, Eszter Gulyás, Ildiko Rita Dunay","doi":"10.1556/1886.2024.00079","DOIUrl":"10.1556/1886.2024.00079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to survey the current distribution of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) seropositivity within the cat population in Budapest area. Therefore, blood samples of 123 cats aged 0.5-18 years were collected. The measurements were performed by the commercial ID Screen® Toxoplasmosis Indirect Multi-species ELISA kit. The results indicate an overall 31.7% of seropositivity, which was significantly increasing with age. A correlation was also detected between the outdoor lifestyle and T. gondii infection. A significantly higher proportion of cats living outdoors were seropositive (38.8%) compared to those living indoor (18.6%) (P = 0.022). Finally, our study indicates a lower T. gondii seropositivity rate in cats compared to previous studies from Hungary, as well as from other European regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":93998,"journal":{"name":"European journal of microbiology & immunology","volume":" ","pages":"340-345"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11836656/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142570737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Replicative co-infections with human immunodeficiency virus 1 and 2 as well as hepatitis B and C virus in Ghanaian individuals.","authors":"Lynn Glyschewski, Andreas Hahn, Holger Rohde, Marc Lütgehetmann, Torsten Feldt, Fred Stephen Sarfo, Richard Odame Phillips, Albert Dompreh, Shadrack Osei Asibey, Richard Boateng, Felix Weinreich, Hagen Frickmann, Kirsten Alexandra Eberhardt","doi":"10.1556/1886.2024.00103","DOIUrl":"10.1556/1886.2024.00103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The study assessed replicative human immunodeficiency virus-(HIV-) infection and replicative co-infections as well as molecular determinants of reduced susceptibility towards anti-retroviral therapy in a Ghanaian population of known HIV patients and a control group.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Real-time PCRs for HIV-1, HIV-2, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) were run with serum samples from known Ghanaian HIV-patients (n = 975) and control individuals (n = 105). For 108 individuals, HIV-sequence analysis was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Prevalence of replicative HIV-1 infection was 59.8% (583/975) in the known HIV-positive population and 2.9% (3/105) in the controls. Prevalences of replicative HBV-infection were comparable with 3.4% (33/975) in the HIV-positive individuals and 3.8% (4/105) in the controls. HIV-2 and HCV sequences were not recorded. Almost perfect concordance between two compared HIV-1-PCR assays was indicated by Fleiss' Kappa >0.8. Sanger sequencing indicated CRF_02AG, G and A3 as the quantitatively dominating HIV-1 subtypes, a minority of 3.4% CXCR4 tropism and high detection rates of mutations mediating reduced susceptibility towards nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (71.9%, 64/89), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (95.5%, 85/89), protease inhibitors (95.9%, 93/97) and integrase inhibitors (22.4%, 22/98).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The assessment did not suggest HIV-triggered increased replication of HBV and HCV in the investigated Ghanaian population.</p>","PeriodicalId":93998,"journal":{"name":"European journal of microbiology & immunology","volume":" ","pages":"346-360"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11836648/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial and temporal dynamics of the prevalence of resistance genes and gastrointestinal pathogens in stool samples of German deployment returnees.","authors":"Vanessa Navabi, Dorothea Franziska Wiemer, Matthias Halfter, Ulrich Müseler, Susann Dupke, Anja Petrov-Salzwedel, Ulrich Schotte, Hagen Frickmann","doi":"10.1556/1886.2024.00093","DOIUrl":"10.1556/1886.2024.00093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The exploratory study assessed trends in the abundance of CTX-M-type extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and vancomycin-resistance genes vanA and vanB in the stool samples of German soldiers and police officers returning from predominantly tropical deployments next to the common diarrheagenic Escherichia (E.) coli pathovars enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC)) as well as rarely imported Vibrio spp. between 2006 and 2024.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Surveillance was performed applying real-time polymerase chain reaction and results were stratified by World Health Organization region of deployment as well as by deployment period. For the latter, the study interval was divided into three pre-COVID-19-pandemic periods, the COVID-19-pandemic period and the post-COVID-19-pandemic period. Averaged prevalences were used as references.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In stool samples of 1817 deployed German soldiers and 117 police officers, averaged prevalences were 47.9% and 24.8% for the ESBL-type beta-lactamase blaCTX-M, 30.2% and 14.5% for vanB, 9.0% and 17.9% for EPEC, 3.4% and 12.8% for ETEC, 4.0% and 3.4% for EAEC as well as 2.0% and 3.4% for Vibrio spp., respectively. While resistance genes peaked during early deployments, maximum prevalences for enteropathogens were seen later.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The assessment suggested time- and region-dependence of the assessed parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":93998,"journal":{"name":"European journal of microbiology & immunology","volume":" ","pages":"309-332"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11836650/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A recent update on the antibacterial effects of distinct bioactive molecules derived from the Cannabis plant.","authors":"Mathis Werner, Stefan Bereswill, Markus M Heimesaat","doi":"10.1556/1886.2024.00098","DOIUrl":"10.1556/1886.2024.00098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The number of human infections with multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria is increasing worldwide and constitutes a serious threat to human health. Given the lack of novel antibiotic compounds worsening this dilemma, alternative antibiotic-independent treatment and prevention strategies of infectious diseases applying natural compounds appear highly appreciable. Given the long-known health-beneficial and disease-alleviating properties of Cannabis, we performed a literature search summarizing current knowledge regarding the antibacterial effects of extracts from different parts of the Cannabis sativa plant and of defined Cannabis-derived molecules and their potential mode of action. The included studies revealed that various extracts and essential oils of C. sativa as well as major cannabinoids exerted potent activities against a broad spectrum of Gram-positive bacteria and against some Gram-negative bacterial species including MDR strains. Particularly the disruption of the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane by some cannabinoids resulted in potent antibacterial effects against Gram-positive bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, defined cannabinoids inhibited the formation of and eradicated existing bacterial biofilms. In conclusion, given their antibacterial properties distinct Cannabis-derived molecules expand the repertoire of antibiotics-independent treatment options in the combat of bacterial infectious diseases which should be further addressed in future studies including clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":93998,"journal":{"name":"European journal of microbiology & immunology","volume":" ","pages":"333-339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11836653/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}