Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme最新文献

{"title":"Effects of daylong exposure to indoor overheating on enterocyte damage and inflammatory responses in older adults: a randomized crossover trial.","authors":"Ben J Lee, Robert D Meade, Sarah L Davey, Charles D Thake, James J McCormick, Kelli E King, Glen P Kenny","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0368","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0368","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We evaluated enterocyte damage (IFABP), immune activation (sCD14), and inflammatory responses (TNF-α, IL-6, CRP) in 16 older adults (66-78 years) during 8 h rest in conditions simulating homes maintained at 22 °C (control), the 26 °C indoor temperature upper limit proposed by health agencies, and homes without air-conditioning during heatwaves (31 °C, 36 °C). Relative to 22 °C, IFABP was elevated ∼181 pg/mL after exposure to 31 °C (<i>P</i> = 0.07), and by ∼378 pg/mL (<i>P</i> < 0.001) after exposure to 36 °C. No differences were observed for sCD14, TNF-α, IL-6, or CRP (all <i>P</i> ≥ 0.26). Our data support recommendations to maintain indoor temperatures ≤ 26 °C to preserve gastrointestinal barrier integrity in heat-vulnerable persons.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143054485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An exploration of physical literacy in masters athletes.","authors":"Garry McCracken, Elijah M K Haynes, Jennifer M Jakobi","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0373","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0373","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key concepts: </strong>Little is known about physical literacy in older adults. Master athletes are unaware of the construct of physical literacy but they intuitively engage in high levels of PA. Social connection should be considered an integral component of physical literacy for older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143495018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feet-heating and calf-heating have opposing effects on glucose tolerance and heart rate variability: a randomized, controlled, crossover trial.","authors":"Gabriele Sanchez, Dena Prince, Shelby Glasser, Michael Buono, Jochen Kressler, Jeff M Moore","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0265","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0265","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heat exposure's effect on glucose tolerance depends on the amount of body exposed, likely relating to autonomic nervous system balance. We assessed how partial-body heat exposure at two different levels of the lower extremities affects glucose tolerance and autonomic nervous system balance, measured via heart rate variability. We hypothesized feet-heating would improve glucose tolerance without affecting heart rate variability, while calf-heating would worsen glucose tolerance and decrease heart rate variability compared to a thermoneutral control condition. In a randomized, controlled, crossover trial, healthy participants' (<i>N</i> = 31, 23(3) years, 45% male) glucose tolerance was measured in (A) thermoneutral; (B) feet-heating; and (C) calf-heating conditions. Every 30 min for 2 h, blood glucose, heart rate, heart rate variability, tympanic temperature, thermal comfort scores, and blood pressure were measured. There were significant interactions between condition and time for blood glucose (<i>F</i> (4.6,72.6) = 2.6, <i>p</i> = 0.036), heart rate (<i>F</i> (3.4, 54.5) = 3.5, <i>p</i> = 0.017), heart rate variability (<i>F</i> (4.3,63.2) = 7.5, <i>p</i> < .0001), tympanic temperature (<i>F</i> (8, 268) = 2.4, <i>p</i> = 0.014), and thermal comfort scores (<i>F</i> (8, 248) = 22.1, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). Calf-heating increased 90 min glucose (+12 (95% confidence interval, CI: 3-21) mg/dL, <i>p</i> = 0.013) and decreased heart rate variability throughout (mean decrease: 13%-22%, <i>p</i> < 0.007), while feet-heating lowered 90 min glucose (-7 (95% CI: -16 to +1) mg/dL, <i>p</i> = 0.090) without affecting heart rate variability (<i>p</i> = 0.14-0.99). Blood pressure and body temperature were similar between conditions, but heart rate and thermal comfort scores increased with heating. Calf-heating worsens, while feet-heating may improve, glucose tolerance. Changes in heart rate variability coincided with changes in glucose tolerance despite unchanged body temperature. Whether heart rate variability can be used to monitor autonomic nervous system balance during heating to optimize its acute effect on glycemic indices should be further explored.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142376431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Animal and plant protein usual intakes are not adversely associated with all-cause, cardiovascular disease-, or cancer-related mortality risk: an NHANES III analysis.","authors":"Yanni Papanikolaou, Stuart M Phillips, Victor L Fulgoni","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0594","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0594","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We used data from NHANES 1988-1994 to examine associations between animal and plant protein usual intakes and IGF-1 concentration with mortality from all causes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Adult data (<i>N</i> = 15 937) were linked with mortality data (<i>N</i> = 3843 events) through 2006. Usual intakes for protein were estimated using the multivariate Markov Chain Monte Carlo method. Hazard ratio (HR) models were fit for mortality types (all-cause, cancer, and CVD) with protein intake measures (per 1 g increase) and IGF-1 concentration (<i>N</i> = 5753). There were no associations between animal protein (HR = 0.99; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.98-1.01; <i>P</i> = 0.29) or plant protein (HR = 1.02; 95% CI: 0.95-1.10; <i>P</i> = 0.55) intake for all-cause mortality. Similar results were seen for CVD mortality and animal protein (HR = 1.02; 95% CI: 0.99-1.04; <i>P</i> = 0.14) and plant protein (HR = 1.01; 95% CI: 0.91-1.13; <i>P</i> = 0.81). There was an (inverse) association between cancer mortality and animal protein (HR = 0.95; 95% CI: 0.91-1.00; <i>P</i> = 0.04) but no relationship with plant protein (HR = 1.08; 95% CI: 0.93-1.24; <i>P</i> = 0.30). We found no association between concentrations of IGF-1 (<i>N</i> = 5753) for all-cause mortality (HR = 1.00; 95% CI: 0.99-1.00; <i>P</i> = 0.81), CVD mortality (HR = 0.99; 95% CI: 0.99-1.00; <i>P</i> = 0.53) or cancer mortality (HR = 1.00; 95% CI: 0.99-1.00; <i>P</i> = 0.76). Our results remained unchanged when the sample was separated into younger (<65 years) and older (>65, or between 50 and 65 years) cohorts. Our data do not support the thesis that source-specific protein intake is associated with greater mortality risk; however, animal protein may be mildly protective for cancer mortality. Mortality risk was not associated with circulating IGF-1 in any age group.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144153011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association of <i>SLC16A1</i> (<i>MCT1</i>) gene polymorphism with body composition changes during weight loss interventions: A randomized trial with sex-dependent analysis.","authors":"Rocío Cupeiro, Pedro J Benito, Teresa Amigo, Domingo González-Lamuño","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0246","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monocarboxylates, transported by monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), have been proposed to influence energy homeostasis and exhibit altered metabolism during exercise. This study investigated the association between the Asp490Glu (T1470A) (rs1049434) polymorphism of the <i>SLC16A1</i> (<i>MCT1</i>) gene and changes in body composition in males and females with overweight or obesity. The 173 participants (56.6% females) completed a 6-month randomized controlled trial, being assigned to the Supervised Exercise group (strength, endurance, or strength plus endurance training) or the Physical Activity (PA) Recommendations group. Participants were genotypically categorized as Asp/Asp (TT), Asp/Glu (TA), or Glu/Glu (AA). ANCOVA analysis showed main effects for genotype and interaction genotype × group (<i>p</i> < 0.05) for several variables, especially in females. Asp/Asp (TT) females showed greater reductions in total fat mass (-29.30 ± 8.75% change), percentage of body fat (-17.50 ± 8.06% change), and body weight (-13.90 ± 2.62% change) compared with Glu/Glu (AA) (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.020; <i>d</i> ≥ 0.18) and Asp/Glu (TA) (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.050; <i>d</i> ≥ 0.16) females, but only within the PA Recommendations group. Data indicated higher decreases in lean body mass of the Asp/Asp (TT) compared to Glu/Glu (AA) in females (<i>p</i> = 0.067, η² _p = 0.067) and to Asp/Glu (TA) in males (<i>p</i> = 0.026; η² _p = 0.101). Our investigation suggests an association of the single-nucleotide polymorphism with body composition changes especially in females following exercise recommendations, highlighting the importance of supervised training to offset genetic predisposition for different weight loss. Differences in males only appeared for lean body mass, suggesting sex differences for this genetic association. The study underscores the potential influence of MCT1 functionality on human adaptations to weight loss interventions. ClinicalTrials.gov information: registry name, Nutrition and Physical Activity for Obesity (PRONAF); registration number, NCT01116856.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142960227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sedentary time in older adults: absolute versus relative measures and their respective association with health conditions and multimorbidity.","authors":"René Maréchal, Ahmed Ghachem, Isabelle J Dionne","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0545","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0545","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Older adults (OA) accumulate a greater amount of sedentary time (ST) compared to other subgroups of the population, which is associated with deleterious effects on multiple health outcomes and mortality. This study compared absolute sedentary behavior time (ASBT), which is generally used in studies, to relative SB time (RSBT), defined as the percentage of daily wake time, for their respective association with health conditions and multimorbidity. Two-thousand-four-hundred-sixty-one older adults (65-79 years) participated in the Canadian Health Measures Survey (2007-2017) and wore an accelerometer for ≥4 days, including a weekend day. Information regarding six health condition categories was extracted: cancer, cardiovascular, metabolic, musculoskeletal, psychological, and pulmonary. We combined these health conditions to create a multimorbidity variable. Participants were divided into ASBT quartiles and RSBT quartiles. Comparing the most sedentary (Q4) to the least sedentary (Q1) groups, we found no significant associations with any health conditions for ASBT. However, the same comparison for RSBT showed that RSBT-Q4 (the most sedentary; <i>n</i> = 660), compared to RSBT-Q1 (<i>n</i> = 660), was associated with a significant (<i>p</i> < 0.01) greater prevalence of cancer (160 > 110), cardiovascular (422 > 326), metabolic (276 > 194), and musculoskeletal (407 > 345), as well as multimorbidity (462 > 350). After adjusting for confounding factors (moderate to vigorous physical activity, housing, income, education level, relationship status, accelerometer wear season, and status of drinking and smoking), these associations persisted with the exception of musculoskeletal conditions. These results demonstrate that RSBT could be more appropriate to capture the association between a sedentary lifestyle and health profiles in older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144037406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of visceral adiposity in the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and liver fat in asymptomatic adults.","authors":"Dominic J Chartrand, Eric Larose, Paul Poirier, Patrick Mathieu, Natalie Alméras, Philippe Pibarot, Benoît Lamarche, Caroline Rhéaume, Isabelle Lemieux, Jean-Pierre Després, Marie-Eve Piché","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0478","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0478","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Excess liver fat (LF) is associated with low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), low physical activity, and a deteriorated cardiometabolic health profile including increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Whether the association between LF and CRF is mediated by visceral adiposity is unknown. We studied the contribution of VAT to the relationship between CRF and LF in asymptomatic women and men. The sample included 320 participants (43% women) who underwent LF quantification by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. VAT was measured by magnetic resonance imaging, CRF using maximal cardiorespiratory exercise testing, and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) using a 3-day journal. Mean age was 50.3 ± 8.6 years, waist circumference was 89.3 ± 11.4 cm, and LF content was 4.3 ± 5.7%. LF was inversely correlated with CRF (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), MVPA (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and cardiometabolic health score (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), and positively related with VAT (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) in both sexes. Significantly higher levels of VAT (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) and a worsening cardiometabolic health score (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and CRF (<i>p</i> = 0.0001) were found across increasing sex-specific tertiles of LF levels. Lower levels of LF (<i>p</i> < 0.01) and VAT (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) and a higher cardiometabolic health score (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) and MVPA (<i>p</i> < 0.05) were noted across increasing sex-specific CRF tertiles. Multivariable regression analyses showed that visceral adiposity explained the majority of the variance in LF in both sexes (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Finally, serial mediation analyses revealed that VAT but not body fat percentage was a mediator in the relationship between CRF and LF in both sexes. Thus, visceral adiposity appears to be an important mediator in the relationship between CRF and LF, even after controlling for total adiposity.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144327993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curricula within Ontario universities as it relates to the profession of kinesiology.","authors":"Leslie E Auger, Michelle Van, John Srbely","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2025-0114","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2025-0114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An undergraduate degree in kinesiology is one of the requirements to become a registered kinesiologist in Ontario, Canada. This study examined the alignment among 31 four-year honours degrees offered at 18 post-secondary institutions across Ontario and competencies associated with the profession of kinesiology. Curricula were analyzed against 14 essential competencies set by the College of Kinesiologists of Ontario and nine additional competencies related to the practice of kinesiology. The type of course (core or elective), presence of a lab, and lab hours per week were recorded. All degrees evaluated covered 79% (11/14) of the essential competencies and 33% (3/9) of the additional competencies. Notably, only five essential competencies and no additional competencies were universally met through core coursework alone; coverage occurred via core courses, electives, or a combination. Lab components were consistently associated with anatomy, biomechanics, exercise physiology, and assessment courses. Hands-on training hours, especially placement/clinical experience, varied significantly among degrees. Overall, these data highlight curricular breadth and variability in kinesiology degrees, and the diversity of elective choices to prepare students for the range of opportunities available to them after graduation. Kinesiology as a profession has a broad scope of practice and kinesiology degrees are not directly aligned with this role.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144823401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The physiological consequences of and recovery following the Australian Special Forces Selection Course.","authors":"Angela C Uphill, Kristina L Kendall, Bradley A Baker, Stuart N Guppy, Hannah M Brown, Michael Vacher, Bradley C Nindl, G Gregory Haff","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0117","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to determine the energy requirements, physiological consequences, and recovery rate from the Australian Special Forces Selection Course. Ninety-three male soldiers (mean ± SD, 28.1 ± 3.6 years, 1.81 ± 0.1 m, 85.1 ± 8.1 kg) volunteered for this study. Body composition via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, hormones and resting metabolic rate were assessed before, immediately after, and at 1, 3, 5, and 8 weeks post-course. Energy expenditure, assessed via doubly-labelled water during the first 10 days of the course significantly exceeded energy intake (expenditure: 7680 ± 1095 kcal^.day^-1, intake: 3859 ± 704 kcal^.day ^{^-1}). Body mass (Δ -6.8 ± 1.9 kg, <i>p <</i> 0.01), fat mass (Δ -4.2 ± 1.0 kg, <i>p <</i> 0.0001) and lean mass (Δ -3.0 ± 1.7 kg, <i>p <</i> 0.0001) were significantly reduced in response to the course and returned to baseline 1-3 weeks post-course. Total testosterone, free testosterone, free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine and insulin like growth factor-1 significantly (<i>p <</i> 0.001) declined following the course, while cortisol and sex hormone binding globulin increased (<i>p <</i> 0.001). All hormones, except insulin like growth factor-1, returned to baseline concentrations within 1-3 weeks post-course. Resting metabolic rate decreased (<i>p <</i> 0.01) in response to the course, and subsequently rebounded above baseline levels at 1 week post-course. The Special Forces Selection Course involved high energy output and a substantial caloric deficit, resulting in body mass loss and significant hormonal disruption that took weeks to recover. These results highlight the energy requirements, physiological consequences, and recovery processes from the Australian Special Forces Selection Course.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142086465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A narrative review of velocity-based training best practice: the importance of contraction intent versus movement speed.","authors":"David G Behm, Andreas Konrad, Masatoshi Nakamura, Shahab Alizadeh, Robyn Culleton, Saman Hadjizadeh Anvar, Liam T Pearson, Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo, Digby G Sale","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0136","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Explosive movements requiring high force and power outputs are integral to many sports, posing distinct challenges for the neuromuscular system. Traditional resistance training can improve muscle strength, power, endurance, and range of motion; however, evidence regarding its effects on athletic performance, such as sprint speed, agility, and jump height, remains conflicting. The specificity of resistance training movements, including velocity, contraction type, and joint angles affects performance outcomes, demonstrates advantages when matching training modalities with targeted sports activities. However, independent of movement speed, the intent to contract explosively (ballistic) has also demonstrated high velocity-specific training adaptations. The purpose of this narrative review was to assess the impact of explosive or ballistic contraction intent on velocity-specific training adaptations. Such movement intent may predominantly elicit motor efferent neural adaptations, including motor unit recruitment and rate coding enhancements. Plyometrics, which utilize rapid stretch-shortening cycle movements, may augment high-speed movement efficiency and muscle activation, possibly leading to improved motor control through adaptations like faster eccentric force absorption, reduced amortization periods, and quicker transitions to explosive concentric contractions. An optimal training paradigm for power and performance enhancement might involve a combination of maximal explosive intent training with heavier loads and plyometric exercises with lighter loads at high velocities. This narrative review synthesizes key literature to answer whether contraction intent or movement speed is more critical for athletic performance enhancement, ultimately advocating for an integrative approach to resistance training tailored for sports-specific explosive action.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142376418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}