Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme最新文献

{"title":"The conversation around malnutrition: a qualitative study of dietitian and patient perspectives.","authors":"Michelle St-Jacques, Nancy Verdin, Jennifer Easaw, Shelly Longmore, Marlis Atkins, Catherine Chan, Chelsia Gillis","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2024-0522","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malnutrition is prevalent among older adults in Canada and it can be mitigated through personalized dietitian-led counselling. This qualitative study aimed to explore how malnutrition is communicated and perceived, providing insight for future care. This multisite qualitative study was conducted in Alberta and Quebec, Canada. Participants were recruited through purposive sampling to target patients ≥65 years old who spoke French or English, had a malnutrition diagnosis, and received counseling for malnutrition from a dietitian. Dietitians who had worked directly with patients ≥65 years old with a diagnosis of malnutrition were recruited through advertisement. Semi-structured interviews were recorded both in person and over the phone. Data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Twenty-five patients and 10 dietitians were interviewed, producing five themes (two dietitian themes and three patient themes). First, <i>diagnosing malnutrition</i>: dietitians highlighted challenges in diagnosing malnutrition due to limited support and resources. Second, <i>using the</i> \"<i>M</i>\" <i>word</i>: dietitians hesitated to use the term \"malnutrition\" with patients. Third: <i>knowing I'm malnourished</i>: patients reported not being informed of their diagnosis. Fourth, <i>what is malnutrition</i>? Patients revealed the word sounds extreme and unrelatable. Reactions to the diagnosis varied: acceptance, shock, detached, and neutral. Finally, <i>stigma and blame</i>: some patients distanced themselves from the stigma by rationalizing their nutrition problems. Gaps in management of malnutrition were identified. Future research should focus on how to communicate the diagnosis to improve outcomes for malnutrition.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":"50 ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144009561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resilience capacity in older women engaged in resistance training: physiological and functional adaptations to training interruption imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic followed by retraining.","authors":"Marcelo A S Carneiro, Paulo Ricardo P Nunes, Jarlisson Francsuel, Felipe Lisboa, Natã Stavinski, Nelson H Carneiro, Cláudio O Assumpção, Marzo Edir Da Silva-Grigoletto, Eduardo L Cadore, Edilson S Cyrino","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2024-0551","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Novelty: </strong>Two years of training interruption imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic impair physiological and functional outcomes in older women engaged in resistance training. Retraining led to resilience capacity only in muscular strength gains.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":"50 ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144025892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"The client's goals are my primary responsibility\": a qualitative study examining clinical and food services dietitians' perceptions of the barriers and facilitators to incorporating environmentally sustainable food systems in healthcare settings.","authors":"Katy Saucis, Jessica Wegener, Liesel Carlsson, Tracy Everitt","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2025-0079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2025-0079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Current industrial food systems are not sustainable; they threaten future generations and cause rapid environmental degradation. Shifts to more sustainable food systems (SFS) and associated dietary practices can help reduce the carbon footprint and promote environmental sustainability. Dietitians working in healthcare settings can impact SFS initiatives. This study explored dietitians' SFS practices and their perceptions of the barriers and facilitators within healthcare settings. This study analyzed secondary data from a survey of dietitians in Canada, the United Kingdom (UK), Australia, and the United States (US). A convenience sample of dietitians was recruited through national dietetic associations, professional networks, social media, listservs and snowball sampling. Responses were isolated for dietitians working in clinical and food service practice areas and analyzed thematically. The socio-ecological framework was used to understand areas where dietitians have influence within healthcare settings. Across four countries, clinical and food services dietitians (n=111) are incorporating SFS into practice in healthcare settings through education, communication, and workplace-related activities. Barriers included operational and organizational factors (competing priorities), external factors (rising food costs), practice area constraints (limited role clarity), and concern for the client-practitioner relationship (CPR). The CPR tension emerged as a particular challenge for clinical dietitians in incorporating SFS into patient counselling. Facilitators included organizational factors (leadership), research and educational resources, personal factors (interest), and practical tools and resources (e.g. national food guides). This study underscores the important work that dietitians are already doing across countries with different yet comparable dietetic professions and health systems. Recognizing that the barriers and facilitators identified in this research will vary between nations, institutions and practitioners, four areas of consideration were suggested, including expanding the client-practitioner relationship to include planetary health; learning from what dietetics and nutrition professionals are doing in other countries; advocating for policy and organizational changes within healthcare, and communicating in the language of decision-makers. This study identified that there may be gaps for some dietitians in understanding client-centredness in the context of planetary health. This exploratory work calls for further research to understand how best to support those with specific health conditions in planetary health. SSHRC Insight Development Grant 2022.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":"50 ","pages":"S1-S90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144042208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of maximal glycolytic rate from ergometer to on-water sprinting in elite canoe polo players.","authors":"Benedikt Meixner, Manuel Matzka, Billy Sperlich","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0450","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Highlights: </strong>Maximal glycolytic rate is not transferable between ergometer and on-water settings in canoe players. Calculated glycolytic contribution is highly correlated to power output on the ergometer. νLa_max is moderately correlated to on-water performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of consuming a sucrose-containing sports drink on acute kidney injury risk during a 4 h simulated occupational heat stress.","authors":"Maxime Jeanovitch Lignier, Hayden W Hess, Jessica A Freemas, Blair D Johnson, David Hostler, Zachary J Schlader","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0261","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Occupational heat stress increases acute kidney injury risk. Drinking a soft drink sweetened with high fructose corn syrup further elevates this acute kidney injury risk. However, the impact of sucrose, another fructose-containing sweetener, on acute kidney injury risk remains unexplored. We tested the hypothesis that drinking a sucrose-containing sports drink increases acute kidney injury risk when compared to drinking a sugar-free sports drink during 4 h of simulated occupational heat stress. Ten healthy adults consumed a sucrose-containing or sugar-free sport drink ad libitum during 4 h exposures to wet bulb globe temperatures of ∼28 °C. Thirty min of work and 30 min of rest were completed each hour. Work involved treadmill walking at a fixed rate of metabolic heat production (sucrose-containing: 6.0 ± 1.2 W/kg, sugar-free: 5.5 ± 0.9 W/kg, <i>p</i> = 0.267). The product of urinary insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2, normalized to urine specific gravity ([IGFBP7·TIMP-2]_USG), provided an acute kidney injury risk index. Mean core (intestinal: <i>n</i> = 13, rectal: <i>n</i> = 7) temperature (sucrose-containing: 37.5 ± 0.1 °C, sugar-free: 37.5 ± 0.3 °C; <i>p</i> = 0.914), peak core temperature (sucrose-containing: 37.8 ± 0.2 °C, sugar-free: 37.9 ± 0.3 °C; <i>p</i> = 0.398), and percent changes in body mass (sucrose-containing: -0.5 ± 0.4%, sugar-free: -0.3 ± 0.6%; <i>p</i> = 0.386) did not differ between groups. [IGFBP7∙TIMP-2]_USG increased in both groups (time effect: <i>p</i> = 0.025) with no drink (<i>p</i> = 0.675) or interaction (<i>p</i> = 0.715) effects. Peak change [IGFBP7∙TIMP-2]_USG did not differ between sucrose-containing (median 0.0116 [-0.0012, 0.1760] (ng/mL)²/1000) and sugar-free (median 0.0021 [0.0003, 0.2077] (ng/mL)²/1000; <i>p</i> = 0.796). Sucrose-containing sports drink consumption during simulated occupational heat stress does not modify acute kidney injury risk when compared to sugar free-sport drink consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142482826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute high-intensity exercise enhances T cell proliferation compared to moderate-intensity exercise.","authors":"Jacob A Siedlik, Jake A Deckert, Amanda J Dunbar, Anuja Bhatta, Nicole M Gigliotti, Marcia A Chan, Stephen H Benedict, Matthew Bubak, John P Vardiman, Philip M Gallagher","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0420","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0420","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Conventional belief is that high-intensity (HI) exercise inhibits immune function; however, recent work challenges this position. The purpose of this was to quantify changes in T cell proliferative capacity following either a HI or moderate-intensity (MI) exercise. Sixteen males were randomly selected to a HI or MI exercise group. Blood was obtained baseline and immediately, 1, 4, and 6 h post-exercise for analyses of CD3⁺ T cell proliferation (co-stimulation via phytohaemagglutinin or CD3 + CD28). The proliferative response increased in T cells in the HI group and remained significantly elevated up to 6 h post-exercise in both co-stimulation conditions. In contrast, the MI group saw no change proliferative ability following exercise. Analyses of serum stress hormones, and immunomodulatory cytokines failed to reveal any correlated variations that could clarify the T cell findings. We suggest the increase in proliferative capacity following HI exercise is indicative of an exercise-induced activation that provides for enhanced functional responses to stimuli. Moreover, this study shows that HI exercise increases T cell processes, effectively priming them for activation in response to stimuli. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06638684).</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiometabolic health, socioeconomic status, and 2019 Canada's Food Guide Food Choices Assessment Score: findings from the Canadian Health Measures Survey.","authors":"Samer Hamamji, Daniel Zaltz, Mary L'Abbé","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0357","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0357","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Suboptimal diets are linked to higher cardiometabolic risks and influenced by socioeconomic status. In 2019, Health Canada released an updated Canda's Food Guide (CFG) supported with Canada's Dietary Guidelines (CDG) to help Canadians achieve healthy diet. This study aims to investigate the association between food choices assessed by a Food Choices Assessment Score (FCAS) according to 2019 CFG/CDG, and socioeconomic status and cardiometabolic risk factors among Canadian adults. Dietary choices of Canadian adults (<i>n</i> = 6352) from the food frequency questionnaire data of the Canadian Health Measures Survey cycles 5 and 6 (2016-2019) were used. Canadian adults with post-secondary education and high household income were associated with higher FCAS (+6.2; 95%CI 4.2, 8.2) and (+2.1; 95%CI 0.3, 3.8), respectively. Compared with the lowest quintile of the FCAS, Canadians in the highest quintile of the FCAS had lower odds of elevated BMI (0.63; 95%CI 0.44, 0.91), elevated WC (0.51; 95%CI 0.27, 0.97) in females but not in males, elevated systolic (0.69; 95%CI 0.48, 0.97), diastolic blood pressure (0.69; 95%CI 0.50, 0.96), TC (0.59; 95%CI 0.39, 0.89), non-HDL-C (0.51; 95%CI 0.31, 0.86), LDL-C (0.60; 95%CI 0.38, 0.95), Apo-B (0.62; 95%CI 0.39, 0.96), HbA1C (0.53; 95%CI 0.31, 0.93), FBG (0.62; 95%CI 0.4, 0.94), HOMA-IR (0.60; 95%CI 0.39, 0.91), and hs-CRP (0.59; 95%CI 0.36, 0.96). HDL-C and TG were not associated with FCAS. These analyses suggest strong associations between dietary choices, aligned with 2019 CFG/CDG as measured by the FCAS, and socioeconomic status and better cardiometabolic health among Canadian adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143652366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Professional development preferences and needs of healthcare providers working with older adults on exercise and nutrition: results of key informant interviews.","authors":"Christine M Mills, Lora Giangregario, Laura Middleton, Andrew D Robertson, Heather H Keller","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0451","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0451","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most older adults want to age in place, and evidence-based health behaviours that support aging in place include healthy diets and physical activity. Healthcare professionals need training in the science and practice of nutrition and physical activity to support their older adult clients to age in place. In this study we investigated knowledge gaps among healthcare professionals and the organizations that employ them regarding exercise and nutrition for older adults. We also aimed to identify their perceptions of effective and ineffective continuing education approaches, how they choose continuing education opportunities, and what formats they prefer when engaging in continuing education. Using key informant interviews and an interpretive description approach, we identified four themes: \"<i>Being pragmatic about professional development</i>\", \"<i>Matching format to need</i>\", \"<i>Negotiating the tension between the convenience of online and the effectiveness of in-person learning</i>\", and \"<i>Focusing on practice is critical</i>\". Participants also identified current gaps in professional development offerings and desires for additional continuing education opportunities on certain topics, such as nutrition and aging, and dealing with multimorbidity. Participants indicated that continuing education offerings should reflect common health conditions that providers encounter in practice and that there should be a balance between online and in-person offerings. Participants also indicated that continuing education should focus on changing or improving practice, to assist healthcare providers in supporting older adults aging in place in their communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144058733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma and fecal bioactive mediators in relation to the prevention of atherogenesis in LDL-r-KO mice: insights from an African staple food.","authors":"Ramandeep Kaur, Rosemary Kobue-Lekalake, Kabo Masisi, Harold M Aukema, Mohammed H Moghadasian","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0328","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Our previous study revealed a significant anti-atherosclerotic effect of Kgengwe seed powder (KSP) in low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDL-r-KO) mice. The importance of various lipid and protein metabolites, including certain amino acids and fatty acids on atherogenesis has been well established. Thus, we used plasma and fecal samples from our previous study to further study the association of such metabolites with atherosclerotic lesion development. Male LDL-r-KO mice were provided with an atherogenic diet supplemented with (treated, <i>n</i> = 10) or without (controls, <i>n</i> = 10) 10% (<i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) KSP for 20 weeks. The treated group showed significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.05) higher plasma levels of many amino acids plus propionic acid, indoleacetic acid, pyruvic acid, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, alpha-ketoglutaric acid, trimethylamine N-oxide, LYSOC16:0, LYSOC18:0, and LYSOC18:2, as compared with those of the control group. Similarly, several oxylipins, including 15-keto prostaglandin E₂, 9,10,13-trihydroxy-octadecenoic acid, 9,10-epoxy-octadecenoic acid, and 12,13-epoxy-octadecenoic acid increased by approximately 2.0 log₂ folds (<i>P</i> < 0.05) in the plasma of the treated group. Other oxylipins, including 15,16-epoxy-octadecadieonic acid, 13-hydroxy-octadecadienoic acid, and prostaglandin E₂ showed also an increased level, but to a lesser extent. Furthermore, our findings showed a significant positive correlation between plasma concentrations of prostaglandin E₂ and IL-10 in the treated mice. We also observed a significant negative association between atherosclerotic lesion size and plasma levels of citrulline, lysine, alpha-ketoglutaric acid, and 15,16 epoxy-octadecadienoic acid. Additional in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to explore the mechanisms of such associations.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tabata training in perspective.","authors":"Izumi Tabata","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0506","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2023-0506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Originally developed as a specific form of exhaustive intermittent training involving 6-8 × 20 s of supramaximal-intensity cycling exercises with 10 s of recovery for athletes, Tabata training has become universally recognized around the world. The purpose of this review article is to provide a perspective on Tabata training and discuss how this popular style of intermittent training has evolved and been applied over the last ∼30 years. The article will review the original motivation behind Tabata training with relevance to concepts such as maximal accumulated oxygen deficit and maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o₂max) and discuss how Tabata training has been adapted to involve sport-specific training and cross training. Studies of Tabata training on physiological responses and adaptations in muscle, blood vessels, bone, and brain across different populations will be reviewed. Finally, research on how Tabata-style training was applied to counteract inactivity during the COVID19 pandemic will be discussed. Evolving from the study of athletes, Tabata training represents an example of how high-intensity intermittent/interval training can be adapted and applied in various settings to enhance performance and health.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142866632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}