Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme最新文献

{"title":"Muscle growth mediates the increases in muscle strength in untrained older women.","authors":"Witalo Kassiano, Natã Stavinski, Bruna Costa, Gabriel Kunevaliki, Felipe Lisboa, Vanessa Santos-Melo, Jarlisson Francsuel, Ricardo J Rodrigues, Alex S Ribeiro, Edilson S Cyrino","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2025-0140","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2025-0140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To investigate the potential role of muscle size changes on changes in strength following regimented resistance training, 175 older women completed 12 weeks of no intervention time-matched control (Ctrl, <i>n</i> = 84) or resistance exercise training (RET, <i>n</i> = 91). One-repetition maximum (1RM) strength of knee extension exercise and muscle thickness of the anterior and lateral thigh (B-mode ultrasound) were assessed pre- and post-12 weeks. The effect of RET on muscle thickness relative to the Ctrl was significant for the anterior (β = 0.32 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.24, 0.41) cm) and lateral thigh (β = 0.23 (95% CI = 0.17, 0.30) cm). The effect of RET on 1RM knee extension relative to Ctrl was significant (β: 7.02 (95% CI, 6.01 to 8.04) kg; <i>P</i> < 0.001). There was evidence of mediation for the anterior thigh model, where 10.6% of the changes in 1RM knee extension were explained by changes in the anterior thigh muscle thickness (average causal mediation effect (ACME) = 0.74 (95% CI = 0.20, 1.35) kg, <i>P</i> = 0.002). Conversely, there was no significant effect of mediation for the lateral thigh model, evident by the ACME (0.45 (95% CI = -0.03, 1.10) kg, <i>P</i> = 0.066). The findings indicate that part of the effect of RET on increases in knee extension strength is mediated by anterior thigh muscle growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147313479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbohydrate mouth rinse increases total repetitions in intermittent upper-body endurance test for combat sports athletes: a randomized crossover trial.","authors":"Luiz Fernando Gomes da Silva Francelino, Luiz Eduardo Gualter Dos Santos, João Paulo Lopes-Silva, Victor José Bastos-Silva","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2025-0434","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2025-0434","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial investigated whether carbohydrate (CHO) mouth rinsing enhances upper-body strength endurance during a sport-specific intermittent test in grappling combat athletes. Fourteen elite male judo and Brazilian jiu-jitsu athletes (age 24.2 ± 3.5 years) performed three bouts of a judogi grip test, separated by 3 min rest intervals, under two conditions: CHO rinse (6.4% maltodextrin) or placebo. Solutions (25 mL) were administered pre-warm-up and before each bout. Primary outcomes included total repetitions and bout-specific performance; secondary measures were rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and maximal handgrip strength. CHO rinsing significantly increased total repetitions by 12.3% (17.35 ± 9.85 vs. 15.21 ± 8.53; <i>p</i> = 0.03, with no condition × bout interaction (<i>p</i> = 0.75), indicating uniform improvement across bouts. RPE increased progressively throughout exercise (<i>p</i> < 0.01) but did not differ between conditions (<i>p</i> = 0.14), and handgrip strength remained unchanged (<i>p</i> = 0.52). Repeated CHO mouth rinsing significantly improves intermittent upper-body endurance performance in grappling athletes without altering RPE. These findings support the use of CHO rinsing as a practical, non-caloric ergogenic aid for sustaining sport-specific performance during repeated high-intensity efforts. Trial registration: RBR-52bbrn8.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":"51 ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147596829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body composition method for assessing fat-free mass influences energy availability estimation in elite and pre-elite athletes.","authors":"Marcos Rueda-Córdoba, Juan J Martin-Olmedo, Sergio Espinar, Jonatan R Ruiz, Lucas Jurado-Fasoli","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2025-0469","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2025-0469","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Energy availability (EA) is a critical factor in athletic performance and overall well-being, influencing athletes' physiological functions, training adaptations, and recovery. This study examined the impact of different body composition assessment methods (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and anthropometry) for assessing fat-free mass (FFM) on calculating and classifying EA in elite and pre-elite athletes. A total of 75 elite and pre-elite athletes (27 women; 24.9 ± 5.9 years) were included in this study. EA was computed using each method's FFM estimate, and comparisons were conducted to evaluate differences in EA values, intermethod agreement, and shifts in EA categorization. The results revealed significant variations in EA depending on the FFM method employed (<i>p</i> < 0.001), with anthropometry yielding higher EA estimates than both BIA and DXA. Although strong correlations and high consistency were observed between methods (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.982), discrepancies in classification were evident, particularly for individuals with EA values near clinical thresholds (i.e., 30 kcal/day/kg FFM or 45 kcal/day/kg FFM). BIA tended to overclassify low EA compared to DXA, while anthropometry more often identified individuals as having adequate EA. These findings highlight that choosing the FFM assessment method substantially influences EA estimation and its interpretation. Caution is advised when using BIA or anthropometry in applied settings, and the development of method-specific thresholds may enhance the accuracy and reliability of EA monitoring in athletic populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147847375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing enjoyment of high-intensity interval training in association with exercise exertion among inactive women with cardiometabolic risk factors: a randomized crossover study.","authors":"Alfred Min, Barbara de Barros Gonze, Rebecca A G Christensen, Stephanie D Small, Jennifer S Williams, Jenna B Gillen, Amy A Kirkham","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2026-0058","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2026-0058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enjoyment across treadmill-based high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is unclear in women with cardiometabolic risk factors. Nineteen inactive women (53 ± 13 years; 29.1 ± 7.1 kg/m²) performed three HIIT protocols in randomized order: 4 × 4 min (80% volume of oxygen consumption reserve (VO₂R)), 10 × 1 min (90% VO₂R), and 8 × 15 s (110% VO₂R). Heart rate, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and exercise enjoyment (short-form physical activity enjoyment scale ∼5 min post-exercise) were assessed. The 4 × 4 min protocol elicited higher heart rate and RPE and lower enjoyment than other protocols (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Enjoyment did not differ between 10 × 1 min and 8 × 15 s (<i>p</i> > 0.05), although 10 × 1 min elicited greater exertion (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The 10 × 1 min protocol may balance enjoyment and exertion. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05758857.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148687052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining public support for food marketing policy among adults in Canada.","authors":"Laura Vergeer, Meghan Pritchard, Lana Vanderlee, Christine M White, David Hammond, Monique Potvin Kent","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2026-0127","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2026-0127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Public support influences policy adoption and implementation. This study aimed to examine public opinion towards government restrictions on unhealthy food marketing to children among adults in Canada. A cross-sectional online survey was completed by 3688 Canadian adults in 2024. Parents/guardians of children < 18 years (<i>n</i> = 938) were asked how concerned they are about children's exposure to unhealthy food marketing, and public opinion towards restrictions on unhealthy food marketing in several media/settings was examined. Multinomial logistic regression models examined sociodemographic differences in policy support. Most parents/guardians (83.6%) reported some level of concern about their child(ren)'s exposure to unhealthy food marketing. Among the total sample (<i>n</i> = 3688), 56.6% of participants reported supporting a ban on unhealthy food marketing to children, and many reported supporting bans on unhealthy food marketing online (45.1%), on TV before 9 pm (47.8%), in outdoor settings (44.7%), and via child-appealing product packaging (52.4%). Participants aged ≥ 60 years (AOR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.06, 2.26) and those with high perceived income adequacy (AOR: 2.07; 95% CI: 1.40, 3.06) had greater odds of being supportive of a ban on advertising unhealthy foods to children. For bans on unhealthy food marketing in specific media/settings, participants who were female, older, identifying as the ethnic majority, highly educated, and Quebec residents often had higher odds of supporting restrictions on unhealthy food marketing to children, with differences between media/settings. Approximately half of Canadian adults support government restrictions on unhealthy food marketing, with some differences between sociodemographic groups and media/settings. Findings suggest minimal public opposition to marketing restrictions.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148038629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between changes in parents' and children's adherence with the 24 h movement behaviour guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic: a national longitudinal study.","authors":"Farzana Sadia, Andrew Frank-Wilson, Nimesh B Patel, Mathieu Bélanger, Mariana Brussoni, Guy Faulkner, Katie E Gunnell, Mark S Tremblay, Richard Larouche","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2025-0213","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2025-0213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many cross-sectional studies have examined associations between parents' and children's movement behaviours, focusing on single behaviours, despite these behaviours being interdependent. This longitudinal study examined associations between parents' and children's adherence to the Canadian 24 h movement guidelines. An online national survey was conducted with parents of 7-12-year-olds (<i>N</i> = 2257; 51.6% boys) in December 2020, and every 6 months until June 2022 (four waves). Multinomial regression models embedded in generalized estimating equations were used to model associations between changes in parents' adherence to the guidelines, perceived behavioural control (PBC) to support their child's movement behaviours, and changes in children's adherence to the guidelines at each wave. The final model was adjusted for age, child and parent gender, household income, immigration status, and study wave. Across all waves, over two-thirds of parents and children did not meet the guidelines. Accordingly, maintaining nonadherence was used as the reference group. Children whose parents maintained adherence were more likely to maintain adherence (odds ratio (OR) = 3.25, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.80-5.85) and to change from adherence to nonadherence (OR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.32-3.71). Children whose parents shifted from nonadherence to adherence were more likely to maintain adherence (OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.15-2.88), shift from adherence to nonadherence (OR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.25-2.92), and from nonadherence to adherence (OR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.41-2.96). Each unit increase in parental PBC was associated with higher odds of children maintaining adherence (OR = 3.80, 95% CI: 2.27-6.36). These findings support the importance of parental role-modelling and PBC to support their child's movement behaviours, suggesting a need for family-based interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147461316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of predicted and measured resting metabolic rate among African-American men and women.","authors":"Jennifer Hicks, Chiranjeev Dash, Jialing Zhu, Danyel I Smith, Lucile Adams-Campbell","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2025-0179","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2025-0179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Indirect calorimetry has been established as the gold standard to measure resting metabolic rate (RMR); however, its clinical use is limited and can be very expensive. Therefore, the use of predictive equations are commonly used as an alternative. The objective of the current study was to compare RMR calculated using predictive models versus measured RMR using indirect calorimetry among African-Americans. African-American men and women, aged 21-70 years participated in the study. Participants were required to attend two study visits for the collection of self-reported and objective measurements of physical activity. Objective measures of physical activity were measured by accelerometer and self-reported physical activity was obtained using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Long Form (IPAQ-LF). Objective measures of weight were measured using an automatic scale and height by stadiometer. Harris-Benedict, Nelson, Cunningham, Mifflin-St. Jeor, Owen and WHO/FAO/UNU models were used to measure RMR. All statistical analyses were conducted using R (version 4.3.3). The agreement between measured RMR and predicted RMR from the commonly used equations was assessed using the Bland-Altman method. The study comprised 64 African-American women (<i>n</i> = 43, 67.2%) and men (<i>n</i> = 19, 29.7%), with a mean age of 55.6 years. The WHO/FAO/UNU weight-and-height (bias = 20.5 kcal/day; 95% CI: -92.8 to 133.7; <i>p</i> = 0.719) and WHO/FAO/UNU weight-only equations (bias = 22.7 kcal/day; 95% CI: -90.2 to 135.7; <i>p</i> = 0.688) demonstrated the smallest, non-significant. The WHO/FAO/UNU model was more reliable than other models for predicting RMR among African-Americans.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145524806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Near-infrared spectroscopy assessment of post-occlusive reactive hyperemia and muscle metabolic responses to sustained isometric exercise across varying anchor scheme and occlusion conditions.","authors":"Minyoung Kwak, Brian Benitez, Clara J Mitchinson, Erik R Snell, Haley C Bergstrom","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2025-0333","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2025-0333","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) and muscle metabolic responses via near-infrared spectroscopy-vascular occlusion tests (NIRS-VOT) under four experimental conditions: (1) rating of perceived exertion (RPE)-Clamp, (2) blood flow restriction (BFR), (3) NON-BFR, each involving low-intensity, sustained isometric forearm flexion, and (4) PASSIVE BFR, a passive occlusion without exercise. Eighteen healthy young adults (11 males, 7 females) completed a sequence of pre-VOT, an experimental intervention, and post-VOT on separate days. During each intervention, time to task failure (TTF), percent changes in muscle oxygenation (SmO₂), and performance fatigability (PF) were also assessed. RPE-Clamp exhibited a significant, positive change in SmO₂ compared to negative changes in other conditions (<i>p</i> < 0.003). PF did not differ between NON-BFR and BFR (<i>p</i> = 1.000), but both were greater than RPE-Clamp and PASSIVE BFR, with RPE-Clamp greater than PASSIVE BFR (<i>p</i> = 0.022). No differences were observed in TTF across conditions (<i>p</i> = 0.455). Desaturation rate (oxygen extraction rate; slope 1) (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and ischemic stimulus (MinSmO₂) (<i>p</i> = 0.001) were greater pre- than post-VOT. Reperfusion slope (slope 2) showed no significant differences by time (<i>p</i> = 0.119) or condition (<i>p</i> = 0.448). Peak SmO₂ (MaxSmO₂) was higher pre- than post-VOT (<i>p</i> = 0.017), with NON-BFR (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and BFR (<i>p</i> = 0.005) greater than PASSIVE BFR. Area under the curve (AUC) above baseline SmO₂ did not differ by time (<i>p</i> = 0.695) but was greater in NON-BFR than PASSIVE BFR (<i>p</i> = 0.010). Despite the distinct SmO₂ responses and fatigue profiles across conditions, immediate post-intervention occlusion following prolonged isometric exercise or occlusion may have reduced oxygen extraction capacity and facilitated metaboreflex-induced sympathetic overactivity, collectively attenuating PORH.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146000043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-pressure blood flow restriction acutely reduces maximal torque and power.","authors":"Robert W Sallberg, Yujiro Yamada, William B Hammert, Ryo Kataoka, Emily E Metcalf, Anna Kang, Jeremy P Loenneke","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2025-0298","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2025-0298","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent work has shown that blood flow restriction (BFR) during high-load resistance exercise may be able to acutely augment maximal strength and power, an effect that some hypothesize to be due to a rebound effect from a cuff inflated to a high pressure. However, less known is the role of high pressure independent of any such rebound effect. The objective of this study was to determine whether high-pressure BFR acutely influences strength and power during a concentric-only muscle action. Twenty-five resistance-trained individuals (14 males and 11 females) enrolled in a replicate cross-over trial, in which three paired cycles were completed (i.e., six experimental visits). Each paired cycle involved two visits that were completed in a random order and consisted of maximal strength and power testing (i.e., three maximal concentric knee extension repetitions for both) at either 150% of resting arterial occlusion pressure (150% AOP) or 2 mmHg (sham). Both peak torque (-17 (95% confidence interval (CI): -22.0, -12.7) Nm) and power (-33.9 (95% CI: -46.7, -21.2) W) decreased during the high-pressure BFR condition compared to the sham. Our results suggest that the previous acute strength and power benefits observed with high-load contractions likely are not explained by an independent pressure effect. No acute improvements in strength or power were observed in this investigation. The reason for the reduction in performance in the current study is not known, but we speculate that it may be related to the discomfort associated with contracting under high pressure.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145678719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D supplementation and cardiovascular disease events: a systematic review and pooled meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.","authors":"Taima Qudah, Nosayba Al-Damook, Khawla Abu Hait, Suhad Abumweis","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2025-0158","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2025-0158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several randomized clinical trials have been undertaken to evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) or CVD mortality; however, mixed results have been reported. The objective of this analysis is to quantify the effect of vitamin D supplements on CVD events and CVD mortality in adults. PubMed, the Cochrane Library and ClinicalTrial.gov were searched for randomized placebo-control trials on adults using common keywords related to vitamin D and CVDs. Two reviewers independently extracted data. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool. Data analysis was done using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis V2 (Biostat, Englewood, NJ, USA) to calculate risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI). The systematic review and meta-analysis have been registered at PROSPERO (CRD42020165293). One thousand two hundred twenty four abstracts were retrieved, of which 9 (compromising 114 379 participants) were used. This analysis reveals that compared with placebo, vitamin D did not reduce any CVD events (RR = 0.95, 95%CI: 0.88-1.04), CVD mortality (RR = 1.04, 95%CI: 0.871-1.242), myocardial infarction event (RR = 0.96, 95%CI: 0.83-1.11), or myocardial infarction mortality (RR = 1.527, 95%CI: 0.828-2.816). Current evidence does not support the use of vitamin D for the prevention of major cardiovascular events. PROSPERO Registration Number: (CRD42020165293).</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145440133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}