Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme最新文献

{"title":"ZAG promotes exercise performance during endurance exercise by lipid utilization in skeletal muscle.","authors":"Yanfei Li, Huangbin Sun, Xiaofang He, Xiaoyi Suo, Guoqiang Fan, Xiaojing Yang","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2025-0137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2025-0137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endurance exercise significantly enhances energy expenditure with lipids serving as a crucial energy source for skeletal muscle during exercise. The adipocytokine Zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG) in endurance exercise remains largely uncertain. This study utilized ZAG knockout and overexpression mice to investigate ZAG's role in regulating lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle during endurance exercise. Results showed the serum ZAG level of mice was significantly increased after exercised, and ZAG knockout mice decreased the exercise performance. Subsequent research revealed that ZAG knockout notably elevated triglyceride (TG) level in skeletal muscle, reduced the expression of lipolysis-related factors such as adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1b (CPT1b) and acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 1 (ACSL1), while enhancing the expression of lipid synthesis factor fatty acid synthase (FASN) during exercise. The expressions of mitochondrial energy metabolism related factors uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COX1) were reduced in ZAG knockout mice during endurance exercise. To assess ZAG's impact on lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle, we used ZAG overexpression plasmid in mice and C2C12 cells. ZAG overexpression decreased TG levels, enhanced ATGL expression, and increased CPT1b expression. In conclusion, ZAG can improve the level of skeletal muscle lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function during exercise, and improve the endurance exercise performance of mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144982273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Intake, Body Composition, and Muscle Function in Resistance-Untrained Strict Vegetarian and Non-Vegetarian Women: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Márcio Beck Schemes, Gabriela Lucciana Martini, Carolina Guerini de Souza, Ronei Silveira Pinto, Claudias Schneider","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2025-0099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2025-0099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Strict vegetarian and non-vegetarian diets may differ in quantity and quality of nutrient intake. This study aimed to compare dietary intake, lean mass, bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), and muscle function between resistance-untrained strict vegetarians (SV) and non-vegetarians (NV) women. Seventy-one untrained women participated in this study, including 35 SV (28.2 ± 4.8 years) and 36 NV (29.6 ± 5.8 years). The SV group had adhered to their dietary pattern for 3.1 ± 2.1 years. Dietary intake was assessed using a three-day food record, while total and regional lean mass, BMC, and BMD were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Muscle function was evaluated through knee extension peak torque (KEPT), knee flexion peak torque (KFPT) using an isokinetic dynamometer, and countermovement vertical jump (CMJ). No significant difference in total energy intake (p=0.546) was observed between groups. However, SV participants had a higher carbohydrate intake (p=0.001) and lower intakes of protein (p<0.001), fat (p<0.001), and calcium (p=0.049). Calcium intake was below the recommended level for both groups (SV: 345.2 mg, NV: 421.9 mg; p<0.001). Additionally, no significant differences (p>0.05) were found between SV and NV in total or regional lean mass, BMC, BMD, KEPT, KFPT, and CMJ. Although SV consumed less protein, while still meeting minimum recommendations, total energy intake was similar between groups due to increased carbohydrate intake, supporting similar adaptations in lean mass, bone mineral content, bone mineral density, and muscle function. However, the observed calcium inadequacy highlights the need for nutritional counseling, particularly for strict vegetarians.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144982344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How are exercise professionals described within academic literature? A narrative review.","authors":"Madeline E Shivgulam, Abigail R Tiemstra, Brooke J Hebert, Jonathon R Fowles, Myles W O'Brien, Taniya S Nagpal","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0416","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0416","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is growing interest to include exercise into healthcare for the prevention, treatment, and management of chronic disease. However, what defines an \"exercise professional\" to fulfil these roles and responsibilities is not clear across Canada. While exercise science often integrates exercise professionals within academic studies to assist exercise-based research, exploring how exercise professionals are involved in these contexts may contribute to developing a clearer understanding of how these professionals may be characterized. The purpose of this narrative review was to summarize how exercise professionals are described in research and identify the components that inform their unique roles. A keyword search of \"exercise professional\" was performed in multiple databases, including Medline, SportDiscus, and Web of Science to identify peer-reviewed studies that included \"exercise professionals\". Fifteen studies were included, and two independent reviewers performed a reflexive thematic analysis to derive three themes that represent how exercise professionals were described: (1) job title; (2) roles/duties (e.g., fitness testing, motivational interviewing), and (3) education/qualifications/credentials. Common occupations involved in research included exercise physiologists, kinesiologists, and personal trainers. Exercise professionals were responsible for interacting with clinical and non-clinical populations in a variety of contexts. Similarly, qualifications varied, with some studies specifying further training to work with special populations (e.g., patients who have cancer). By identifying these discrepancies, this study highlights the need to develop consistent definitions and roles to promote recognition and integration of exercise professionals in both clinical and community settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":"50 ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143392716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A content-analysis of job advertisements for exercise professionals in Canada: a need for clarification of qualifications.","authors":"Myles W O'Brien, Madeline E Shivgulam, Jocelyn Waghorn, Molly K Courish, Jonathon R Fowles, Taniya S Nagpal","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0184","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the general population seeking out exercise professionals and the strong interest of other healthcare providers in referring patients to exercise professionals, what characterizes an \"exercise professional\" is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to summarize the required qualifications and certifications described in job advertisements hiring an \"Exercise Professional\" in Canada. A common career finding website (Indeed) and other relevant organizations were searched for job advertisements. The specific search terms were \"Kinesiology\", \"Kinesiologist\", \"Exercise Professional\", and \"Exercise Physiologist\". Job advertisements that were hiring an exercise professional and described some exercise related duties were included for content analysis. <i>n</i> = 177/1364 unique job advertisements met inclusion criteria. Job titles were grouped into six main categories: Kinesiologist (<i>n</i> = 88/177), Personal Trainer (<i>n</i> = 49/177), Fitness Coach/Instructor (<i>n</i> = 38/177), Strength and Conditioning Specialist (<i>n</i> = 5/177), Exercise Physiologist (<i>n</i> = 4/177), and other (<i>n</i> = 31/177). Most positions required (<i>n</i> = 101) or preferred (<i>n</i> = 36) a Kinesiology degree, while <i>n</i> = 48/92 (88 Kinesiology and 4 Exercise Physiologist positions) indicated a need/interest in applicants having a membership with a provincial Kinesiology association/affiliation, <i>n</i> = 8/92 a Clinical Exercise Physiologist certification, and <i>n</i> = 6/92 a general \"Kinesiology certification\". This emphasizes the need for unique requirements of exercise professional positions and guidelines for the (di)similar scope of practice across exercise professional training.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat strain in different hot environments hiking in wildland firefighting garments.","authors":"Nathan E Bartman, Hayden W Hess, Deanna Colburn, Jennifer Temple, David Hostler","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0240","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wildland firefighters can work at high intensity in hot environments for extended periods of time. The resulting heat strain may be modified by the environmental conditions (i.e., ambient temperature and humidity [RH]) even at equal wet-bulb globe temperatures (WBGTs). This investigation assessed if a hot and dry condition would create greater strain than moderate and high humidity at equivalent WBGT (28 °C). Twelve participants (age 24 ± 2 year) walked at 40%-50% maximum aerobic capacity for 90 and 40 min separated by a 20 min rest in dry (40 °C, 20% RH), moderate-humidity (34 °C, 50% RH), and high-humidity (29 °C, 90% RH) conditions wearing fire-resistant jacket, pants, gloves, and helmet with the neck and face exposed. Peak core temperature was higher in moderate-humidity (38.9 ± 0.2 °C, <i>p</i> = 0.01) and high-humidity (38.9 ± 0.6 °C, <i>p</i> < 0.01) than dry condition (38.5 ± 0.3 °C). Average net heat gain was less in dry (33 ± 22 W) compared to moderate-humidity (38 ± 23 W, <i>p</i> < 0.01) and high-humidity (39 ± 28 W, <i>p</i> < 0.01). Peak heart rate (174 ± 14 bpm, <i>p</i> = 0.94), physiological strain index (7.7 ± 1.4 score, <i>p</i> = 0.99), perceived exertion (8 ± 2 rating, <i>p</i> = 0.97), and perceptual strain index (7.3 ± 1.6 score, <i>p</i> = 0.99) were not different in high-humidity compared to the dry condition (167 ± 19 bpm, 6.9 ± 1.3 score, 6 ± 2 rating, 7.3 ± 1.7 score, respectively). Whole-body sweat rate (15 ± 6 mL/min, <i>p</i> = 0.58) and thermal sensation (7 ± 1 rating, <i>p</i> = 0.37) were not different. Hiking in a humid condition while wearing protective garments creates greater exertional heat strain compared to a dry condition of equivalent WBGT. Wildland firefighters should consider extra strategies to mitigate hyperthermia when humidity is high.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142559706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor response to daylong exposure to extreme heat in young and older adults: a secondary analysis.","authors":"Nathalie V Kirby, Robert D Meade, James J McCormick, Kelli E King, Glen P Kenny","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0289","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0289","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a growth factor associated with a range of neurological, cardioprotective, and metabolic health benefits. While passive heat stress has been observed to increase circulating BDNF, the BDNF response to a given stressor may be attenuated with increasing age. To investigate the influence of age on the BDNF response to heat stress, we compared BDNF responses to daylong (9 h) exposure to hot ambient conditions (40 °C, 9% relative humidity) between 19 young (range: 19-31 years; 9 women) and 37 older adults (61-78 years; 12 women). We also explored whether cumulative thermal strain (area under the curve of rectal and mean body temperatures) impacted comparisons. Serum BDNF concentrations were assessed at pre- and end-exposure using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Circulating BDNF concentrations increased from baseline in both groups (<i>P <</i> 0.001), but end-exposure concentrations were 2594 [1555-3633] pg/mL lower in older than young adults (<i>P <</i> 0.001). This age-related difference persisted, albeit to a lesser magnitude, after accounting for the lower pre-exposure BDNF levels in older adults (baseline-adjusted between-group difference: 1648 [667-2630] pg/mL; <i>P <</i> 0.001). Additionally, the BDNF response was not related to indices of thermal strain (<i>P</i> ≥ 0.562), and baseline-adjusted between-group differences were not appreciably altered by adjusting for area under the curve of rectal (1769 [714-2825] pg/mL; <i>P =</i> 0.002) or mean body temperatures (1745 [727-2763] pg/mL; <i>P =</i> 0.001). Our study is the first to demonstrate an age-related reduction in the BDNF response to prolonged passive heat exposure, which informs our wider understanding of how environmental stressors influence BDNF responses in older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143461042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The type of sport, but not sex, impacts body composition and metabolic response to a complete weight loss-weight regain episode in weight cycling athletes: results from the WAVE study.","authors":"Sarah Bagot, Ines Ramos, Jennifer Miles-Chan, Abdul Dulloo, Anthony C Hackney, Yves Boirie, Martine Duclos, David Thivel, Laurie Isacco","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0376","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0376","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Athletes may engage in weight cycling-successive episodes of weight loss and weight (re)gain-for performance reasons, but risk metabolic adaptations and regaining more fat that was lost (fat overshoot). This study aimed to assess the influence of a complete weight cycling episode on body composition, thermoregulation, and metabolism in athletes, considering sex and the type of sport practiced. Forty-eight athletes (28 males, 20 females) engaged in combat (<i>n</i> = 23), strength <i>(n</i> = 12), or endurance (<i>n</i> = 13) sports were examined under three experimental conditions (weight maintenance, weight loss, weight (re)gain) during a weight cycling episode using their habitual strategies. Body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), core body temperature (telemetric temperature sensor), energy expenditure and substrate oxidation at rest and during moderate exercise (indirect calorimetry), and energy intake (48 h food record) were assessed. Overall, athletes lost 4.4 ± 2.3% body weight, 12.2 ± 10.6% fat mass, and 2.6 ± 2.3% fat-free mass (<i>p</i> < 0.001). All variables returned to baseline values during the regain period, and a higher fat mass regain was observed in endurance than combat athletes (<i>p</i> < 0.01). During weight loss, a transient increase in lipid and decrease in carbohydrate oxidation occurred at rest and during exercise (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Energy expenditure and core body temperature remained unchanged across the three experimental conditions, and no specific sex effect was observed. Overall, no apparent body weight nor fat overshoot was observed in athletes after a complete weight cycling episode. Nonetheless, the greater fat mass gain in endurance, compared with combat athletes, highlights a need for further specific long-term studies in this population. <b>Clinical Trial registration:</b> NCT04107545.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143371361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peak V̇O₂ during handcycling in spinal cord injured athletes: incremental versus verification testing.","authors":"Caio de Araújo Rosa, Diego Antunes, Thiago Pereira Ventura, Gabriela Fischer, Gary Brickley, Ricardo Dantas de Lucas, Tiago Turnes","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0193","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study aimed to compare peak oxygen uptake (V̇O₂peak), peak heart rate (HRpeak), and peak O₂pulse during an incremental and a verification test performed on the same day in hand-cyclists with spinal cord injury (SCI). Eight competitive SCI hand-cyclists (age: 23 ± 2.7 years; V̇O₂peak: 36.3 ± 14.0 mL.kg^-1.min^-1) performed a maximal incremental handcycling test and a verification test to exhaustion at 100% of the peak speed on an oversized treadmill. The V̇O₂peak, HRpeak, and peak O₂pulse (i.e., VO₂/HR) were compared between incremental and verification tests. Absolute and relative V̇O₂peak obtained in the verification test (2.51 ± 0.96 L.min^-1; 36.3 ± 14.0 mL.kg.min^-1) were significantly higher than values obtained in the incremental test (2.24 ± 0.79 L.min^-1; 33.5 ± 12.9 mL.kg.min^-1; <i>P</i> < 0.05). The mean differences (95% CL) of absolute and relative V̇O₂peak between tests were 8.2% (3.3%-13.2%) and 10.9% (4.3%-18.1%), respectively. There was no difference in HR peak (incremental: 169 ± 24 bpm; verification 167 ± 25 bpm; <i>P</i> = 0.130). Peak O₂pulse from the verification test (14.6 ± 4.7 mL.beat^-1) was higher than incremental test (13.0 ± 3.8 mL.beat^-1; <i>P</i> = 0.007). In conclusion, the verification test elicited greater V̇O₂peak and O₂pulse than a two-phase incremental test despite the similar HRpeak. This indicates that for this progressive protocol lasting ≥25 min, the verification phase adds value to determining V̇O₂peak in SCI athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142751927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-related differences in motor unit firing rate and pennation angle.","authors":"Michael J Marsala, Alicia M Kells, Anita D Christie","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0202","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Motor unit firing rate (MUFR) and pennation angle were measured concurrently in males and females from submaximal to maximal intensities. Thirty participants, (16 female, 14 male) performed isometric dorsiflexion contractions at 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). During each contraction, measures of MUFR were obtained via surface electromyography decomposition, and muscle fiber pennation angle and fascicle length were obtained via ultrasound. There was no significant interaction effect of sex and contraction intensity present for mean MUFR (<i>p</i> = 0.24), pennation angle (<i>p</i> = 0.98), or fascicle length (<i>p</i> = 0.81). Males had greater mean MUFR (<i>p</i> < 0.001), pennation angle (<i>p</i> = 0.02), and fascicle length (<i>p</i> = 0.03) compared to females. In general, mean MUFR (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and pennation angle (<i>p</i> < 0.02) increased with increasing contraction intensity; however, fascicle length (<i>p</i> = 0.30) was similar across contraction intensities. There were no significant relationships between mean MUFR and pennation angle for males (<i>r</i> = 0.18, <i>p</i> = 0.13) or females (<i>r</i> = 0.20, <i>p</i> = 0.09), nor between mean MUFR and fascicle length for males (<i>r</i> = 0.20, <i>p</i> = 0.10) or females (<i>r</i> = 0.21, <i>p</i> = 0.07). Although sex-related differences in MUFR, pennation angle, and fascicle length were present, there were no relationships between MUFR and the muscle properties. These results suggest that sex-related differences in mean MUFR may not be associated with the sex-related differences in the muscle architectural properties currently investigated.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142960224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute effects of a reformulated plant-based meat alternative compared to beef within a high-fat meal on inflammatory and metabolic factors: a randomized crossover trial.","authors":"Sarah E Fruit, Natalie G Keirns, Morgan E Higgins, Alexis R Quirk, Jenna K Schifferer, Olivia R Romanovich, Amy C Yakos, Karrie Osborne, Scott W Trappe, Bryant H Keirns","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0498","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0498","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant-based meat alternative (PBMA) consumption has increased amid significant reformulation efforts. Although reformulated PBMAs have characteristics that could provide cardiometabolic benefits over animal proteins (e.g., higher fiber, certain phytochemicals/micronutrients), their acute health effects remain unclear. Moreover, whether baseline adiposity (i.e., normal weight or overweight/obesity) affects the response to PBMA intake is unknown. We conducted a randomized crossover study where healthy participants (N = 30) with a normal body mass index (BMI; 18.5-24.9 kg/m²; <i>n</i> = 15) or overweight/obese BMI (>25.0 kg/m²; <i>n</i> = 15) consumed two high-fat meals on separate occasions containing a reformulated PBMA (Beyond Meat Cookout Classic^TM) or similar beef product (80% lean ground beef). Meals were matched for energy (950 kcal) and macronutrient matched (71 g fat/31-35 g carbohydrate/41-42 g protein). At each trial, an intravenous catheter was inserted and biomarkers of inflammation (i.e., interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α), intestinal permeability (i.e., lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), soluble CD14 (sCD14), LBP:sCD14 ratio), and metabolic factors (triglycerides, HDL-C, glucose) were measured at baseline and hourly for 4 hours post-meal. Paired <i>t</i> tests and two-way mixed model ANOVAs were used to examine within-meal-condition changes and differences in incremental area under the curve (iAUC) across meal and BMI conditions, respectively. Regardless of protein source, high-fat meals increased IL-6, TNF-α, LBP, sCD14, LBP:sCD14, and triglycerides and decreased HDL-C (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.01). In BMI subgroup analyses, an interaction effect for IL-6 iAUC was observed (<i>p</i>_MealxBMI< 0.05), but post hoc analyses were not significant (<i>p</i> ≥ 0.07). Overall, inclusion of a reformulated PBMA within a high-fat meal resulted in a similar cardiometabolic response to a nearly identical meal containing animal protein (ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT06445296).</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143702472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}