Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme最新文献

{"title":"The Association of SLC16A1 (MCT1) Gene Polymorphism with Body Composition Changes during Weight Loss Interventions: A Randomized Trial with Sex-Dependent Analysis.","authors":"Rocío Cupeiro, Pedro J Benito, Teresa Amigo, Domingo González-Lamuño","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2024-0246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monocarboxylates, transported by monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), have been proposed to influence energy homeostasis and exhibit altered metabolism during exercise. This study investigated the association between the Asp490Glu (T1470A) (rs1049434) polymorphism of the SLC16A1 (MCT1) gene and changes in body composition in males and females with overweight or obesity. The 173 participants (56.6% females) completed a 6-month randomized controlled trial, being assigned to the Supervised exercise group (strength, endurance, or strength plus endurance training) or the Physical Activity (PA) Recommendations group. Participants were genotypically categorized as Asp/Asp (TT), Asp/Glu (TA), or Glu/Glu (AA). ANCOVA analysis showed main effects for genotype and interaction genotype x group (p<0.05) for several variables, especially in females. Asp/Asp (TT) females showed greater reductions in total fat mass (-29.30±8.75% change), percentage of body fat (-17.50±8.06% change), and body weight (-13.90±2.62% change) compared with Glu/Glu (AA) (p≤0.020; d≥0.18) and Asp/Glu (TA) (p≤0.050; d≥0.16) females, but only within the PA Recommendations group. Data indicated higher decreases in lean body mass of the Asp/Asp (TT) compared to Glu/Glu (AA) in females (p=0.067, η2p=0.067) and to Asp/Glu (TA) in males (p=0.026; η2p=0.101). Our investigation suggests an association of the SNP with body composition changes especially in females following exercise recommendations, highlighting the importance of supervised training to offset genetic predisposition for different weight loss. Differences in males only appeared for lean body mass, suggesting sex differences for this genetic association. The study underscores the potential influence of MCT1 functionality on human adaptations to weight loss interventions. ClinicalTrials.gov registration number, NCT01116856.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142960227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Canadian Dietitians' Knowledge Attitude and Practices Providing Culturally Safe Care to Muslims who fast During the Month of Ramadan: A Cross-sectional Study.","authors":"Katherine Aw Hillier, Hassan Vatanparast, Ginny Lane","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2024-0392","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fasting during Ramadan involves abstaining from food and drink from dawn to dusk for 29 to 30 days, annually. Dietitians, experts in food and nutrition, play a vital role in fostering the well-being of Canadians. Given that 1 in 20 Canadians are Muslim, access to culturally safe care is essential for their health. The consumption of adequate nutrients during the non-fasting hours is important for Muslims well-being. It is unknown whether dietitians in Canada feel comfortable and knowledgeable providing safe care during Ramadan. An online survey, was developed using the World Health Organization's Knowledge Attitude and Practice Protocol, and then reviewed for content validity by 6 dietitians. From March 5, 2023 to April 1, 2023, 159 Canadian dietitians, from a variety of practice areas including acute care, community health, and private practice, completed the online survey. Descriptive statistics, cross tabulations, and chi-square tests, enhanced by post hoc analyses with Bonferroni correction, were employed to determine any relationship between categorical variables and identify significant associations or differences. While most participants demonstrated an adequate understanding of Ramadan fasting practices, including its duration and restrictions, 91% reported not receiving information on how to provide culturally safe care during their university degree. Many dietitians expressed discomfort providing care (43.7%, 69/158) and lacked adequate resources (51.3%, 81/158). Among the 37% of dietitians who did offer care to Muslims (58/157), the majority felt comfortable (72.1%, 44/58). This study reveals a gap in capacity to provide culturally safe care, highlighting the need for training interventions for nutrition professionals, and curriculum for dietetics programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142960211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-Related Differences in Motor Unit Firing Rate and Pennation Angle.","authors":"Michael J Marsala, Alicia M Kells, Anita Christie","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2024-0202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Motor unit firing rate (MUFR) and pennation angle were measured concurrently in males and females from submaximal to maximal intensities. Thirty participants, (16F and 14M) performed isometric dorsiflexion contractions at 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). During each contraction, measures of MUFR were obtained via surface electromyography decomposition, and muscle fiber pennation angle and fascicle length were obtained via ultrasound. There was no significant interaction effect of sex and contraction intensity present for mean MUFR (p=0.24), pennation angle (p=0.98), or fascicle length (p=0.81). Males had greater mean MUFR (p<0.001), pennation angle (p=0.02), and fascicle length (p=0.03) compared to females. In general, mean MUFR (p<0.001) and pennation angle (p<0.02), increased with increasing contraction intensity, however, fascicle length (p=0.30) was similar across contraction intensities. There were no significant relationships between mean MUFR and pennation angle for males (r=0.18, p=0.13) or females (r=0.20, p=0.09), nor between mean MUFR and fascicle length for males (r=0.20, p=0.10) or females (r=0.21, p=0.07). Although sex-related differences in MUFR, pennation angle and fascicle length were present, there were no relationships between MUFR and the muscle properties. These results suggest that sex-related differences in mean MUFR may not be associated with the sex-related differences in the muscle architectural properties currently investigated.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142960224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What do Canadian universities suggest on their webpages as future career and educational pathways following completion of a kinesiology or exercise science undergraduate program?","authors":"Taniya S Nagpal, Hanna Randhawa, Rebecca Pallister, Jonathon R Fowles, Myles W O'Brien","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2024-0248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Kinesiology undergraduate programs are multidisciplinary, and graduates may navigate several post-graduate education and career pathways. This study summarized the pathways currently listed online by Canadian undergraduate programs following completion of a kinesiology or 'exercise science' degree. An environmental scan was completed by reviewing Canadian undergraduate program (n= 59) webpages and their list of future pathways (n=845). A content analysis summarized pathways into 46 common categories. The most mentioned pathway was education (n=60), with coaching, health promotion and physiotherapy next (n=46-48). Additional pathways included medical, allied health professions, business and exercise training (n=24-44). Most listed pathways likely require further training post-graduation.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142960228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current evidence around key underrepresented women's health topics in pregnancy and postpartum nutrition: a narrative review.","authors":"Mai-Lei Woo Kinshella, Sophie E Moore, Rajavel Elango","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2024-0127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adequate nutrition during pregnancy and postpartum is critical to maternal and child health, but there is often a missing focus around health outcomes specifically for women. Women's health includes sex-specific biological attributes and socially constructed gender roles framing behaviours and practices. This narrative review aims to highlight key areas where women's health has been underrepresented in pregnancy and postpartum nutrition research. Current evidence and research gaps are discussed for nutritional requirements during pregnancy and lactation, maternal mortality and morbidity nutritional risk factors, preconception and postpartum nutrition, and gendered cultural norms and inequities in access to nutritious foods during pregnancy and postpartum. Important areas for future research include strengthening empirical evidence for nutritional requirements in pregnant and lactating populations, the relationship between maternal iron status, anaemia and maternal morbidities, linkages between nutrient status among women and adolescent girls to maternal health outcomes, postpartum nutrition for recovery, lactation, and long-term women's health outcomes, and strength-based cultural practices that can support adequate maternal nutrition. There is an ongoing need to include women in nutritional requirements research, and measure health outcomes for women to ensure creation of an evidence-base on both sex and gender-based datasets.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142960209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat strain in different hot environments hiking in wildland firefighting garments.","authors":"Nathan E Bartman, Hayden W Hess, Deanna Colburn, Jennifer Temple, David Hostler","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0240","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wildland firefighters can work at high intensity in hot environments for extended periods of time. The resulting heat strain may be modified by the environmental conditions (i.e., ambient temperature and humidity [RH]) even at equal wet-bulb globe temperatures (WBGTs). This investigation assessed if a hot and dry condition would create greater strain than moderate and high humidity at equivalent WBGT (28 °C). Twelve participants (age 24 ± 2 year) walked at 40%-50% maximum aerobic capacity for 90 and 40 min separated by a 20 min rest in dry (40 °C, 20% RH), moderate-humidity (34 °C, 50% RH), and high-humidity (29 °C, 90% RH) conditions wearing fire-resistant jacket, pants, gloves, and helmet with the neck and face exposed. Peak core temperature was higher in moderate-humidity (38.9 ± 0.2 °C, <i>p</i> = 0.01) and high-humidity (38.9 ± 0.6 °C, <i>p</i> < 0.01) than dry condition (38.5 ± 0.3 °C). Average net heat gain was less in dry (33 ± 22 W) compared to moderate-humidity (38 ± 23 W, <i>p</i> < 0.01) and high-humidity (39 ± 28 W, <i>p</i> < 0.01). Peak heart rate (174 ± 14 bpm, <i>p</i> = 0.94), physiological strain index (7.7 ± 1.4 score, <i>p</i> = 0.99), perceived exertion (8 ± 2 rating, <i>p</i> = 0.97), and perceptual strain index (7.3 ± 1.6 score, <i>p</i> = 0.99) were not different in high-humidity compared to the dry condition (167 ± 19 bpm, 6.9 ± 1.3 score, 6 ± 2 rating, 7.3 ± 1.7 score, respectively). Whole-body sweat rate (15 ± 6 mL/min, <i>p</i> = 0.58) and thermal sensation (7 ± 1 rating, <i>p</i> = 0.37) were not different. Hiking in a humid condition while wearing protective garments creates greater exertional heat strain compared to a dry condition of equivalent WBGT. Wildland firefighters should consider extra strategies to mitigate hyperthermia when humidity is high.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142559706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peak V̇O₂ during handcycling in spinal cord injured athletes: incremental versus verification testing.","authors":"Caio de Araújo Rosa, Diego Antunes, Thiago Pereira Ventura, Gabriela Fischer, Gary Brickley, Ricardo Dantas de Lucas, Tiago Turnes","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0193","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study aimed to compare peak oxygen uptake (V̇O₂peak), peak heart rate (HRpeak), and peak O₂pulse during an incremental and a verification test performed on the same day in hand-cyclists with spinal cord injury (SCI). Eight competitive SCI hand-cyclists (age: 23 ± 2.7 years; V̇O₂peak: 36.3 ± 14.0 mL.kg^-1.min^-1) performed a maximal incremental handcycling test and a verification test to exhaustion at 100% of the peak speed on an oversized treadmill. The V̇O₂peak, HRpeak, and peak O₂pulse (i.e., VO₂/HR) were compared between incremental and verification tests. Absolute and relative V̇O₂peak obtained in the verification test (2.51 ± 0.96 L.min^-1; 36.3 ± 14.0 mL.kg.min^-1) were significantly higher than values obtained in the incremental test (2.24 ± 0.79 L.min^-1; 33.5 ± 12.9 mL.kg.min^-1; <i>P</i> < 0.05). The mean differences (95% CL) of absolute and relative V̇O₂peak between tests were 8.2% (3.3%-13.2%) and 10.9% (4.3%-18.1%), respectively. There was no difference in HR peak (incremental: 169 ± 24 bpm; verification 167 ± 25 bpm; <i>P</i> = 0.130). Peak O₂pulse from the verification test (14.6 ± 4.7 mL.beat^-1) was higher than incremental test (13.0 ± 3.8 mL.beat^-1; <i>P</i> = 0.007). In conclusion, the verification test elicited greater V̇O₂peak and O₂pulse than a two-phase incremental test despite the similar HRpeak. This indicates that for this progressive protocol lasting ≥25 min, the verification phase adds value to determining V̇O₂peak in SCI athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142751927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feet-heating and calf-heating have opposing effects on glucose tolerance and heart rate variability: a randomized, controlled, crossover trial.","authors":"Gabriele Sanchez, Dena Prince, Shelby Glasser, Michael Buono, Jochen Kressler, Jeff M Moore","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0265","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0265","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heat exposure's effect on glucose tolerance depends on the amount of body exposed, likely relating to autonomic nervous system balance. We assessed how partial-body heat exposure at two different levels of the lower extremities affects glucose tolerance and autonomic nervous system balance, measured via heart rate variability. We hypothesized feet-heating would improve glucose tolerance without affecting heart rate variability, while calf-heating would worsen glucose tolerance and decrease heart rate variability compared to a thermoneutral control condition. In a randomized, controlled, crossover trial, healthy participants' (<i>N</i> = 31, 23(3) years, 45% male) glucose tolerance was measured in (A) thermoneutral; (B) feet-heating; and (C) calf-heating conditions. Every 30 min for 2 h, blood glucose, heart rate, heart rate variability, tympanic temperature, thermal comfort scores, and blood pressure were measured. There were significant interactions between condition and time for blood glucose (<i>F</i> (4.6,72.6) = 2.6, <i>p</i> = 0.036), heart rate (<i>F</i> (3.4, 54.5) = 3.5, <i>p</i> = 0.017), heart rate variability (<i>F</i> (4.3,63.2) = 7.5, <i>p</i> < .0001), tympanic temperature (<i>F</i> (8, 268) = 2.4, <i>p</i> = 0.014), and thermal comfort scores (<i>F</i> (8, 248) = 22.1, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). Calf-heating increased 90 min glucose (+12 (95% confidence interval, CI: 3-21) mg/dL, <i>p</i> = 0.013) and decreased heart rate variability throughout (mean decrease: 13%-22%, <i>p</i> < 0.007), while feet-heating lowered 90 min glucose (-7 (95% CI: -16 to +1) mg/dL, <i>p</i> = 0.090) without affecting heart rate variability (<i>p</i> = 0.14-0.99). Blood pressure and body temperature were similar between conditions, but heart rate and thermal comfort scores increased with heating. Calf-heating worsens, while feet-heating may improve, glucose tolerance. Changes in heart rate variability coincided with changes in glucose tolerance despite unchanged body temperature. Whether heart rate variability can be used to monitor autonomic nervous system balance during heating to optimize its acute effect on glycemic indices should be further explored.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142376431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of consuming a sucrose-containing sports drink on acute kidney injury risk during a 4 h simulated occupational heat stress.","authors":"Maxime Jeanovitch Lignier, Hayden W Hess, Jessica A Freemas, Blair D Johnson, David Hostler, Zachary J Schlader","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0261","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Occupational heat stress increases acute kidney injury risk. Drinking a soft drink sweetened with high fructose corn syrup further elevates this acute kidney injury risk. However, the impact of sucrose, another fructose-containing sweetener, on acute kidney injury risk remains unexplored. We tested the hypothesis that drinking a sucrose-containing sports drink increases acute kidney injury risk when compared to drinking a sugar-free sports drink during 4 h of simulated occupational heat stress. Ten healthy adults consumed a sucrose-containing or sugar-free sport drink ad libitum during 4 h exposures to wet bulb globe temperatures of ∼28 °C. Thirty min of work and 30 min of rest were completed each hour. Work involved treadmill walking at a fixed rate of metabolic heat production (sucrose-containing: 6.0 ± 1.2 W/kg, sugar-free: 5.5 ± 0.9 W/kg, <i>p</i> = 0.267). The product of urinary insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2, normalized to urine specific gravity ([IGFBP7·TIMP-2]_USG), provided an acute kidney injury risk index. Mean core (intestinal: <i>n</i> = 13, rectal: <i>n</i> = 7) temperature (sucrose-containing: 37.5 ± 0.1 °C, sugar-free: 37.5 ± 0.3 °C; <i>p</i> = 0.914), peak core temperature (sucrose-containing: 37.8 ± 0.2 °C, sugar-free: 37.9 ± 0.3 °C; <i>p</i> = 0.398), and percent changes in body mass (sucrose-containing: -0.5 ± 0.4%, sugar-free: -0.3 ± 0.6%; <i>p</i> = 0.386) did not differ between groups. [IGFBP7∙TIMP-2]_USG increased in both groups (time effect: <i>p</i> = 0.025) with no drink (<i>p</i> = 0.675) or interaction (<i>p</i> = 0.715) effects. Peak change [IGFBP7∙TIMP-2]_USG did not differ between sucrose-containing (median 0.0116 [-0.0012, 0.1760] (ng/mL)²/1000) and sugar-free (median 0.0021 [0.0003, 0.2077] (ng/mL)²/1000; <i>p</i> = 0.796). Sucrose-containing sports drink consumption during simulated occupational heat stress does not modify acute kidney injury risk when compared to sugar free-sport drink consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142482826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The physiological consequences of and recovery following the Australian Special Forces Selection Course.","authors":"Angela C Uphill, Kristina L Kendall, Bradley A Baker, Stuart N Guppy, Hannah M Brown, Michael Vacher, Bradley C Nindl, G Gregory Haff","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0117","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to determine the energy requirements, physiological consequences, and recovery rate from the Australian Special Forces Selection Course. Ninety-three male soldiers (mean ± SD, 28.1 ± 3.6 years, 1.81 ± 0.1 m, 85.1 ± 8.1 kg) volunteered for this study. Body composition via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, hormones and resting metabolic rate were assessed before, immediately after, and at 1, 3, 5, and 8 weeks post-course. Energy expenditure, assessed via doubly-labelled water during the first 10 days of the course significantly exceeded energy intake (expenditure: 7680 ± 1095 kcal^.day^-1, intake: 3859 ± 704 kcal^.day ^{^-1}). Body mass (Δ -6.8 ± 1.9 kg, <i>p <</i> 0.01), fat mass (Δ -4.2 ± 1.0 kg, <i>p <</i> 0.0001) and lean mass (Δ -3.0 ± 1.7 kg, <i>p <</i> 0.0001) were significantly reduced in response to the course and returned to baseline 1-3 weeks post-course. Total testosterone, free testosterone, free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine and insulin like growth factor-1 significantly (<i>p <</i> 0.001) declined following the course, while cortisol and sex hormone binding globulin increased (<i>p <</i> 0.001). All hormones, except insulin like growth factor-1, returned to baseline concentrations within 1-3 weeks post-course. Resting metabolic rate decreased (<i>p <</i> 0.01) in response to the course, and subsequently rebounded above baseline levels at 1 week post-course. The Special Forces Selection Course involved high energy output and a substantial caloric deficit, resulting in body mass loss and significant hormonal disruption that took weeks to recover. These results highlight the energy requirements, physiological consequences, and recovery processes from the Australian Special Forces Selection Course.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142086465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}