Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme最新文献

{"title":"A comparison of critical power and the respiratory compensation point at slower and faster pedaling cadences.","authors":"Lorenzo Micheli, Massimo Teso, Nasimi A Guluzade, Matteo Rizzo, Carlo Ferri Marini, Francesco Lucertini, Daniel A Keir, Silvia Pogliaghi","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0042","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigated whether pedal cadence (60 vs. 100 rpm) affects oxygen uptake (V̇O₂) and power output (PO) at two indexes of the heavy-to-severe-intensity domain boundary (i.e., critical power (CP) and respiratory compensation point (RCP)) and their correspondence. Fourteen adults (7 females, 23 ± 2 years) cycled at 60 and 100 rpm during: (i) a \"step-ramp-step\" protocol to identify V̇O₂ and PO at RCP; (ii) 4-5 exhaustive constant-PO bouts for CP identification; and (iii) a constant-power bout at CP to identify V̇O₂ at CP. Separate two-way repeated measures Analysis of variance assessed whether V̇O₂ and PO were affected by index (CP vs. RCP) and cadence (60 vs. 100 rpm). The V̇O₂ was not affected by index (mean difference (MD) = 73 ± 197 mL·min^-1; <i>p</i> = 0.136) but there was an index × cadence interaction (<i>p</i> = 0.014), such that V̇O₂ was higher at 100 versus 60 rpm for CP (MD = 142 ± 169 mL·min^-1; <i>p</i> = 0.008), but not RCP (<i>p</i> = 0526). The PO was affected by cadence (MD = 13 ± 9 W; <i>p</i> < 0.001) and index (MD = 8 ± 11 W; <i>p</i> = 0.016), with no cadence × index interaction (<i>p</i> = 0.168). The systematic bias in PO confirms cadence-specificity of CP and RCP. The relationship between these indexes and their change in unison in PO suggests a mechanistic link between these two heavy-to-severe domain boundary candidates.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the relationship between aerobic fitness and lower-limb resistance vessel function before and after a bout of uninterrupted sitting.","authors":"Sophie E Rayner, Haoxuan Liu, Jennifer L Petterson, Myles W O'Brien, Derek S Kimmerly","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0365","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0365","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prolonged sitting reduces lower-limb resistance vessel function (RVF), whereas increasing aerobic fitness levels enhance lower-limb RVF. However, it is unknown whether having higher aerobic fitness offers protection against prolonged sitting-induced declines in RVF. This study investigated the relationships between aerobic fitness versus reductions in lower-limb RVF following a 3 h bout of uninterrupted sitting. In 30 healthy young adults (19♀, 24 ± 6 years), aerobic fitness was assessed during a graded, maximal cycling test. Relative peak oxygen consumption (V̇O₂peak) was determined via indirect calorimetry (37.5 ± 8.6 (24.7-60.7 mLO₂/kg/min). Popliteal blood flow (PBF) was recorded via duplex ultrasonography. Lower-limb RVF was assessed in the seated posture and quantified as the peak PBF and area under the curve (PBF_AUC, first minute of hyperemia) responses to 5 min of distal cuff-induced ischemia. The lower-limb RVF assessment was performed before and after a sitting. Peak PBF decreased following sitting (473 ± 254 to 387 ± 199 mL/min, <i>P</i> = 0.024), while PBF_AUC remained unchanged (6145 ± 3063 versus 6446 ± 3826 mL, <i>P</i> = 0.758). Relative V̇O₂peak was not associated with Pre-sitting peak PBF (<i>R</i> = 0.236, <i>P</i> = 0.210) or PBF_AUC (<i>R</i> = -0.026, <i>P</i> = 0.889). Furthermore, relative V̇O₂peak was also not associated with sitting-induced reductions in peak PBF (<i>R</i> = -0.145, <i>P</i> = 0.444). The reductions in peak PBF following sitting support previous work demonstrating that prolonged uninterrupted sitting negatively impacts lower-limb RVF. In contrast, prolonged sitting did not alter the PBF_AUC response, suggesting that peak PBF responses may provide a more sensitive index of sitting-induced declines in RVF. In young, healthy individuals, aerobic fitness did not impact baseline or sitting-induced reductions in lower-limb RVF.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Canadian Nutrition Society 2024 Scientific Abstracts: Canadian Society Annual Conference.","authors":"","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2025-0167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2025-0167","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":"50 ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144661272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Partial involvement of nitric oxide synthase in increased pilocarpine-induced sweating in exercise-trained men.","authors":"Yumi Okamoto, Junto Otsuka, Tatsuro Amano","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0285","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The physiological mechanisms involved in augmented cholinergic agonist-induced sweating in exercise-trained individuals remain unclear. This study hypothesizes that nitric oxide synthase (NOS) contributes to augmented pilocarpine-induced sweating in habitually exercise-trained individuals. Endurance-trained and untrained men (<i>n</i> = 15 each) iontophoretically received 1% L-NAME, a NOS inhibitor, and saline (control) in the forearm and then administered 0.001% and 1% pilocarpine to evaluate sweat rate. L-NAME administration attenuated pilocarpine-induced sweating by 10% in the exercise-trained (<i>P</i> = 0.004) but not in untrained (<i>P</i> = 0.764) groups independent of pilocarpine concentrations. Results indicate that NOS partially contributes to increased cholinergic sweating in exercise-trained men.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142633512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Saliva insulin concentration following ingestion of a standardized mixed meal tolerance test: influence of obesity status.","authors":"Hossein Rafiei, Jonathan Peter Little","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2024-0532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early detection of hyperinsulinemia may help identify and prevent metabolic diseases, but accurate insulin measurement is challenging, costly, and requires blood samples. This study aimed to characterize saliva insulin responses to a standardized meal tolerance test in people with different body mass index (BMI) classes to help develop potential saliva insulin thresholds based on varying levels of insulin resistance. A total of 94 healthy normoglycemic adults (aged 18-69 years, fasting blood glucose 5.2 ± 0.5 mmol/L) were recruited, categorized into groups with normal weight (NW, <i>n</i> = 41), overweight (OW, <i>n</i> = 23), and obesity (OB, <i>n</i> = 30). Participants fasted for ≥4 h and then consumed a standardized liquid meal (350 kcal; 45 g carbohydrate, 20 g protein, 11 g fat). Saliva samples and finger prick blood glucose were collected at fasting, 60 min, and 90 min post-meal. Saliva insulin levels at all time points were significantly higher in the group with OB compared to OW (all <i>P</i> ≤ 0.02) and NW (all <i>P</i> ≤ 0.001). The OW group also had higher insulin levels compared to NW (all <i>P</i> ≤ 0.02). No significant differences in fasting and post-meal glucose levels were found among groups (all <i>P</i> ≥ 0.12). Strong positive correlations were observed between obesity markers (waist circumference, BMI) and saliva insulin levels. Preliminary cut-off values for fasting (∼16 pmol/L), 60 min (∼97 pmol/L), and 90 min (∼115 pmol/L) saliva insulin may delineate between normal and hyperinsulinemic responses. Saliva insulin can effectively differentiate hyperinsulinemic responses among normoglycemic individuals with varying body weights and waist circumference, suggesting its potential as a non-invasive screening tool for metabolic disease risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":"50 ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144031969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced H-reflex gain in soleus during isometric plantar flexor and dorsiflexor muscle contractions in old adults.","authors":"Mélanie Henry, Anastasia Theodosiadou, Stéphane Baudry","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0369","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0369","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The modulation of the Hoffmann (H) reflex amplitude during agonist and antagonist muscle contractions provides relevant information on the neural control of leg muscles but remains largely unknown in older adults. This study investigated the H-reflex gain in the soleus muscle at rest and during plantar flexor (PF) and dorsiflexor (DF) muscle contractions performed at 10%, 20%, and 30% of the maximal electromyographic (EMG) activity (EMG_MVC) in 12 young (23-35 years) and 12 old adults (61-76 years). The reflex gain was measured as the slope of the relation between H-reflex amplitude and background EMG activity. The stimulation intensity was set to evoke at rest an H reflex in the ascending phase of its recruitment curve preceded by an M wave (5%-10% of its maximal amplitude; M_max). During PF contractions, the H-reflex amplitude increased with the increase in contraction intensity in both groups with a greater reflex gain (<i>p</i> = 0.024) in young (1.2 (0.5)% M_max/% EMG_MVC) than older adults (0.7 (0.4)% M_max/% EMG_MVC). During DF contractions, the H-reflex amplitude decreased in both groups, with a more negative reflex gain (<i>p</i> = 0.009) in young (-6.8 (2.8)% M_max/% EMG_MVC) than older adults (-2.7 (4.0)% M_max/% EMG_MVC). The decrease in H-reflex amplitude was linearly associated with the increase in tibialis anterior EMG in both groups. The present study showed a smaller reflex gain in older adults in soleus during submaximal PF and DF contractions, suggesting a decreased ability to adjust the excitatory afferent inputs during PF contractions, and to modulate reciprocal inhibition during DF contractions.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143461044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of brief ambient cooling on serum stress biomarkers in older adults during a daylong heat exposure: a laboratory-based heat wave simulation.","authors":"Ben J Lee, Robert D Meade, Sarah L Davey, Charles D Thake, James J McCormick, Kelli E King, Glen P Kenny","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0476","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0476","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Visiting an air-conditioned location during heat exposure reduces physiological strain; however, the effects on gastrointestinal barrier dysfunction and renal ischemia remain unexplored. We compared serum protein responses during a 9 h heat exposure (40.3 °C, 9.3% relative humidity) in 17 older adults without cooling (control) and 19 older adults with a cooling break (∼23 °C) during hours 5 and 6 (cooling). IFABP and sCD14 increased similarly across groups. NGAL was 3.2 pg/mL [1.9, 6.1] lower in the cooling group during heat exposure. A 2 h cooling centre exposure did not ameliorate gastrointestinal barrier dysfunction, but did a reduce a surrogate marker of renal ischemia. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04353076.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143560293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency of food marketing in recreation and sport facilities differs by presence of food sponsorship agreements and food service contracts in Canada.","authors":"Rachel Prowse, Melanie Warken, Trudy Tran, Dana Lee Olstad, Sara Fl Kirk, Kim D Raine, Erin Hobin","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0517","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0517","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We aimed to evaluate whether food marketing frequency in recreation and sport facilities (RSFs) in Canada differed by the presence of food sponsorship policies, food sponsorship agreements, and food service contracts. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 85 RSFs using an observational audit using the Food and Beverage Marketing Assessment Tool for Settings (FoodMATS) and a facility survey. All instances of food marketing in RSF were recorded in the FoodMATS and the presence of food sponsorship policies, food sponsorship agreements, and food service contracts from the last fiscal year were reported in the survey by facility managers/directors. Mann-Whitney U tests evaluated differences in food marketing frequency by presence of policies (yes/no), agreements (1+/0), and contracts (1+/0). Food marketing frequency did not differ between RSF with and without a food sponsorship policy (14.5 vs. 18.0, <i>p</i> = 0.37). Food marketing frequency was significantly greater in RSF with food sponsorship agreements (26.5 vs. 12.5, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and food service contracts (60.0 vs. 21.0, <i>p</i> < 0.001), compared to RSF without. Only 22.4% and 16.8% of food marketing instances were linked to current food sponsorship agreements and food service contracts, respectively. Sponsorship agreements and contracts may contribute to food marketing in RSF, but they do not explain all marketing instances. Future research should seek to clarify the origin of food marketing exposures, and the opportunities to use policy documents (e.g., facility policies, sponsorship agreements, and food service contracts) to improve healthy food environments, including food marketing in RSF.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144055362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dose-response relationship between leisure-time physical activity and metabolic syndrome in short sleep US adults: evidence from a nationwide investigation.","authors":"Yanwei You, Hao Ding, Meihua Tang, Weizhao Wang, Ning Yan, Leizi Min, Yuquan Chen, Xindong Ma","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0347","DOIUrl":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and short sleep are prevalent health concerns in the United States, yet the relationship between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and MetS among individuals with short sleep duration remains unclear. This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 8999 US adults aged 20 years and older in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Short sleep duration was defined as less than 7 h per night, and MetS was diagnosed based on criteria from the American Endocrine Society and the American Society of Clinical Endocrinology. Weighted regression analyses revealed a significant inverse association between LTPA and MetS, with higher LTPA levels linked to lower MetS (OR (95% CI): 0.990 (0.984, 0.997), <i>p</i> = 0.003). Participants who achieved the World Health Organization's recommended LTPA levels had a substantially lower MetS compared to those with no LTPA (OR (95% CI): 0.624 (0.527, 0.738), <i>p</i> = 0.001). Stratified analyses showed that this protective effect varied across demographic subgroups, and a threshold effect was observed at 2000 MET-min/week, beyond which further LTPA did not significantly enhance protection against MetS. These findings highlight the importance of regular LTPA that is negatively associated with MetS among individuals with inadequate sleep, emphasizing the need for targeted health promotion efforts in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143495020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal associations between mothers' and fathers' food skills and their children's cooking skills.","authors":"Sandhya Sahye-Pudaruth, David W L Ma, Alison M Duncan, Michael Prashad, Amar Laila, Jess Haines","doi":"10.1139/apnm-2024-0519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2024-0519","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Novelty: </strong>The findings from this study indicate that despite parents having high overall food skills, neither mothers' nor fathers' food skills were significantly associated with their children's cooking skills.</p>","PeriodicalId":93878,"journal":{"name":"Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme","volume":"50 ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144055492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}