Annals of medicine最新文献

{"title":"COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and preference for future delivery among language minority, newcomer, and racialized peoples in Canada: a national cross-sectional and longitudinal study.","authors":"Robin M Humble, Janet Sau Wun Lee, Crystal Du, S Michelle Driedger, Eve Dubé, Shannon E MacDonald","doi":"10.1080/07853890.2024.2445777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2024.2445777","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite high COVID-19 vaccine coverage in Canada, vaccine acceptance and preferred delivery among newcomers, racialized persons, and those who primarily speak minority languages are not well understood. This national study explores COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, access to vaccines, and delivery preferences among ethnoculturally diverse population groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted two national cross-sectional surveys during the pandemic (Dec 2020 and Oct-Nov 2021). Binary logistic regression analysis investigated the association between newcomer, language, and racialized minority respondents' perceptions and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines, experiences of discrimination when accessing health services, and sociodemographic characteristics. McNemar-Bowker tests were used to assess changes in responses collected at two time points.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 1630 respondents, 30.8% arrived in Canada within the last five years, 87.4% self-identified as a racialized minority, and 37.2% primarily spoke languages other than English or French. Although single dose COVID-19 vaccine uptake was at 92.7% among respondents, 14.8% experienced difficulty accessing vaccines, citing a need for translated resources or multi-lingual personnel. In longitudinal analysis, respondents were increasingly motivated over time to overcome barriers to accessing vaccines (61.4% to 69.6%, p = <.001). Fifty-nine percent (59.9%) of respondents would accept annual vaccination and over half would accept co-administration with routine (56.2%) or influenza (52.3%) vaccines. Experiences of racism/discrimination upon health service access were reported by 12.3% of respondents, who recommended increasing culturally safe practices and community involvement at vaccination sites.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Understanding how newcomers, racialized peoples, and minority language speakers perceive and access COVID-19 vaccines will support vaccination campaigns to optimize equitable access.</p>","PeriodicalId":93874,"journal":{"name":"Annals of medicine","volume":"57 1","pages":"2445777"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of serotonin receptor gene variants on substance use disorders.","authors":"Laith Al-Eitan, Hana Abu Kharmah, Mansour Alghamdi","doi":"10.1080/07853890.2024.2445779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2024.2445779","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Substance use disorders are multifaceted conditions influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Serotonergic pathways are known to be involved in substance use disorder susceptibility, with genetic markers within serotonin receptor genes identified as potential risk factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To further explore this relationship, we conducted a study to investigate the association between several polymorphisms in five serotonin receptor genes (<i>HTR1B</i>, <i>HTR2A/B</i>, <i>HTR3A/B</i>) and substance use disorders (SUD) in Jordanian males by sequencing genotypes in 496 SUD patients and 496 healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings revealed an allelic association between rs9567735 in the <i>HTR2A</i> gene and rs17586428 in the <i>HTR2B</i> gene with SUD. Haplotype analysis also showed that one haplotype of the <i>HTR2A</i> gene and four haplotypes of the five included genes were significantly associated with SUD risk. Moreover, we found that motives for substance use were correlated with single nucleotide polymorphisms SNPs rs1923882 and rs1150226, with the latter SNP also being associated with smoking.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that genetic variants of human 5-HT receptor genes may affect individual susceptibility to SUD in Jordan. However, further studies with larger sample sizes and additional variants in the same or different genes must confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":93874,"journal":{"name":"Annals of medicine","volume":"57 1","pages":"2445779"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the effect and mechanism of action of Jinlida granules (JLD) in the treatment of diabetes-associated cognitive impairment based on network pharmacology with experimental validation.","authors":"Haiyan Gu, Yuxin Zhang, Jinghua Sun, Lipeng Liu, Zanchao Liu","doi":"10.1080/07853890.2024.2445181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2024.2445181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To explore the effect and the probable mechanisms of JLD in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) - associated cognitive impairment (TDACI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The effect of JLD in combating TDACI was assessed in T2DM model mice by conducting Morris water maze (MWM) behaviour testing. Active components and their putative targets, as well as TDACI-related targets, were collected from public databases. Protein-protein interactions (PPIs), Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses and molecular docking were then utilized to explore potential molecular network mechanisms. Finally, the main targets were verified in animal model experiments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MWM test showed that JLD improved aspects of behaviour in T2DM model mice. JLD improved glucose intolerance, tissue insulin sensitivity, lipid metabolism and enhanced synapse-associated protein expression in hippocampus tissue. Network pharmacology revealed 185 active components, 337 targets of JLD, and 7998 TDACI related targets were obtained . PPI network analyses revealed 39 core targets. GO and KEGG analyses suggested that JLD might improve TDACI by regulating gene expression, apoptotic processes and inflammatory responses mainly <i>via</i> PI3K-AKT and AGE-RAGE signaling pathways. Molecular docking revealed strong binding of the main components to core targets. JLD reduced hippocampus tissue expression of the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL6), core targets of treatment of TDACI.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings suggested that JLD has the potential to improve TDACI through multiple components, multiple targets and multiple pathways. JLD may be a promising treatment for diabetic cognitive impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":93874,"journal":{"name":"Annals of medicine","volume":"57 1","pages":"2445181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of psychological health effects of nurses during 2022-2023 of the COVID-19 pandemic: a descriptive study in Southern Taiwan.","authors":"Hui-Ru Lin, Yung-Kuo Lee, Chen-Lin Chang, Ching-Hui Kuo, Hsin-Yun Ho, Chi-Jen Wu, Yi-Qian Chen, Cheng-Chun Wu, Yu-Cheng Ho, Tian-Huei Chu, Cheng-Hsin Chuang, Chou-Yuan Ko","doi":"10.1080/07853890.2024.2447405","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07853890.2024.2447405","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nurses on the frontlines of the pandemic have increased workloads, burnout, and virus exposure, leading to mental health challenges and a lack of resources for patient care. Mental health support for nurses during the COVID-19 outbreak has become a priority. This study evaluated psychological health outcomes of among nurses during the 2022-2023 COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan, focusing on personal and work-related fatigue as key contributors to emotional distress.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional questionnaire was distributed to 200 nurses in a southern Taiwan hospital between 2022 and 2023. Emotional distress and mental health were assessed using the BSRS-5 (Brief Symptom Rating Scale) and CHQ-12 (Chinese Health Questionnaire). Correlation and regression analyses were conducted to identify factors influencing emotional distress and mental health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nurses aged 40-59 (52.85, <i>p</i> = 0.01), those in emergency departments (56.71, <i>p</i> = 0.001), and those caring for COVID-19 patients (50, <i>p</i> = 0.007) reported higher personal exhaustion. Significant differences in work-related fatigue levels were observed based on working environments (52.78, <i>p</i> < 0.001), no beliefs regarding religion (46.53, <i>p</i> = 0.036), care for COVID-19 patients (47, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and previously diagnosed with COVID-19 (46.58, <i>p</i> = 0.005). Key factors influencing emotional distress included marital status, number of children, and workplace (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while mental health variations were noted  in age, marital status, number of children, workplace, and years of experience (<i>p</i> < 0.05). During the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses' emotional distress and mental health were significantly correlated with specific stressors such as age, workplace, care for confirmed COVID-19 patients, and previous COVID-19 diagnoses (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and implications for nursing management: </strong>This study highlights the stressors affecting nurses' mental health during the 2022-2023 COVID-19 pandemic, emphasizing the need for stress-specific mental health support. Understanding these stress-specific factors is important for figuring out what nurses need to improve their mental health, which can lead to better care for patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":93874,"journal":{"name":"Annals of medicine","volume":"57 1","pages":"2447405"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11749165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143018266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The rationale, design of the Assisted reproductive technology cohort nested in a pre-pregnancy family cohort (APP-Cohort).","authors":"Wei Xiong, Qinghan Liang, Xiaojie Han, Qiaolu Cheng, Qihang Liu, Xifang Zuo, Huiyu Wang, Huijing He, Guangliang Shan","doi":"10.1080/07853890.2024.2445183","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07853890.2024.2445183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Infertility has become a major global issue due to the trend of delaying marriage and advanced maternal age. Family/Birth cohort studies are essential for exploring ways to enhance health outcomes at both the individual and societal levels. However, there is a shortage of cohorts that include families who have utilized assisted reproductive technology (ART), particularly initiated at the early stages before pregnancy. The Assisted Reproductive Technology Cohort (APP-Cohort) is a prospective study aiming to investigate the epidemiology and risk factors of adverse gestational outcomes and other health issues in couples who have conceived through ART or naturally.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The cohort study's baseline survey commenced in January 2022 at several locations in Beijing, and enrollment is currently in progress. Both spouses filled out a questionnaire covering demographic, socio-economic, and various modifiable risk factors to gather information on their lifestyle. Physical examinations and biochemical tests were carried out, alongside regular yearly health check-ups throughout pregnancy and childhood. The survey data will be connected to electronic medical records to compile health information on the couples, newborns, and children.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The APP-Cohort study collected data from both wives and husbands before conception, allowing for early assessment of environmental risk factors for maternal and offspring health. With a focus on various types of risk factors such as genetic, environmental, and shared familial traits, the ongoing follow-up of this study will enable researchers to evaluate and distinguish the impacts of these factors on pregnancy outcomes, perinatal health, and children's health for individuals conceived naturally versus those conceived through ART. By utilizing practical experience and advanced mathematical analysis of the extensive data, the APP-Cohort study will provide valuable insights to promote the administration and success rate of ART in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":93874,"journal":{"name":"Annals of medicine","volume":"57 1","pages":"2445183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11748866/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical outcomes of atrial fibrillation screening: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Ville Langén, Aleksi K Winstén, K E Juhani Airaksinen, Konsta Teppo","doi":"10.1080/07853890.2025.2457522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2025.2457522","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have investigated the benefits of atrial fibrillation (AF) screening. However, since none have shown a significant reduction in stroke rates, the impact of screening on clinical outcomes remains uncertain.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs reporting clinical outcomes of systematic AF screening in participants without known AF. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) were computed for all-cause stroke or systemic embolism, major bleeding, and all-cause mortality, comparing screening with no screening.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven RCTs encompassing 76 458 participants were identified. One trial utilized implantable loop recorders for rhythm monitoring, while the others employed non-invasive screening methods. Pooled results indicated that AF screening was associated with a significant reduction in all-cause stroke or systemic embolism (RR 0.932, 95% CI 0.873-0.996, I² = 0%, <i>p</i> = 0.037), but had no effect on major bleeding (RR 0.996, 95% CI 0.935-1.060, I² = 0%, <i>p</i> = 0.876) or all-cause mortality (RR 0.987, 95% CI 0.945-1.031, I² = 0%, <i>p</i> = 0.550). We estimated a number needed to screen of 148 to prevent one stroke or systemic embolism over a 10-year period in a population of 75-year-olds. When only non-invasive screening methods were considered, the reduction in strokes was not statistically significant (RR 0.942, 95% CI 0.880-1.008, I² = 0%, <i>p</i> = 0.083).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Systematic AF screening is associated with a modest yet statistically significant 7% relative reduction in stroke and systemic embolism, with no observed impact on major bleeding or all-cause mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":93874,"journal":{"name":"Annals of medicine","volume":"57 1","pages":"2457522"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143043911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-dose glucocorticoid treatment vs. glucocorticoid replacement in immune checkpoint inhibitor associated hypophysitis (CORTICI): an open, randomised controlled trial.","authors":"Verena Theiler-Schwetz, Christian Trummer, Lisa Schmitt, Angelika Terbuch, Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch, Erika Richtig, Stefan Pilz","doi":"10.1080/07853890.2025.2453829","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07853890.2025.2453829","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>One of the most severe endocrine side effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) is hypophysitis leading to adrenal insufficiency. Recovery is rare, although it has been reported after high-dose glucocorticoid treatment. This is the first randomised study to evaluate whether hormonal recovery differs in patients treated with high-dose glucocorticoids versus glucocorticoid replacement therapy.</p><p><strong>Design/methods: </strong>In this single-centre, open, randomised controlled study, patients with ICI associated hypophysitis were randomised 1:1 to high-dose glucocorticoid treatment (1 mg/kg of prednisolone for two weeks, followed by tapering until week 7 and a switch to hydrocortisone 20 mg total daily dose in week 8) or glucocorticoid replacement therapy (hydrocortisone 20 mg total daily dose) over 8 weeks. The primary outcome was the frequency of hormonal axes recovery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 17th April 2019 and 16th September 2022, 18 out of the 20 randomised patients finished the trial; eight completed high-dose, 10 glucocorticoid replacement. Nine patients presented with hyponatraemia, two had typical changes on MRI, 12 had isolated adrenal insufficiency, and six had an additional hormone deficiency. None of the patients in neither group experienced a recovery in adrenal function. One patient in each group showed amelioration of hypogonadism. There was a significant, unfavourable treatment effect of high-dose treatment on HbA1c (mean treatment effect 5.16, 95% confidence interval 0.31 to 10.02, <i>p</i> = 0.039).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>High-dose glucocorticoid treatment was not effective in restoring adrenal function and leads to adverse effects on glucose metabolism. We therefore do not recommend its use for the treatment of ICI associated hypophysitis, except for compressive symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":93874,"journal":{"name":"Annals of medicine","volume":"57 1","pages":"2453829"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11770865/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143043913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prophylactic effects of nutrition, dietary strategies, exercise, lifestyle and environment on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.","authors":"Xiangyong Hao, Hao Song, Xin Su, Jian Li, Youbao Ye, Cailiu Wang, Xiao Xu, Guanglong Pang, Wenxiu Liu, Zihan Li, Tian Luo","doi":"10.1080/07853890.2025.2464223","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07853890.2025.2464223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease and its prevalence has risen sharply. However, whether nutrition, dietary strategies, exercise, lifestyle and environment have preventive value for NAFLD remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Through searching 4 databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and the Cochrane Library) from inception to January 2025, we selected studies about nutrition, dietary strategies, exercise, lifestyle and environment in the prevention of NAFLD and conducted a narrative review on this topic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Reasonable nutrient intake encompassing macronutrients and micronutrients have an independent protective relationship with NAFLD. Besides, proper dietary strategies including mediterranean diet, intermittent fasting diet, ketogenic diet, and dietary approaches to stop hypertension diet have their inhibitory effects on the developmental process of NAFLD. Moreover, right exercises including walking, jogging, bicycling, and swimming are recommended for the prevention of NAFLD because they could effectively reduce weight, which is an important risk factor for NAFLD, and improve liver function. In addition, embracing a healthy lifestyle including reducing sedentary behavior, not smoking, sleeping well and brushing teeth regularly is integral since it not only could reduce the risk of NAFLD but also significantly contribute to overall prevention and control. Finally, the environment, including the social and natural environments, plays a potential role in NAFLD prevention.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nutrition, dietary strategies, exercise, lifestyle and environment play an important role in the prevention of NAFLD. Moreover, this review offers comprehensive prevention recommendations for people at high risk of NAFLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":93874,"journal":{"name":"Annals of medicine","volume":"57 1","pages":"2464223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11827040/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143412094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The extent of intestinal involvement is closely related to the severity of IgAV: a risk stratification study based on CT.","authors":"Yuanqiu Li, Ziman Xiong, Yufan Wang, Yuchen Jiang, Yaqi Shen, Xuemei Hu, Daoyu Hu, Zhen Li","doi":"10.1080/07853890.2025.2462260","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07853890.2025.2462260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To analyze the differences in clinical manifestations between children and adults with intestinal involvement in IgAV and to identify the specific subtypes requiring particular attention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review of the HIS system was conducted on patient data from four centers at Tongji Hospital between January 2015 and October 2022. Patients with a diagnosis of IgAV with intestinal involvement were further analyzed. Clinical manifestations, laboratory data, and CT findings at the time of initial hospitalization were recorded. The differences in clinical manifestations between children and adults were analyzed. The extent of intestinal involvement, linked to disease severity, was quantitatively assessed by evaluating the number of affected intestinal segments on CT imaging. Laboratory markers that could reflect severe intestinal involvement were explored. Furthermore, patients were classified based on the sites of involved intestinal segments: L1 type (duodenum and/or jejunum), L2 type (ileum), L3 type (duodenum and/or jejunum and ileum), and L4 type (limited to the colorectum). A comparison of the first three types was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 148 patients were enrolled (67 children and 81 adults). The proportion of joint pain and renal involvement was higher in adults. D-dimer level was an independent risk factor for severe intestinal involvement (OR = 1.104, <i>p</i> = .016). In the first three types patients based on the sites of involved intestinal segments, it found that L3 type patients had a longer hospital stay.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>With the exception of joint pain and renal involvement, there were no significant differences in clinical symptoms between children and adults. CT imaging provided objective insights into the extent of intestinal involvement, which correlated with disease severity. Patients with widespread small bowel involvement displayed a more severe disease state.</p>","PeriodicalId":93874,"journal":{"name":"Annals of medicine","volume":"57 1","pages":"2462260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11809178/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143367046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Waist-to-hip ratio better reflect beta-cell function and predicts diabetes risk in adult with overweight or obesity.","authors":"Na Liu, Bian Wang, Guanxiong Zhang, Minxue Shen, Peng Cheng, Zhanjun Guo, Linhui Zuo, Junya Yang, Min Guo, Min Wang, Zhenqi Liu, Jing Wu","doi":"10.1080/07853890.2025.2462447","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07853890.2025.2462447","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Controversy remains as to which obesity measures better predict type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk in overweight or obese individuals. The objective of this study is to determine which commonly used obesity measures better reflect beta cell function and predict T2D risk in participants with overweight or obesity and to validate the findings using prospective cohort data.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Cross-sectional data from the Obesity Clinic of the Xiangya Hospital of the Central South University and prospective cohort from UK Biobank. BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHpR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were measured. Primary outcomes included beta cell function indices in the cross-sectional study and the occurrence of diabetes obtained from UK Biobank data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One thousand four hundred and ninety-seven participants with overweight or obesity (median age 29 years, 41% males) and 322,023 UK Biobank participants without diabetes at baseline (mean age 56.83 years, 50.4% males) were studied. WHpR had a stronger association with beta cell function and central body fat distribution than the other three obesity measures irrespective of glucometabolic states. WHpR associated positively with diabetes risk in participants using the hazard ratio scale (HR per SD increase of WHpR, 2.311, 95% CI 2.250-2.374).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>WHpR is a superior index in reflecting central body obesity, estimating beta cell function, and predicting T2D risk in people with overweight or obesity compared to BMI, WC, and WHtR.</p>","PeriodicalId":93874,"journal":{"name":"Annals of medicine","volume":"57 1","pages":"2462447"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11809193/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}