{"title":"Note of appreciation.","authors":"","doi":"10.1139/cjm-2025-0292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2025-0292","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9381,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of microbiology","volume":"72 ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145910550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhongxiang Huang, Jianping Ou-Yang, Zhiqing Zhou, Hui Sun, Lingjue Wang, Ye Chen, Gang He, Yan Zhang
{"title":"Plant compartments and regional variations shape the community structures and functional composition of endophytic fungi of <i>Citrus aurantium</i>.","authors":"Zhongxiang Huang, Jianping Ou-Yang, Zhiqing Zhou, Hui Sun, Lingjue Wang, Ye Chen, Gang He, Yan Zhang","doi":"10.1139/cjm-2025-0237","DOIUrl":"10.1139/cjm-2025-0237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although <i>Citrus aurantium</i> has enormous medicinal and ecological value in southern China, little research has been conducted into the composition and functions of endophytic fungi in it. To better explore the characteristics of the endophytic fungal community in <i>C. auranti</i><i>um</i>, ITS rRNA gene analyses were used to characterize the endophytic fungal microbiome across three plant compartments and three regions. The results showed that a total of 12 109 OTUs were obtained and further divided into 15 phyla and 768 genera. Ascomycota was the dominant phylum. <i>Fusarium, Alternaria, Mortierella, Plectosphaerella, Cladosporium, Colletotrichum, Trichomerium, Botryotrichum</i>, and <i>Aspergillus</i> were the dominant genera. The endemic and dominant genera of endophytic fungi in <i>C. aurantium</i> exhibited plant compartment specificity. The assembly of endophytic fungal communities was dominated by homogeneous selection of deterministic processes. The endophytic fungal genera of <i>C. aurantium</i> predominantly exhibited positive interactions (with a proportion > 99%). The dominant functions of endophytic fungi in <i>C. aurantium</i> were pathotroph and saprotroph. The composition (niche: <i>R</i><sup>2 </sup>= 0.09, <i>P</i> = 0.001; site: <i>R</i><sup>2 </sup>= 0.06, <i>P</i> = 0.021) and functional components (niche: <i>R</i><sup>2 </sup>= 0.117, <i>P</i> = 0.002; site: <i>R</i><sup>2 </sup>= 0.122, <i>P</i> = 0.006) exhibited significant plant compartment and region specificity. The results of this study reveal the characteristics of the endophytic fungal community of <i>C. aurantium</i>, and provide a theoretical reference for the further development and utilization of endophytic fungal resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":9381,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145687045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cristian Mata-Salazar, Olga Rivas-Solano, Victor Castro-Gutiérrez, Alejandra Huete-Soto, Mauricio Redondo-Solano
{"title":"Phenotypic profiling supports that <i>Listeria costaricensis</i> lacks in vitro pathogenicity but exhibits persistence traits.","authors":"Cristian Mata-Salazar, Olga Rivas-Solano, Victor Castro-Gutiérrez, Alejandra Huete-Soto, Mauricio Redondo-Solano","doi":"10.1139/cjm-2025-0216","DOIUrl":"10.1139/cjm-2025-0216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Listeria costaricensis</i> was recently isolated from a food-processing facility. However, its pathogenic potential and persistence capacity remain poorly characterized at the phenotypic level, raising concerns about food safety. Therefore, we assessed its pathogenic potential through phenotypic invasion and adhesion assays in HeLa cells, showing that <i>L. costaricensis</i> cannot invade HeLa cells despite displaying a cell adhesion capacity comparable to that of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> and <i>Listeria innocua</i> reference strains. Given the industrial origin of the strain, we further evaluated its susceptibility to commonly used disinfectants by broth microdilution, finding susceptibility to a mixture of quaternary ammonium compounds (MIC < 100 µg/mL), and reduced susceptibility to peracetic acid (MIC > 160 µg/mL) and sodium hypochlorite (MIC > 500 µg/mL). Considering its demonstrated adhesion capacity, we assessed its ability to form biofilms on polystyrene surfaces, reporting a weak biofilm-forming phenotype comparable to other <i>L. monocytogenes</i> strains. Finally, using the VFanalyzer platform we identified on the <i>L. costaricensis</i> genome 28 virulence-associated gene sequences related to regulatory and structural functions, adherence, and an incomplete invasion gene group compared to <i>L</i>. <i>monocytogenes</i> strains. Collectively, these findings phenotypically support the previously proposed non-pathogenic nature of <i>L</i>. <i>costaricensis</i>, while also revealing a level of persistence comparable to other <i>L. monocytogenes</i> isolates.</p>","PeriodicalId":9381,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145687100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Global population genetics and evolutionary dynamics of <i>Candida albicans</i>.","authors":"Jezreel Dalmieda, Jianping Xu","doi":"10.1139/cjm-2025-0248","DOIUrl":"10.1139/cjm-2025-0248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Candida albicans</i> is a common commensal yeast and an opportunistic pathogen of global health importance. However, its global geographic and temporal patterns of genetic variation remain poorly understood. Here we analyzed sequence data on seven housekeeping loci from >5000 isolates in the <i>C. albicans</i> PubMLST database representing >60 countries and spanning >70 years. Diploid sequences at each locus were phased into haplotypes to provide higher-resolution insights into diversity, differentiation, and recombination. Our analyses revealed high allelic and genotypic diversities within most geographic and temporal populations. Pairwise FST estimates revealed low but statistically significant differentiation among both geographic and temporal populations, with AMOVA revealing that most genetic variation resides within rather than among subpopulations. STRUCTURE analysis identified two genetic clusters but with extensive admixture within most geographic populations, consistent with frequent gene flow. Phylogenetic and haplotype network analyses revealed evidence of clonal expansion, with globally distributed haplotypes being genetically closer to one another than among more localized haplotypes. Finally, recombination analyses revealed evidence of non-random recombination within populations, including an overall deficiency of heterozygosity, suggesting the importance of parasexuality and/or mitotic recombination in <i>C. albicans</i> populations. Together, these results highlight the global evolutionary dynamics and population structure of <i>C. albicans</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":9381,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146040468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Antimicrobial resistance gene diversity, prevalence, and mobility within four landfills.","authors":"Isabella Ippolito, Laura A Hug","doi":"10.1139/cjm-2025-0226","DOIUrl":"10.1139/cjm-2025-0226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antibiotics in landfills create selection pressures on the microorganisms present, selecting for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic resistant organisms (ARO). The aim of this study was to assess whether landfills are hot-spots of antimicrobial resistance and whether landfills may contribute to global ARO diversity through ARG lateral gene transfer. Genome resolved metagenomic sequencing combined with sequence-search-based and deep learning tools were used to determine ARG diversity and prevalence from four active municipal landfills and their adjacent ground or surface water systems. Comparison to pristine and anthropogenic environments highlighted that landfill microbial communities contain distinct ARG signatures, including a broader diversity of ARGs. Plasmids made up 4.1%-8.4% of assembled scaffolds and carried 5.4%-12.0% of the identified ARGs in assembled data, depending on the sample type. Enriched ARG resistance mechanisms on mobile elements included multidrug resistance and antibiotic inactivation. The results indicate that landfills house a high diversity of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms and drug classes, with a moderate fraction encoded on mobile elements. Landfills are thus likely mixing grounds for ARG transfer and evolution of novel or augmented ARO lineages.</p>","PeriodicalId":9381,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146257632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Open access lecture videos: sharing veterinary bacteriology and mycology on YouTube.","authors":"Joseph E Rubin","doi":"10.1139/cjm-2025-0266","DOIUrl":"10.1139/cjm-2025-0266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During the COVID-19 pandemic, educators rapidly pivoted their instructional approaches. While this period of disruption is behind us, we are left with a legacy of experiences that can continue to benefit learners. Open educational resources improve accessibility in the classroom, and for learners globally without access to well-resourced institutional libraries. In the 2023-2024 academic year, lecture videos for Veterinary Bacteriology and Mycology (a 3-credit, second year Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) course at the University of Saskatchewan) were published on YouTube. Two student cohorts were surveyed about their use of the videos, and YouTube analytics was used to describe how videos were accessed globally. Students generally favored these prerecorded videos, citing improved video quality (24%) and shorter duration (36%) compared to other courses where in-person lectures were filmed. Seventy-three percent of students reported that having these videos on YouTube improved accessibility. From August 2023 through December 2024, the YouTube channel received >230 000 views from 86 countries. Approximately 6% of views originated in Canada while 62% were from low- and middle-income countries. This exercise was a positive experience yielding an easy to access repository of content to share with learners locally and globally. Other instructors are encouraged to seek out opportunities for the creation of open resources. Future studies should assess the impacts of online video sharing platforms on student learning.</p>","PeriodicalId":9381,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146131562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ishraq Rahman, Jordan Wight, Joshua T Cunningham, Paloma S Ochoa, Hannah L Wallace, Christopher R E Ward, April Hedd, Gregory J Robertson, Sabina I Wilhelm, Wanhong Xu, Dmytro Zhmendak, Yohannes Berhane, Sydney M Collins, William A Montevecchi, Pierre-Paul Bitton, Stephanie Avery-Gomm, Katharine R Studholme, Sarah N P Wong, Jennifer C Rock, Carla Pamak, Reyd Dupuis-Smith, Samantha Pilgrim, Rodd Laing, Michelle Saunders, Regina Wells, Robert A Ronconi, Kathryn E Hargan, Andrew S Lang
{"title":"Surveillance of live birds for active and past infections reveals the impact of highly pathogenic H5N1 on seabird populations in Atlantic Canada.","authors":"Ishraq Rahman, Jordan Wight, Joshua T Cunningham, Paloma S Ochoa, Hannah L Wallace, Christopher R E Ward, April Hedd, Gregory J Robertson, Sabina I Wilhelm, Wanhong Xu, Dmytro Zhmendak, Yohannes Berhane, Sydney M Collins, William A Montevecchi, Pierre-Paul Bitton, Stephanie Avery-Gomm, Katharine R Studholme, Sarah N P Wong, Jennifer C Rock, Carla Pamak, Reyd Dupuis-Smith, Samantha Pilgrim, Rodd Laing, Michelle Saunders, Regina Wells, Robert A Ronconi, Kathryn E Hargan, Andrew S Lang","doi":"10.1139/cjm-2025-0195","DOIUrl":"10.1139/cjm-2025-0195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Highly pathogenic avian influenza clade 2.3.4.4b H5Nx viruses (HPAIVs) have caused significant mortality in wild birds. We investigated active avian influenza virus (AIV) infections and assessed seroprevalence based on general nucleoprotein-specific and H5-specific antibodies in seabirds in Atlantic Canada during 2022-2023. Results were compared to seroprevalence data from 2011 to 2016 to evaluate changes in infection rates following the incursion of HPAIV. We sampled 1073 wild live birds belonging to 14 species. Active H5Nx infections were detected only in 2022, with the highest prevalence in Common Murres (64%), followed by Black-legged Kittiwakes (13%). Differences in seroprevalence were observed between years and species, with both Common Murres and Atlantic Puffins exhibiting higher rates after HPAIV incursion, particularly for anti-H5-specific antibodies. Seroprevalence also differed between locations, and age-related differences in exposure were observed with juvenile birds having much lower seroprevalence than adult birds, particularly among gulls. Despite no active infections being detected in 2023, high seroprevalence across species suggests persisting immunity and/or recent virus circulation. These findings underscore the importance of serological monitoring in tracking AIV dynamics, as antibody detection provides critical insights into past HPAIV exposure even when active infection rates are low.</p>","PeriodicalId":9381,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145997338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gabriel F Peñaloza-Bojacá, Laura Hjartarson, Marta Alonso-Garcia, Juan Carlos Villarreal Aguilar, Line Rochefort, Mélina Guêné-Nanchen
{"title":"Successional stages and inferred functional profiles of bacterial communities under biocrusts in post-mining ecosystems of Western Boreal Quebec.","authors":"Gabriel F Peñaloza-Bojacá, Laura Hjartarson, Marta Alonso-Garcia, Juan Carlos Villarreal Aguilar, Line Rochefort, Mélina Guêné-Nanchen","doi":"10.1139/cjm-2025-0090","DOIUrl":"10.1139/cjm-2025-0090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mine tailings are inhospitable to plant establishment because of substrate instability, nutrient limitation, heavy metals, and temperature fluctuations at the soil surface. Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) and their associated microbial communities can initiate primary succession and facilitate plant-soil interactions, thereby supporting ecosystem recovery. Here, we characterized soil bacterial communities beneath biocrusts along a successional gradient in abandoned and rehabilitated molybdenum-bismuth mine tailings in Western Boreal Quebec. We collected 125 soil samples from bare soil, cyanobacterial-, chlorolichen-, and bryophyte-dominated biocrusts, as well as from a mixed bryophyte-lichen cover layer. Bacterial communities were assessed using amplicon sequencing (16S rRNA and nifH genes) and linked to soil physicochemical properties to infer functional potential. Soil pH, electrical-conductivity, and sulfur content were associated with bacterial diversity (distance-based redundancy analysis, <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.20, <i>p</i> < 0.01). Rehabilitated sites exhibited moderate relative abundances of Proteobacteria (6.9%), whereas Actinobacteriota prevailed in nutrient-poor abandoned sites (17.1%), consistent with oligotrophic adaptation. Additionally, functional potential from chemoheterotrophy in later stages was associated with sulfur-oxidation (Spearman's <i>ρ</i> = 0.6, <i>p</i> < 0.05), with anoxygenic photoautotrophs potentially contributing to sulfur oxidation. Overall, our study indicates that bacterial communities may contribute to soil stabilization and could serve as key bioindicators of restoration success.</p>","PeriodicalId":9381,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145997359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brenna N Hay, Rachel Smid, Nathan Louie, Huan Zhong, Stephane Flibotte, Eric Jan, Leonard J Foster
{"title":"Ribosome biogenesis mediates the translational increase of nonoptimal codon transcripts during IFN-β stimulation.","authors":"Brenna N Hay, Rachel Smid, Nathan Louie, Huan Zhong, Stephane Flibotte, Eric Jan, Leonard J Foster","doi":"10.1139/cjm-2025-0032","DOIUrl":"10.1139/cjm-2025-0032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The interferon response is a signalling pathway unique to vertebrates that links the innate and adaptive immune responses. Interferons signal through a cascade of factors including the JAK-STAT pathway to induce the transcription of hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Although the main interferon signal transduction pathways and ISGs have been elucidated, translational regulation of ISG transcripts is not fully understood. Prior work demonstrated that ribosomal protein RPL28 negatively regulates a subset of ISGs; however, we find that this effect may be due to a reduction in overall ribosome abundance. Multi-omics analysis of RNA-seq and LC-MS/MS data reveal proteins, including several ISGs, that are translationally up-regulated in IFN-β-stimulated cells depleted of ribosome biogenesis factor <i>BOP1</i>. Analysis of codon usage demonstrates a significant reduction in codon optimality for proteins that are translationally up-regulated during <i>BOP1</i> knockdown and IFN-β stimulation. Using reporter constructs, we demonstrate that codon nonoptimal reporters are translated more than codon-optimized reporters in <i>BOP1</i>-depleted IFN-β cells. We propose that ribosome biogenesis may in part regulate the translational fine-tuning of integral ISG protein production to ensure optimal interferon responses, with potential effects extending beyond this pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":9381,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of microbiology","volume":"72 ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148041220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The blue light receptor gene <i>PoWC-1</i> plays a role in the formation of <i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i> primordia.","authors":"Xiaojuan Hou, Wenfeng Xie, Ruyi Huang, Mingyu Jia, Fengqin Wang, Qing Wen, Yanru Hu, Qing Liu, Jinwen Shen, Yuancheng Qi","doi":"10.1139/cjm-2026-0052","DOIUrl":"10.1139/cjm-2026-0052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blue light is a critical signal that triggers fruiting body initiation in mushroom-forming fungi. <i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i> is a cultivated model mushroom. The molecular mechanisms linking light perception to primordia formation remain poorly understood. We functionally characterized the blue light receptor gene <i>PoWC-1</i>, a homolog of <i>Neurospora crassa</i> white collar 1, during morphogenesis. Antisense-mediated silencing of <i>PoWC-1</i> caused a delay in primordia formation under light/dark cycles and complete arrest at the undifferentiated mycelial stage under continuous darkness, underscoring its role in developmental progression. In darkness, <i>PoWC-1</i> silencing downregulated key developmental transcription factors, hom1, hom2, Pofst3, and fst4, suggesting that PoWC-1 may contribute to developmental competence independently of light. Comparative transcriptomics revealed PoWC-1 influences a range of metabolic pathways-such as glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and amino sugar metabolism-that may support the energetic and biosynthetic demands of fruiting initiation. In addition, PoWC-1 appears to affect upstream signaling components, including the MAPK pathway and the two-component system, along with a suite of downstream transcription factors. These findings suggest that PoWC-1 functions as a key regulator integrating blue light signals into a multi-layered network involved in metabolic reprogramming, signal transduction, and transcriptional regulation during primordia formation in <i>P. ostreatus</i>. Collectively, this study provides a molecular framework for understanding photomorphogenesis in edible mushrooms.</p>","PeriodicalId":9381,"journal":{"name":"Canadian journal of microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148863648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}