Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Organizational Justice on Affective Organizational Commitment: Mediating Role of Perceived Organizational Support","authors":"Liqiang Song, Li Yang","doi":"10.11648/J.PBS.20200905.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PBS.20200905.11","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Employees’ affective commitment is helpful to get high performence and build competitiv advantage for a company. How to enhance employees' affective commitment is a hot topic in the field of management. In this study, we explore the relationship between affective commitment, perceived organizational support and job involvement. Methods: We surveyed 217 employees from local companies. We used analysis of Pearson correlation and regression models to explore associations between affective commitment, perceived organizational support and job involvement. Results: We found organiztional justice has a significant positive effect both on emplyees’ perceived organizational support and affective commitment, especially procedural justice is the most important variant effecting employees’ perceived organizational support, and leadership justice is the most significant variant influencing affective commitment, perceived organizational support plays a partial mediating role between organizational justice and job involvement. Conclusions: Findings suggest that individual perception of the organizational support plays a role in understanding when and why employees pay high attention to their work and invest more effort to achieve organizational goals. It is critical to cultivate employees’ affective commitment to their organization by method of creating a fair and supportive internal culture, which focus on procedural justice and consistently supportive organizational policies.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":"9 1","pages":"61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46931252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Kick in the Pants: Influence of Dark-Triad Personality Traits and Gender on Violence Intention among Teenagers in Yobe State, Nigeria","authors":"S. Fasanmi, Adeoye Emmanuel Olusegun, Mahmood Danasabe","doi":"10.11648/J.PBS.20200904.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PBS.20200904.14","url":null,"abstract":"The study examined the influence of the dark triad personality traits (Machiavellianism, narcissism and psychopathy) and gender on violent intentions among teenagers. The design adopted for the study is the survey design. A total of 300 participants took that cut across the three Senatorial districts of Yobe State participated in the study. The subejects were examined on a battery of standardized psychological tests. The sample comprised of 155 (51.7%) male and 145 (48.3%) female, standardized paper and pencil questionnaire was employed for data collection. The influence of the dimensions of the dark triad personality traits (Machiavellianism, narcissism and psychopathy, and gender and socioeconomic status were examined on the violent intention of the teenagers using hierarchical regression analysis. The results showed that each independent variable can jointly and independently predict violent intentions. It was recommended that government, law enforcement agencies, psychologists, teachers and individuals should be aware of the relationship existing between dark triad personality traits, aggression and violent intentions so as to reduce deviant behaviours and handle criminals appropriately.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48592895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Belief in Just World as a Predictor of Psychological Problems Among Hermaphrodites in Pakistan","authors":"Shahida Sadiq, Aneeza Bashir","doi":"10.11648/J.PBS.20200904.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PBS.20200904.13","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines belief in just world as a predictor of psychological problems among hermaphrodites in Pakistan. A total of 153 hermaphrodites (n = 132, junior members of community, n=21, senior members of community) were recruited through community-based organizations and referrals by snowball sampling technique. Personal BJW was measured by (Personal BJW Scale: developed by Dalbert and translated by Fatima & Khalid), general BJW by (Scales of Belief in Immanent and Ultimate Justice: developed by Maes and translated by Fatima & Suhail) and presence of feelings of depression, anxiety and stress by (DASS: Lovibond & Lovibond, translated by Aslam). Pearson correlation, step-wise regression was employed to analyze the relationship between Belief in Just World and psychological troubles. Significant results were found that high general Belief in Just World leads to increased risk of psychological problems and personal BJW decrease the level of depression, anxiety, and stress (psychological problems). The findings are helpful for therapeutic exercise as part of ongoing personal and general BJW growth they should be encouraged to readjust other aspects of lifespan as they see fit. Clinician can identify hermaphrodites’ problems and find out different ways that contribute to better adjusted in society and help them to use inner strength using personal and general BJW to come out of these psychological problems.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":"9 1","pages":"50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44665110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Resilience of Women Who Are Divorced and Choose to Live with Their Children","authors":"Muhammad Haikal, Latipun Latipun","doi":"10.11648/J.PBS.20200904.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PBS.20200904.12","url":null,"abstract":"Divorce is an unexpected condition that might happen to people and has been experienced by some married people. Unfortunately, some women face a lower quality of life after divorce, such as economic problems, lifestyle, and even bad social relationships. On the contrary, other women could be more productive and independent after divorce. The current study aims to explore how resilience, ability to adapt, and stay unwavering under challenging times for divorced women, especially for those who have not remarried after five years of divorce. The researcher used a qualitative approach, and data collected with deep interview method and observation. This research analyzes based on the exploration of how divorce could happen and discover ineffective communication as the main reason for a divorce. Social support is primarily needed, including supports from family and best friends. They have \"hope\" to build their own business and patience to control their emotion after divorce, and then take lessons from it. They also endeavor to pride themselves as individuals who could be independent and be better in the future.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":"9 1","pages":"44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41689289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Personality Influence Factors of Ecological Microexpressions Recognition and Natural Exposure Training Effect: Openness, Depression and Gender","authors":"Ming Yin, Jianxin Zhang, Dianzhi Liu, Yuan Zhao","doi":"10.11648/J.PBS.20200904.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PBS.20200904.11","url":null,"abstract":"With the in-depth exploration of emotion, criminal investigation and other fields, the research on microexpressions has become one of the hot topics. In the current study, it was the first time to explore the influence factors of the recognition and natural exposure training of ecological microexpressions (i.e. microexpressions under different expressions backgrounds). A total of 87 (45 males and 42 female) undergraduates and postgraduates from Soochow University were randomly selected to participate in the research. This study used the microexpressions data of EMERT, except that the openness subscale and the Beck Depression Inventory was measured for the same participants. It was found that: (1) Openness was positively correlated with some ecological micro-expression recognition, and was positively or negatively correlated with the natural exposure training effect, but was not correlated with the training effect of any micro-expression recognition under neutral backgrounds. (2) The Baker's depression degree was positively correlated with some negative microexpressions recognition, and was positively correlated with disgust under fear training, and was negatively correlated with some fear microexpressions recognition training. (3) The recognition of disgust under sadness and training effect of fear under surprise of women were significantly higher than those of men, but the recognition of surprise under sadness and training effect of disgust under neutral of women were less than those of men.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":"9 1","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42153297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study on Burnout of Nurses in the Period of COVID-19","authors":"Guixia Liu, Z. Hui","doi":"10.11648/j.pbs.20200903.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pbs.20200903.12","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Because of the particularity of nursing work, clinical nurses have different degrees of burnout, which is related to various factors. The battle against COVID-19 is a huge challenge, and the burnout of nurses may not be as same as it used to be. This study examined the level of nurses’ burnout and analyzed its influencing factors in the period of COVID-19. Methods: The questionnaire was released in the form of questionnaire star, and the level of burnout, anxiety and depression were measured by Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), respectively. Results: Except that the dimension of personal accomplishment was negatively correlated with anxiety and depression (r=-0.243~-0.408, P<0.05), there were positive correlations between emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, total score of MBI and anxiety, depression (r=0.447~0.738, P<0.01). Multiple stepwise regression analyses showed that burnout was positively correlated with anxiety (β=0.688), and negatively with working years (β=-5.597). Conclusions: The incidence of nurses’ burnout was high in the period of COVID-19, which was closely related to anxiety and depression. When nurses were more anxious and had shorter working years, their burnout was more likely to be stronger. Therefore, both managers and nurses themselves should pay attention to the burnout. Nurses with symptoms of anxiety and shorter working time are the focus of attention and intervention.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":"9 1","pages":"31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46893251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Know Thyself\": A Review of True Self","authors":"Jian Du","doi":"10.11648/J.PBS.20200903.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PBS.20200903.11","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout the years \"Know Thyself\", as an old aphorism, has been discussed by laypeople and researchers alike. It continues to hold a vital position in contemporary psychology. According to the traditional psychoanalytic and humanistic theories, being aware of and behaving in accordance with one's true self, improves an individual's psychological health. However, what the \"true self\" is, and how it affects people's daily lives, continues to be explored. In the present study, we reviewed the history and definition of the true self. Based on the characteristics found in previous research, we tentatively defined the true self as \"a set of mental representations of the inherent, private, and stable attributions of oneself; reflective of whom an individual thinks he/she really is.\" Following that, we reviewed several ways of measuring or assessing the true self, and compared advantages and disadvantages of them. We also reviewed the effects the true self has on people's meaning in life, decision satisfaction, and moral judgment, as well as psychological health. Finally, we suggested that it is crucial to define the true self more clearly, to develop methods to measure or assess it more accurately, and to investigate the fundamental mechanisms by which it benefits to people.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":"9 1","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44772943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultivating College Students' Self-Leadership: The Dual Role of Family and School","authors":"Y. Wen, Li Baowei, Zhang Li","doi":"10.11648/J.PBS.20200902.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PBS.20200902.13","url":null,"abstract":"Intrinsic control and self-management are playing an increasingly indispensable role in personal development. In the meantime, as the core of inner influence, self-leadership tends to be more prominent in the procedure of self-management. And in the process of students' growth, home education and school education are two complementary and critical nurturing roles. The key point of this paper is whether the students’ self-leadership level could be effectively improved through the specific guidance of family and school. Therefore, on the basis of the existing theories, this paper firstly reviews the self-leadership theory in the past three decades, together with its research content. Then this paper analyses the components of self-leadership strategy as well as its shaping effect on behaviors and thought. It is generally accepted that the self-leadership strategy could be divided into three main dimensions which are behavior-focused, natural reward and constructive thought pattern strategies. Finally, this study explores the antecedent influence of parenting styles and leadership education on college students' self-leadership level from a novel perspective via the revised Chinese version of RSLQ and the revised Chinese version of EMBU. Through empirical research and detailed data analysis, this study successfully verifies the dual role of family and school in self-leadership cultivation.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":"9 1","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47040242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multicultural Issues in Supervision - Supervising International Counseling Students","authors":"Adekemi Ekanoye","doi":"10.11648/J.PBS.20200902.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PBS.20200902.12","url":null,"abstract":"America has become a multi-cultural society, hence international students who have chosen a career in counseling education have increasingly embraced the United States as a destination for their studies most especially at the graduate level. According to a survey of CACREP-accredited counseling programs in the U.S. conducted by Ng in 2006 stated that 24 out of 45 doctoral programs had 77 international students in total enrolled in 2004, which was an average of three students per program. Unique challenges and difficulties are faced by these international students during their studies and training in the counseling and supervision program. Some of the challenges faced by the students are communication during i.e language barrier and getting counseling agency sites for their practicum and internship aspect of their study. Acculturation is another problem that students face. Students leave their country of origin and are subjected to transitioning process into new culture which sometimes become difficult to integrate. This cross-cultural experience transitions into the supervisory relationship. Supervisors have to be competent in understanding the various dynamics that are paramount to relating with international students. Knowing the challenges that the students face provides an effective platform to bridge the gap between the student (supervisee) and the supervisor.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":"9 1","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43689976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Students’ Metacognitive Knowledge, Metacognitive Regulation and Performance in Physical Education via TGFU","authors":"G. Stephanou, D. Karamountzos","doi":"10.12691/RPBS-8-1-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/RPBS-8-1-1","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the TGfU (Teaching Games for Understanding) tactical-game approach in promoting metacognitive knowledge (declarative knowledge, procedural knowledge, conditional knowledge, information management), metacognitive regulation (planning, monitoring, problem solving strategies, evaluation, imagery) and game- play performance in physical education. An experimental intervention study in basketball was conducted with pre- and post- intervention measures. The participants were forty-one, seventh grade, students who came from two classes of a Senior High School from a rural area of Southern Greece. The classes were randomly labelled as experimental group (8 boys, 12 girls), which was taught basketball by the TGfU, or control group (10 boys, 11 girls), which was taught basketball by the technical skill-based approach. Both participating groups of students were taught ten lessons in respective ten weeks, each of which lasted forty-five minutes. Students’ metacognition was assessed pre- and post- intervention using self-report questionnaire, and their basketball game performance was estimated by two experts in both conditions. The main results showed that (a) after the completion of the intervention, the TGfU group of students, compared to technical teaching group of students, reported higher metacognition in perceptual knowledge, information management, conditional knowledge, problem solving strategies and evaluation, and performed better in games, and (b) in the post- vs pre- teaching condition, the technical teaching group only referred to higher using of declarative knowledge, whereas the TGfU teaching group achieved higher performance in games, and it referred to more frequent use of metacognitive knowledge of declarative, perceptual, information management and conditional, and of metacognitive regulation of planning, problem solving strategies and evaluation. Overall, the tactical-game approach of TGfU proved effective in improving both metacognition and performance in physical education classes. The results are discussed for their applications into effective learning and future research.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46156722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}